# Ashok Kumar & Ors. (In Jail) v. State of U.P

- **Citation:** (2021) 2 ILRA 983
- **Court:** High Court of Judicature at Allahabad
- **Decided:** 2021-01-25
- **Case number:** Criminal Appeal No. 5629 of 2010
- **Bench:** Bachchoo Lal, Subhash Chandra Sharma
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/allahabad-high-court/ashok-kumar-ors-in-jail-v-state-of-u-p-46858
- **Pages:** 17

## Headnote

A. Criminal Law - Code of Criminal
Procedure,1873 - Section 161 - Indian
Penal Code: Section 302; Arms Act, 1959 -
Section 25 - Close relationship of witness
with the deceased or victim is no ground to
reject his evidence. It is clear that a close
relative
cannot
be
characterized
as
an
"interested" witness. He is "natural" witness. His
evidence, however, must be scrutinized carefully.
If on such scrutiny, his evidence is found to be
intrinsically reliable, inherently probable and
wholly trustworthy, conviction can be based on
the "sole" testimony of such witness. Close
relative of the deceased would normally be most
reluctant to spare the real culprit and falsely
implicate an innocent one. (Para 35)

B. The Evidence Act,1872 - Section 134 -
The legal system has laid emphasis on
value, weight and quality of evidence
rather than on quantity, multiplicity or
plurality of witnesses. It is not the number of
witnesses but quality of their evidence which is
important as there is no requirement under the
law of evidence that any particular number of
witnesses is to be examined to prove/disprove a
fact. The evidence must be weighed and not
counted. It is quality and not quantity which
determines the adequacy of evidence as has
been provided u/s 134 of the Evidence Act. As a
general rule the court can and may act on the
testimony of a single witness provided as he is
wholly reliable. (Para 34, 35)

C. It is settled legal preposition that even
if the absence of motive as alleged is
accepted, is of no consequence and pales
into insignificance when direct evidence
establishes the crime. Therefore, in case
there is direct trustworthy evidence of witnesses
as to commission of an offence, the motive part
loses its significance. Therefore, if the genesis of
the motive of the occurrence is not proved, the
ocular testimony of the witnesses as to the
occurrence could not be disregarded only by the
reason of the absence of motive, if otherwise
the evidence is worthy of reliance. (Para 47)

Appeal dismissed. (E-3)
984 INDIAN LAW REPORTS ALLAHABAD SERIES
Precedent followed:

## Text

_Characters 0–35,168 of 62,035. This is a partial read: ask again with offset=35168 for what follows._

2 All. Ashok Kumar & Ors. Vs. State of U.P.
983
complied with by the employer, are
stipulated in Rule 14 of the Cess Rules.
There is a complete remedy under the Cess
Act available to the petitioner, which is a
special and a fiscal statute. That remedy, in
the opinion of this Court, ought to be
availed by the University, which, it cannot
be permitted to bypass, by invoking this
Court's jurisdiction, under Article 226 of
the Constitution.

50. It is made clear that anything said in
this judgment shall not be construed as an
expression on the merits of the case, which
shall remain ever so open to be determined
by the Statutory Appellate Authority, if the
University choose to appeal, under the
provisions of the Cess Act.

51. In the result, this writ petition is
dismissed on the ground of alternative
remedy. There shall be no order as to costs.
----------
(2021)02ILR A983
APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CRIMINAL SIDE
DATED: ALLAHABAD 25.01.2021

BEFORE

THE HON'BLE BACHCHOO LAL, J.
THE HON'BLE SUBHASH CHANDRA
SHARMA, J.

Criminal Appeal No. 5629 of 2010

Ashok Kumar & Ors. ...Appellants (In Jail)
Versus
State of U.P. ...Opposite Party

Counsel for the Appellants:
Sri Mohammad Farooq, Sri Amit Kumar
Srivastava, Sri Ashok Kumar Yadav, Sri Jai
Shankar Prasad Tyagi, Sri Lallan Chaubey,
Sri Satya Dheer Singh Jadaun, Sri Surendra
Kumar, Sri Manish Mishra, Sri Anup Kumar
Mishra
Counsel for the Opposite Party:
A.G.A.

A. Criminal Law - Code of Criminal
Procedure,1873 - Section 161 - Indian
Penal Code: Section 302; Arms Act, 1959 -
Section 25 - Close relationship of witness
with the deceased or victim is no ground to
reject his evidence. It is clear that a close
relative
cannot
be
characterized
as
an
"interested" witness. He is "natural" witness. His
evidence, however, must be scrutinized carefully.
If on such scrutiny, his evidence is found to be
intrinsically reliable, inherently probable and
wholly trustworthy, conviction can be based on
the "sole" testimony of such witness. Close
relative of the deceased would normally be most
reluctant to spare the real culprit and falsely
implicate an innocent one. (Para 35)

B. The Evidence Act,1872 - Section 134 -
The legal system has laid emphasis on
value, weight and quality of evidence
rather than on quantity, multiplicity or
plurality of witnesses. It is not the number of
witnesses but quality of their evidence which is
important as there is no requirement under the
law of evidence that any particular number of
witnesses is to be examined to prove/disprove a
fact. The evidence must be weighed and not
counted. It is quality and not quantity which
determines the adequacy of evidence as has
been provided u/s 134 of the Evidence Act. As a
general rule the court can and may act on the
testimony of a single witness provided as he is
wholly reliable. (Para 34, 35)

C. It is settled legal preposition that even
if the absence of motive as alleged is
accepted, is of no consequence and pales
into insignificance when direct evidence
establishes the crime. Therefore, in case
there is direct trustworthy evidence of witnesses
as to commission of an offence, the motive part
loses its significance. Therefore, if the genesis of
the motive of the occurrence is not proved, the
ocular testimony of the witnesses as to the
occurrence could not be disregarded only by the
reason of the absence of motive, if otherwise
the evidence is worthy of reliance. (Para 47)

Appeal dismissed. (E-3)
984 INDIAN LAW REPORTS ALLAHABAD SERIES
Precedent followed:

1. St.of Punj. Vs Jugraj Singh & ors., 2002 SCC
(Criminal) 630 (Para 33)

2. Amit Vs St. of U.P., 2012 (1) JCRC 703 (Para
33)

3. Sudarshan Reddy & ors. Vs St.of A.P., 2006
(2) CAR SC Page 742 (Para 33)

4. Gangadhar Behra & ors. Vs St. of Orissa,
2003 SCC (Criminal) 32 (Para 33)

5. Bhaskar Rao & ors. Vs St. of Mah., (2018) 6
SCC 591 (Para 33)

6. Lallu Manjhi & ors. Vs State of Jharkhand,
Criminal Appeal No. 15 of 2002, decided on
07.01.2003 (Para 34)

7. Veer Singh & ors. Vs St. of U.P., (2014) 1
SCC (Crl.) 846; (2014) 2 SCC 455 (Para 35)

8. Bipin Kumar Mondal Vs St. of W.B., (2010) 12
SCC 91 (Para 47)

Present appeal is against the judgment
and order dated 20.08.2010, passed by
Additional Sessions Judge, Kaushambi.

(Delivered by Hon'ble Bachchoo Lal, J.)

1⁄4ekuuh; U;k;ewfrZ cPpw yky] }kjk iznRr fu.kZ;1⁄2

1. ;g nkf.Md vihy] vihykFkhZx.k v'kksd
dqekj] lUrks"k dksjh ,oa ohjsUnz dqekj pekj dh vksj ls
l= ijh{k.k la[;k 84 o"kZ 2006 mRrj izns'k jkT; izfr
v'kksd dqekj ,oa vU; rFkk l= ijh{k.k la[;k 269
o"kZ 2006 mRrj izns'k jkT; izfr lUrks"k dksjh] eqdnek
vijk/k la[;k 74 o"kZ 2005 vUrxZr /kkjk 302
Hkk0na0la0] Fkkuk pjok] ftyk dkS'kkEch ,oa l= ijh{k.k
la[;k 82 o"kZ 2006 mRrj izns'k jkT; izfr v'kksd
dqekj eqdnek vijk/k la[;k 132 o"kZ 2005 vUrxZr
/kkjk 25 vk;q/k vf/kfu;e] Fkkuk pjok ftyk dkS'kkEch esa
fo}ku vij l= U;k;k/kh'k@,Q0 Vh0 lh0] f}rh;]
dkS'kkEch }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa vkns'k fnukad
20&8&2010 ds fo:} ;ksftr dh x;h gS ftlds }kjk
vihykFkhZx.k dks /kkjk 302 Hkk0na0la0 ds vUrxZr nks"kh
ikrs gq, vkthou dkjkokl ,oa ik¡p&ik¡p gtkj :i;s
ds vFkZn.M ls rFkk vFkZn.M vnk u djus dh fLFkfr
esa izR;sd dks ,d&,d o"kZ ds vfrfjDr lk/kkj.k
dkjkokl rFkk vihykFkhZ v'kksd dqekj dks /kkjk 25
vk;q/k vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr rhu o"kZ ds lk/kkj.k
dkjkokl ,oa ,d gtkj :i;s ds vFkZn.M ls rFkk
vFkZn.M vnk u djus dh n'kk esa rhu ekg ds
vfrfjDr dkjkokl ls nf.Mr fd;k x;k gSA ;g Hkh
vknsf'kr fd;k x;k fd vfHk;qDrksa }kjk iwoZ esa bl
ekeys esa fcrkbZ xbZ tsy vof/k bl ltk esa
lek;ksftr dh tk;sxh rFkk lHkh ltk;sa lkFk lkFk
pysxhA

2. vihy ds fuLrkj.k gsrq vko';d rF; la{ksi
esa bl izdkj gS fd oknh eqdnek tXxh yky iq= Lo0
jke [ksykou dksjh us ,d rgjhj jke cnu iq= f'ko
izlkn dksjh ls fy[kokdj Fkkuk pjok ftyk dkS'kkEch
esa bl vk'k; ds lkFk nkf[ky fd;k fd mldh o
mlds xk¡o ds lUrks"k dksjh dh tehu dk eqdnek py
jgk Fkk ftlls lUrks"k dksjh jaft'k ekurk gSA dy
fnukad 20&6&2005 dks mldk HkkbZ gjh yky mez
djhc 40 o"kZ o xk¡o dk eksguyky iq= jke/kuh xk¡o esa
jk/ks';ke dksjh ds edku ds pcwrjs ij cSBs ckrphr
dj jgs Fks djhc lk<s N% cts 'kke dks xk¡o ds lUrks"k
dksjh o mldk HkkbZ v'kksd dqekj iq=x.k jkefgr dksjh
gkFkks a es a reUps fy, rFkk ohjsUnz dqekj pekj iq=
I;kjs yky fuoklh jk;Hkku dk iqjok etjk pjok Fkkuk
pjok ftyk dkS'kkEch pkd w fy, gq, vk;s tku ls
ekjus dh fu;r ls bu yksxks a us reUpks a ls gjh yky
ds Åij Qk;j dj fn;kA gjh yky 'kksj epkrk o
fpYykrk gqvk esokyky ds ?kj es a ?kql x;kA ;s yksx
ihNk djrs gq, esokyky ds ?kj es a ?kqldj reUpks a o
pkd w ls ekjdj xkyh nsrs gq, okil vius ?kj dh
vksj Hkkx x;sA og o mldk cMk HkkbZ jke lqesj
'kksjxqy lqudj ekSds ij vk x;s Fks ftUgksus a ?kVuk
ns[khA ;s yksx Hkkxrs le; Qk;j djrs gq, reaps
ygjkrs gq, xkyh xykSt ns jgs Fks ftlls xk¡o es a Hk;
o ng'kr dk ekgkSy iSnk gks x;k gSA e`rd gjh yky
dh yk'k ekSds ij iMh gSA Mj dh otg ls og jkr es
a fjiksVZ fy[kkus Fkkus ugh a vk ldkA vkt vk;k gw¡
mldh fjiksVZ fy[kdj dku wuh dk;Zokgh dh tk,A

3. oknh dh mDr rgjhj izn'kZ d&1 ds
vk/kkj ij Fkkuk ij vihykFkhZx.k ds fo:}
eqdnek vijk/k la[;k 74 o"kZ 2005 /kkjk 302 Hkk0
2 All. Ashok Kumar & Ors. Vs. State of U.P.
985
na0 la0 ds vUrxZr eqdnek iathd`r fd;k x;kA
fpd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ izn'kZ d&2 gS rFkk
eqdnek dk;eh ls lEcfU/kr th0 Mh0 dh izfr
izn'kZ d&3 gSA

4. ekeys dh foospuk vfHk;kstu lk{kh
la[;k 9 jke Hkjksls dq'kokgk] Fkkuk/;{k ds lqiqnZ
dh x;hA mUgksusa vius c;ku esa ;g dgk gS fd
fnukad 21&6&2005 dks og Fkkuk pjok esa
Fkkuk/;{k ds in ij dk;Zjr FkkA mDr frfFk dks
eqdnek vijk/k la[;k 74 o"kZ 2005 /kkjk 302 Hkk0
na0 la0 e`rd gjhyky dh foospuk mlds }kjk
xzg.k dh x;hA fnukad 21&6&2005 dks bl
eqdnes dh udy fpd] udy jiV ysdj e;
ftYn iapk;rukek ,oa t:jh dkxtkr ds lkFk
e; gejkgh ?kVukLFky xzke cjxnh jokuk gqvk
FkkA Fkkus ij udy fpd] udy jiV djds
ys[kd ,Q0 vkbZ0 vkj0 dk c;ku fy;k x;k FkkA
?kVukLFky ij e`rd dh yk'k dk iapk;rukek
eqjRrc fd;k x;k FkkA yk'k dks okLrs iksLVekVZe
'ko foPNsnu x`g bykgkckn Hksth x;h FkhA ekSds
ij oknh dk c;ku fy;k x;k FkkA oknh dh
fu'kkunsgh ij fujh{k.k ?kVukLFky djds uD'kk
utjh rS;kj fd;k x;k FkkA bl lk{kh us uD'kk
utjh dks izn'kZ d&7 ds :i esa lkfcr fd;k gSA
;g Hkh dgk gS fd ekSds ij ekStwn vkse izdk'k o
'kQhd vgen dk lebZ lk{; vafdr fd;k x;kA
?kVukLFky ij ,d dkjrwl 315 cksj 1⁄4[kks[kk1⁄2
cjken gqvk FkkA ekSds ls mlus feV~Vh lknh ,oa
[kwu vkywn ysdj loZeksgj djds uewuk lhy
rS;kj fd;k FkkA ekSds ij QnZ eqjkRrc dh x;h
FkhA QnZ ij xokgku jke vkSrkj ,oa jke cnu
flag ds gLrk{kj djk;s FksA bl lk{kh us QnZ
feV~Vh lknh o vkywn [kwu rFkk ,d [kks[kk
dkjrwl 315 cksj dks vius ys[k ,oa gLrk{kj esa
crkrs gq, izn'kZ d&8 ds :i esa lkfcr fd;k gSA
;g Hkh dgk gS fd mlh fnu mlus ftYn
iapk;rukek dkcZu dkih ls iapk;rukek dh udy
fd;k FkkA iapk;rukek mlus leLr xokgku
iapk;rukek tXxh yky] jke vkSrkj] jke flag
;kno] eqyk;e flag ,oa jke cnu flag ds le{k
Hkjk Fkk rFkk xokgksa ds gLrk{kj djk;s FksA bl
lk{kh us iapk;rukek dks vius ys[k ,oa gLrk{kj esa
crkrs gq, izn'kZ d&9 ds :i esa lkfcr fd;k gSA
;g Hkh dgk gS fd fnukad 22&6&2005 dks og
gejkgh foospuk gsrq jokuk gqvkA eqyfteku ugha
feysA iapk;rukek ds xokg jke cnu] eku flag]
eqyk;e flag ds c;ku vafdr fd;sA fnukad
23&6&2005 dks iqu% foospuk esa jokuk gqvkA Fkkus
ij e`rd ds 'ko foPNsnu vk[;k dh dkcZu dkih
izkIr fd;k FkkA 'ko foPNsnu djkus okys dk0
'kf'kdkUr ik.Ms;] dk0 edcwy [kk¡ ds c;ku
vafdr fd;sA vfHk;qDrx.k ?kj ij ugha feysA
vfHk;qDr lUrks"k o v'kksd ds firk jkefgr ls Hkh
iwNrkN dh x;h Fkh ijUrq vfHk;qDrksa ds ckjs esa
dqN ugha crk;kA ekSds ij QnZ eqjkRrc dh x;hA
bl lk{kh us [kkuk rkyk'kh o nfc'k vfHk;qDrksa ls
lEcfU/kr QnZ izn'kZ d&10 o izn'kZ d&11 dks
vius ys[k ,oa gLrk{kj esa gksuk crkrs gq, lkfcr
fd;k gSA ;g Hkh dgk gS fd okil Fkkus ij vkdj
vfHk;qDrksa ds vijkf/kd bfrgkl dh tkudkjh dh
x;h rks irk pyk fd vfHk;qDr larks"k dqekj ds
fo:} xEHkhj vijk/k ds fofHkUu Fkkuksa esa dqy 11
eqdnesa ntZ djk;s x;s gS ftudk fooj.k dsl
Mk;jh esa gSA vfHk;qDr ohjsUnz pekj ds fo:}
xEHkhj izd`fr ds fofHkUu Fkkuksa esa dqy 12 vijk/k
iathd`r ik;s x;sA vfHk;qDr v'kksd dqekj ds
fo:} xEHkhj izd`fr ds fofHkUu Fkkuksa esa dqy rhu
vijk/k iathd`r ik;s x;sA vijkf/kd bfrgkl dk
mYys[k dsl Mk;jh esa fd;k x;kA blh fnukad
dks iqu% foospuk esa jokuk gqvkA iapk;rukek ds
xokg tXxh yky ds c;ku vafdr fd;s x;sA iqu%
vfHk;qDrksa dh rkyk'k dh x;h nLr;kc ugha gq,A
fnukad 24&6&2005 dks iqu% vfHk;qDrksa dh
fxjQrkjh esa jokuk gqvk Fkk ijUrq os ugha feysA
fnukad 26&6&2005 dks foospuk o lqjkxjlh
vfHkqDrx.k esa jokuk gqvkA nfc'k nh x;h
vfHk;qDrx.k ?kjksa ls Qjkj FksA xkao esa ?kVuk ds
p'enhn xokg eksgu yky dksjh o xokg jke
lqesj dksjh ds c;ku fy, FksA fnukad 27&6&2005
dks iqu% foospuk ,oa fxjQrkjh vfHk;qDrx.k jokuk
gqvkA vfHk;qDr ds ?kj ,oa fj'rsnkfj;ksa esa nfc'k
nh x;h nLr;kc ugha gq,A fnukad 28&6&2005
dks bu vfHk;qDrks ds f[kykQ okj.V ,oa
m}?kks"k.kk izkIr djus gsrq U;k;ky; jokuk gqvkA
U;k;ky; ls okj.V izkIr dj okil Fkkus vk;kA
e`rd dk ewy iapk;rukek ,oa ewy 'ko foPNsnu
vk[;k izkIr dh x;h rFkk 'ko foPNsnu vk[;k
dh udy fdrk dh x;hA fnukad 29&6&2005 ,oa
30&6&2005 dks vfHk;qDrx.k ds ;gak iqu% nfc'k
986 INDIAN LAW REPORTS ALLAHABAD SERIES
nh x;h] ugh feysA fnukad 2&7&2005 dks iqu%
nfc'k nh x;h vfHk;qDrx.k ugha feysA fnukad
4&7&2005 dks U;k;ky; esa tkdj vfHk;qDrksa ds
fo:} m}?kks"k.kk@dqdhZ vkns'k izkIr djus dh
;kpuk U;k;ky; ls dh x;hA U;k;ky; ls
m}?kks"k.kk vkns'k izkIr fd;k x;kA fnukad
6&7&2005 dks /kkjk 82 na0 iz0 la0 dh rkehyk
dh x;hA fnukad 8&7&2005] 13&7&2005]
20&7&2005] 23&7&2005 ,oa 28&7&2005]
31&7&2005] 3&8&2005 dks eq> Fkkuk/;{k e;
gejkgh deZpkjhx.k ds nfc'k nh x;h ijUrq
eqyfteku nLr;kc ugha gq,A fnuakd 5&8&2005
dks mlds izkFkZuk i= ij U;k;ky; }kjk /kkjk 83
na0 iz0 la0 dk vkns'k ikfjr fd;k x;kA fnukad
9&8&2005 dks vfHk;qDr dh dqdhZ dk vkns'k Fkkus
ij izkIr gqvkA fnukad 10&8&2005 dks vfHk;qDrksa
ds edkuksa dh dqdhZ dh x;hA ?kVukLFky ls feyh
feV~Vh lknk ,oa [kwu vkywn rFkk e`rd dh iksVyh
tks 'ko foPNnsu ds i'pkr izkIr gqbZ FkhA
jlk;fud ijh{k.k gsrq fof/k foKku iz;ksx'kkyk
Hksth x;h FkhA izkIr lk{; ds vk/kkj ij vfHk;qDrksa
ds fo:} vkjksi i= la[;k 78 eQ:jh esa fnukad
10&8&2005 dks izsf"kr fd;k x;k FkkA ;g Hkh
dgk fd bl eqdnesa dk vfHk;qDr v'kksd dqekj
fnukad 5&9&2005 dks U;k;ky; eq[; U;kf;d
eftLVsaV] dkS'kkEch ds le{k vkReleiZ.k fd;k
ftls U;kf;d vfHkj{kk esa ysdj uSuh tsy Hkstk
x;kA fnukad 6&9&2005 dks mlds }kjk U;k;ky;
esa tkdj vfHk;qDr dk c;ku ysus gsrq vuqjks/k
fd;k x;kA U;k;ky; }kjk vuqefr izkIr gqbZA
fnukad 7&9&2005 dks tsy uSuh] bykgkckn
tkdj vfHk;qDr v'kksd dk c;ku fy;k x;kA
v'kksd vfHk;qDr }kjk tq eZ dk bdcky djds
vkykdRy reapk 315 cksj viuh fu'kkunsgh ij
cjken djus dh ckr crk;h FkhA U;k;ky; }kjk
iqfyl dLVMh fjek.M eas vfHk;qDr dks ysus gsrq
fnukad 9&9&2005] 12&9&2005] 13&9&2005 dks
izkFkZuk dh x;hA U;k;ky; }kjk iqfyl dLVMh
fjek.M izkFkZuk i= Lohdkj fd;k x;kA fnukad
15&9&2005 dks U;k;ky; ds vkns'k ij vfHk;qDr
v'kksd dks dkjkxkj uSuh ls iqfyl vfHkj{kk esa
fy;k x;kA vfHk;qDr dh fu'kkunsgh ij mlds
edku ls ,d diMs esa fyiVk ,d vnn reapk
315 cksj vfHk;qDr us fudkydj fn;k FkkA ekSds
ij xokg gjh'k pUnz o QwypUnz o gejkgh
deZpkjhx.kksa ds gLrk{kj o fu'kkuh vaxwBk cuok;s
x;s FksA bl lk{kh us QnZ cjkenxh vkykdRy dks
vius ys[k ,oa gLrk{kj esa gksuk crkrs gq, izn'kZ
d&13 ds :i esa lkfcr fd;k gSA ;g Hkh dgk gS
fd cjkenxh LFky dk fujh{k.k dj mldk uD'kk
utjh izn'kZ d&14 rS;kj fd;kA bl lk{kh us
vihykFkhZ@vfHk;qDr v'kksd ds dCts ls cjken
reaps dks oLrq izn'kZ&1 ds :i esa lkfcr fd;k
gSA ;g Hkh dgk gS fd eky o eqyfte ds lkFk
Fkkus ij tkdj eqdnek vijk/k la[;k 132 o"kZ
2005 fo:} vfHk;qDr vUrxZr /kkjk 25 vk;q/k
vf/kfu;e iathd`r djk;k FkkA eky eqyfte dks
U;k;ky; ds le{k is'k djds iqu% tsy uSuh
bykgkckn nkf[ky djk;k x;kA ;g Hkh dgk fd
mlds LFkkukUrj.k ds i'pkr 'ks"k foospuk dh
dk;Zokgh Fkkuk/;{k Jh lq/khj pUnz ,oa Jh ts0 ih0
;kno }kjk dh x;hA bl lkk{kh us iapk;rukek ls
lEcfU/kr layXud izi= uD'kk utjh] 1⁄4pkyku
yk'k1⁄2] QksVks uk'k] fjiksVZ lh0 ,e0 vks0] fpV~Bh
vkj0 vkbZ0] uewuk eksgj] udy fpd o udy
jiV dks vius ys[k ,oa gLrk{kj esa gksuk crkrs gq,
izn'kZ d&15 yxk;r izn'kZ d&21 ds :i esa
lkfcr fd;k gSA

5. vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 10 mifujh{kd]
jkeyky pkS/kjh us /kkjk 25 vk;q/k vf/kfu;e ds
vUrxZr izdj.k dh foospuk dh Fkh mUgksaus vius
}kjk dh x;h foospuk o foospuk ds nkSjku rS;kj
fd;s x;s dkxtkr] uD'kk utjh izn'kZ d&22 rFkk
vkjksi i= izn'kZ d&23 dks vius ys[k ,oa
gLrk{kj esa gksuk crkrs gq, lkfcr fd;k gSA

6. vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 7 MkDVj jkts'k
dqekj }kjk e`rd ds 'ko dk 'ko foPNsnu fd;k
x;k Fkk mUgksus vius c;ku esa ;g crk;k gS fd
fnukad 12&6&2005 dks og vius 'ko foPNsnu
fM;wVh ij bykgkckn esa 'ko foPNsnu x`g esa
dk;Zjr Fkk mlus gjh yky ftldh mez yxHkx
40 o"kZ ,oa fyax iq:"k Fkk dk 'ko foPNsnu fd;k
FkkA 'ko Fkkuk izHkkjh pjok ds }kjk lhycan diMs
esa Hkstk x;k FkkA lhy dks mlus uewuk eksgj ls
feyku djkus ds i'pkr lgh ik;kA dkxtksa dh
la[;k 9 FkhA iksLVekVZe mlus vijkUg 2&30 cts
fd;kA dk0 243 'kf'kdkUr ik.Ms; ,oa dk0 139
edcwy [kkau Fkkuk pjok }kjk mDr 'ko dks yk;k
2 All. Ashok Kumar & Ors. Vs. State of U.P.
987
x;k FkkA e`R;q dk lEHkkfor le; yxHkx Ms<
fnu iwoZ FkkA

7. okg; ijh{k.k%&

'kjhj e/;e vkdkj dk FkkA e`R;q i'pkr
vdMu 'kjhj ds gkFkksa ,oa iSjksa ls xqtj peMh m/kMh
1⁄4Qwydj1⁄2] cky vklkuh ls [khapus ij fudyus ;ksX;]
Nkys QwVs gq,A

8. e`R;qiwoZ pksVsa%&

1⁄411⁄2 xksyh ds ?kqlus dk ?kko 1-5 lseh X 15 lseh X ekalisf'k;ksa rd xgjkA ihB ds Åijh fgLls
ds cka;h rjQ e/; ykbu ls 3-5 lseh ckgj dh vksj]
LdSiqyk gM~Mh ds fupys dks.k ls 2-0 lseh ÅijA

1⁄421⁄2 xksyh ds ?kqlus dk ?kko 1&1@2 X
1&1@2 lseh X ekalisf'k;ksa rd xgjkA ihB ds
Åijh fgLls esa e/; ykbu ls 2&1@2 lseh nka;h
rjQ] LdSiqyk gM~Mh ds fupys dks.k ls 2&1@2
lseh ÅijA

1⁄431⁄2 xksyh ds fudyus dk ?kko 2-3 lseh
X 2-3 lseh X ekalisf'k;ksa rd xgjkA lhus ij cka;h
rjQ cka;s fufiy ls 0-5 lseh vUnj dh rjQA

1⁄441⁄2 xksyh ds fudyus dk ?kko 2-3 lseh
X 2-3 lseh X ekalisf'k;ksa rd xgjkA lhus ij nka;h
rjQ nkfgus fufiy ls 1-0 lseh ckgj dh rjQA

1⁄451⁄2 dVs gq, ?kko /kkjnkj gfFk;kj ls isV
ds Åijh fgLls esa&%

(i) 02 lseh X 04 lseh X ekalisf'k;ksa
rd xgjkA

(ii) 05 lseh X 1-5 lseh X ekalisf'k;ksa
rd xgjkA

(iii) 02 lseh X 1-00 lseh X
ekalisf'k;ksa rd xgjkA

(iv) 2-1 lseh X 1-00 lseh X
ekalisf'k;ksa rd xgjkA

(v) 3.0 lseh X 1-00 lseh X
ekalisf'k;ksa rd xgjkA

(vi) 4.0 lseh X 0.5 lseh X
ekalisf'k;ksa rd xgjkA

(vii) 3.1 lseh X 4-0 lseh X
ekalisf'k;ksa rd xgjkA

(viii) 1.5 lseh X 3 lseh X
ekalisf'k;ksa rd xgjkA

(ix) 1.0 lseh X 1-0 lseh X
ekalisf'k;ksa rd xgjkA

(X) 1.5 lseh X 3-0 lseh X
ekalisf'k;ksa rd xgjkA

(Xi) 1.5 lseh X 2-0 lseh X
ekalisf'k;ksa rd xgjkA

9. flj ,oa xnZu%&

dksbZ deh ugha ik;h x;h efLr"d dh
f>fYy;ksa esa Hkh dksbZ deh ugha ik;h x;hA flj
dh gM~Mh esa Hkh dksbZ deh ugha ik;h x;hA
efLr"d rjy inkFkZ esa ifjofrZr gks pqdk FkkA

10. lhuk%&+

tSlk fd e`R;qiwoZ pksVksa esa iwoZ esa
mfYyf[kr gSA vkBoh ,oa uoha ilyh cka;h rjQ
ihNs dh rjQ VwVh gqbZ pkSFkh ,oa ikapoh ilyh
vkxs dh rjQ VwVh gqbZA lkroh vkBoh ilyh
ihNs nka;h rjQ VwVh gqbZ pkSFkh ikapoh ilyh vkxs
nak;h rjQA

11. Iywjk%&

QVh gqbZ ySfjaXl] Vsafd;k ,oa czksdkbZ esa
dksbZ deh ugha ik;h x;hA

12. nka;k ,oa cka;k QsQMk%&

QVk gqvk g`n; dh ckgjh f>Yyh QVh
gqbZA g`n; QVk gqvkA

13. cMh jDr okfguh&% dksbZ deh ughaA

14. isV%&

tSlk fd e`R;qiwoZ pksVksa esa mi;qZfyf[kr
gSA

15. fHkfRr;k¡%&
988 INDIAN LAW REPORTS ALLAHABAD SERIES

QVh gqbZ isfjVksfu;e QVk gqvkA isV
dh dSfoVh esa tek gqvk [kwu fo|eku ik;k
x;kA

16. nkar%&

16 X 16 nkar] thHk ,oa xzluh esa
dksbZ deh ugh [kkus dh uyh a1⁄4blksQsxl1⁄2 esa
dksbZ deh ughaA

17. vkek'k;%&

[kkus dh FkSyh esa 100 fe0 yh0 rjy
inkFkZ mifLFkr FkkA

18. cMh vkar ,oa NksVh vkar%&

vk/kh Hkjh gqbZA ;d`r ,oa fiRrk'k;
QVs gq, ikpu jl dh FkSyh Iyhgk ,oa xqnsZ esa
dksbZ deh ughaA

19. ew=k'k;%&

[kkyh Fkk dksbZ deh ugha FkhA

20. MkDVj ds vuqlkj] e`rd dh e`R;q dk
dkj.k lnek ,oa jDrlzko] e`R;qiwoZ vk;h gqbZ
pksVksa ds dkj.k FkkA bl lk{kh us e`rd dh
iksLVekVZe fjiksVZ dks izn'kZ d&6 ds :i esa
lkfcr fd;k gSA ;g Hkh dgk gS fd e`rd ds
'kjhj ij e`R;qiwoZ tks pksVsa vk;h gS og fnukad
20&6&2005 dks lka; 6&30 cts dh gks ldrh
gSA ;s pksVs reapk ,oa pkdw ls dkfjr fd;k
tkuk lEHkkfor gSA

21. vkjksi i= izkIr gksus ij
vihykFkhZx.k@vfHk;qDrx.k ds eqdnesa dks
fopkj.k gsrq l= U;k;ky; ds lqiqnZ fd;k x;kA

22. fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us
vihykFkhZx.k v'kksd dqekj] ohjsUnz dqekj ,oa
lUrks"k dksjh ds fo:} /kkjk 302 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds
vUrxZr vihykFkhZ v'kksd dqekj ds fo:} /kkjk
25 vk;q/k vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr vkjksi fojfpr
fd;sA

23. vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls vius
dFku ds leFkZu esa vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1
jke lqesj 1⁄4e`rd dk HkkbZ1⁄2] vfHk;kstu lk{kh
la[;k 2 eksgu yky] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k
3 jke cnu] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 4 jke
vkSrkj] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 eku flag]
vfHk;kstu lk{kh 6 dk0 d`".k pUnz f=ikBh]
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 7 MkDVj jkts'k
dqekj] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 8 eqyk;e flag
;kno] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 9 jke Hkjksls
dq'kokgk] Fkkuk/;{k] 1⁄4foospukf/kdkjh1⁄2 ,oa
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 10 mifujh{kd]
jkeyky pkS/kjh 1⁄4foospukf/kdkjh1⁄2 dks ijhf{kr
djk;k x;k gSA

24. vihykFkhZx.k@vfHk;qDrx.k ds c;ku
vUrxZr /kkjk 313 na0iaz0la0 ds vUrxZr vafdr
fd;s x;s ftlesa mUgksaus >waBk jaft'ku Qlk;k
tkuk crk;k gSA

25. vihykFkhZx.k@vfHk;qDrx.k dh vksj
ls vius cpko esa cpko lk{kh la[;k 1 ds :i
esa MkDVj jkts'k dqekj dks ijhf{kr djk;k x;k
gSA

26. fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us mHk;
i{k dks lqudj rFkk i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr
lk{; ,oa vfHkys[kksa ij lE;d fopkj djus ds
mijkUr vihykFkhZx.k dks iz'uxr vijk/k esa
nks"kh ikrs gq, mijksDrkuqlkj nf.Mr fd;k gS
ftlls {kqC/k gksdj vihykFkhZx.k us ;g vihy
bl U;k;ky; esa ;ksftr dh gSA

27. vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls muds
fo}ku vf/koDrk Jh yYyu pkScs] jkT; dh vksj
ls Jh jkts'k feJk] fo}ku vij 'kkldh;
vf/koDrk
dks
foLrkjiwoZd
lquk
rFkk
vihykFkhZx.k v'kksd dqekj ,oa lUrks"k dksjh dh
vksj ls tsy ls Hksth x;h fyf[kr cgl dk
lE;d ifj'khyu fd;k ,oa i=koyh iz'uxr
fu.kZ; o vkns'k dk lE;d ifj'khyu fd;kA
2 All. Ashok Kumar & Ors. Vs. State of U.P.
989

28. vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls eq[; :i ls
;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k fd ?kVuk dh izFke
lwpuk fjiksVZ foyEc ls gS rFkk ?kVuk ds djhc 12
?k.Vsa ckn Fkkus ij ntZ djk;h x;h gSA izFke
lwpuk fjiksVZ ds foyEc dk dksbZ i;kZIr
Li"Vhdj.k ugha fn;k x;k gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh
la[;k 1 jke lqesj] e`rd dk lxk HkkbZ gS tks ,d
fgrc} lk{kh gSA ?kVuk ds lEca/k esa fdlh LorU=
,oa fu"i{k lk{kh dks ijhf{kr ugha djk;k x;k gSA
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 eksgu yky dks ?kVuk
dk izR;{kn'khZ lk{kh gksuk crk;k x;k gS ijUrq
mlus vius c;ku esa vfHk;kstu dFkkud dk
leFkZu ugha fd;k gSA tXxh yky 1⁄4oknh1⁄2 dh e`R;q
gks tkus ds dkj.k mls lk{; esa ijhf{kr ugha
djk;k tk ldkA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 jke
cnu rgjhj ys[kd gS mlus vius c;ku esa rgjhj
dks njksxkth ds cksyus ij fy[kus dk mYys[k
fd;k gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 4 jke vkSrkj
dksjh] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 eku flag ftUgsa
iapk;rukek dk lk{kh gksuk dgk tkrk gS mUgksusa
vius c;ku esa vfHk;kstu dFkkud dk leFkZu ugha
fd;k gS vkSj mDr nksuks lk{kh i{k nzksgh ?kksf"kr
gq, gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 8 eqyk;e flag
;kno dks Hkh iapk;rukek dk lk{kh gksuk crk;k
tkrk gS mlus e`rd gjh yky dh yk'k esok yky
ds edku ds iwjc fLFkr jkLrs ij iMh gksus dk
mYys[k fd;k gS rFkk ftjg esa ;g Hkh mYys[k
fd;k gS fd iapk;rukek dh fy[kk i<h mlds
lkeus ugh a gqbZA ;g Hkh dgk fd mlds igqapus
ds igys yk'k lhy gks pqdh FkhA vihykFkhZ v'kksd
dqekj dh fu'kkunsgh ij cjken reapk ds lEca/k
es a fdlh LorU= ,oa fu"i{k lk{kh dks ijhf{kr
ugh a djk;k x;k gSA cjkenxh ds lEca/k es a ,d
ek= iqfyl lk{kh vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 9 jke
Hkjksls dq'kokgk foospukf/kdkjh gh gS rFkk dfFkr
cjken reaps dks fof/k foKku iz;ksx'kkyk tk ap
gsrq ugh a Hkstk x;k gSA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd
vihykFkhZ ohjsUnz dqekj ,d vU; n wljs xk ao dk
gS vkSj og vihykFkhZx.k v'kksd dqekj ,oa lUrks"k
dksjh dks ugh a tkurk gS vkSj u gh mldk muls
dksbZ lEca/k ,oa ljksdkj gSA ?kVuk dk dksbZ gsrqd
ugh a FkkA ;g lkfcr ugh a gS fd dfFkr cjken
reapk e`rd dh gR;k es a iz;ksx fd;k x;k gks
vkSj u gh bl lEca/k es a fof/k foKku iz;ksx'kkyk
dh dksbZ vk[;k gh gS vkSj u gh dksbZ cSysfLVd
fjiksVZ izkIr dh x;h gSA e`rd dk iksLVekVZe
fnukad 22&6&2005 le; 2&30 cts vijkUg
djus dh ckr dgh x;h gSA MkDVj us e`rd dh
e`R;q dk le; yxHkx Ms< fnu iwoZ n'kkZ;k gS tks
vfHk;kstu dFkkud ls esy ugh a [kkrk gS rFkk
e`rd dh pksV la[;k 5 lafnX/k gSA MkDVj jkts'k
dqekj us e`rd ds 'ko dk 'ko foPNsnu fd;k Fkk
ftls vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls vius cpko es a
cpko lk{kh la[;k 1 ds :i es a Hkh ijhf{kr
djk;k x;k gS mUgksus a vius eq[; c;ku es a ;g
mYys[k fd;k gS fd e`rd gjhyky ds 'ko ij
ekStwn pksVs a iapk;rukek es a v afdr pksVks a ls
fHkUu gSA blh lUnsg ij mlus foospd dks 13
fpV~Bh izsf"kr fd;kA ;g Hkh dgk fd mDr i`"Bk
adu ds i'pkr iapk;rukek ij pksV la[;k 5
foospd }kjk fcuk uksV vafdr fd;s gq, dkcZu
yxkdj ckn es a v afdr dj fn;k tkuk lEHko
gSA fpfdRlh; lk{; ls vfHk;kstu dFkkud dh
iqf"V ugh a gksrh gSA vihykFkhZx.k v'kksd dqekj o
lUrks"k dksjh dh vksj ls izsf"kr viuh fyf[kr cgl
es a ;g mYys[k fd;k x;k gS fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh
la[;k 7 MkDVj jkts'k dqekj us vius c;ku es a
e`rd gjh yky ds 'ko dk 'ko foPNsnu fnuk ad
12&6&2005 dks djus dk mYys[k fd;k gS tc
fd ;g ?kVuk fnuk ad 20&6&2005 dh crk;h
x;h gS vFkkZr MkDVj ds vuqlkj] e`rd dh gR;k
ds 8 fnu iwoZ iksLVekVZe fd;k x;k gSA
vihykFkhZx.k dk e`rd ls dksbZ tehuh fookn ugh
a Fkk vkSj u gh vihykFkhZx.k dk dksbZ dCtk gSA
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 jke lqesj us vius c;ku
esa ;g dgk gS fd ?kVuk ds ckjs es a njksxkth us
mlls ugh a iwNk Fkk mlds HkkbZ tXxh yky ls
iwNk FkkA ;g Hkh dgk gS fd fjiksVZ ds ckn
njksxkth mls ugh a feys blls ;g tkfgj gksrk gS
fd foospukf/kdkjh us vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1
jke lqesj dk c;ku vafdr ugh a fd;kA
vihykFkhZx.k lUrks"k dksjh o ohjsUnz ls fdlh
vkykdRy dh cjkenxh ugh a crk;h tkrh gSA
fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj
ls izLrqr fof/k O;oLFkkvksa dk lE;d ifj'khyu
ugh a fd;k gSA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd
vihykFkhZx.k dks bl izdj.k es a egt >waBk
Qlk;k x;kA e`rd ,d nq"pfj= izo`fRr dk O;fDr
Fkk] og cykRdkj ds ekeys esa tsy es a Hkh can jgk
gSA bl ?kVuk dks fdlh ds }kjk ns[kk ugh a x;k
990 INDIAN LAW REPORTS ALLAHABAD SERIES
gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dk iz'uxr fu.kZ;
,oa vkns'k fof/k laxr ugh gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh
la[;k 1 jke lqesj dh ,d ek= lk{; bl izd`fr
dh ugh a gS fd ml ij lgtrk ls fo'okl fd;k
tk ldsA ,slh n'kk es a fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky;
dk iz'uxr fu.kZ; ,oa vkns'k fujLr gksus ;ksX;
gSA

29. blds foijhr fo}ku vij 'kkldh;
vf/koDrk }kjk ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k fd
;g?kVuk ljsvke fnu ds lk<s N% cts 'kke dh gS
rFkk ;g ?kVuk t wu ds eghus es a ?kfVr gqbZA
'kke s lk<s N% cts i;kZIr jks'kuh ,oa mtkyk
jgrk gSA ,slh n'kk es a vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1
jke lqesj }kjk ?kVuk ns[kuk o vihykFkhZx.k dks
Hkyh Hkk afr igpkuuk LokHkkfod ,oa fo'oluh;
gSA e`rd dh gR;k vkXus;kL= ls Qk;j dj o
pkd w ls pksV igqapkdj dh x;h gSA Mj o Hk; ds
dkj.k oknh dk jkf= es a ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk
fjiksVZ ntZ djkus gsrq Fkkus u tkuk LokHkkfod ,oa
fo'oluh; gSA ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ es a
;g mYys[k fd;k x;k gS fd Mj dh otg ls
jkf= es a og fjiksVZ fy[kkus Fkkus ugh a vk ldkA
oknh us bl ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ fnuk ad
21&6&2005 dks lqcg 6&10 cts Fkkus ij ntZ
djk;k gSA foyEc dk dkj.k izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ es
a fn;k x;k gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 jke
lqesj ?kVuk dk izR;{kn'khZ lk{kh gS ftlus vius
c;ku es a vfHk;kstu dFkkud dk Hkyh Hk akfr
leFkZu fd;k gSA bl lk{kh dh lk{; es a ,slh
dksbZ folaxfr ugh a vk;h gS ftlls dh mldh
lk{; ij vfo'okl fd;k tk ldsA fo}ku
fopkj.k U;k;ky; us i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr
lk{; ,oa vfHkys[kks a ij lE;d fopkj djus ds
mijkUr vihykFkhZx.k dks iz'uxr vijk/k es a nks"kh
ikrs gq, mijksDrkuqlkj nf.Mr fd;k gS ftles a
dksbZ fof/kd =qfV vFkok vfu;ferrk ugh a gSA

30. mYys[kuh; gS fd ;g ?kVuk fnuk ad
20&6&2005 ds le; 6&30 cts 'kke dh crk;h
x;h gS vkSj bl ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ
e`rd ds HkkbZ tXxh yky us Fkkus ij fnuk ad
21&6&2005 dks lqcg 6&10 ,0 ,e0 ij ntZ
djk;h gSA izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ es a vihykFkhZx.k
v'kksd dqekj o lUrks"k dksjh ds gkFkks a es a reapk
rFkk ohjsUnz dqekj ds gkFk es a pkd w gksuk n'kkZ;k
x;k gSA ?kVuk ds le; e`rd vius gh xk ao 15
ds jk/ks';ke dksjh ds edku ds pcwrjs ij cSBdj
eksgu yky ds lkFk ckrphr dj jgk Fkk rc
vihykFkhZx.k }kjk reapks a ls mlds Åij Qk;j
djus dh ckr dgh x;h gSA ;g Hkh mYys[k fd;k
x;k gS fd e`rd gjhyky 'kksj epkrk o fpYykrk
gqvk esokyky ds ?kj es a ?kql x;k rks ;s yksx
ihNk djrs gq, esok yky ds ?kj es a ?kqldj reapks
a o pkd w ls ekjdj xkyh nsrs gq, okil vius
?kj dh vksj Hkkx x;sA oknh us viuh izFke lwpuk
fjiksVZ es a ;g Hkh mYys[k fd;k gS fd og rFkk
mldk cMk HkkbZ jke lqesj 'kksjxqy lqudj ekSds
ij vk x;s Fks ftUgksus ?kVuk ns[kkA ;s yksx Hkkxrs
le; Qk;j djrs gq, reaps ygjkrs gq, xkyh
xykSt ns jgs Fks ftlls xk ao es a Hk; o ng'kr
dk egkSy iSnk gks x;kA pw¡fd e`rd dh gR;k
oknh o mlds HkkbZ jke lqesj ds le{k
vihykFkhZx.k }kjk reaps ls Qk;j dj o pkd w ls
pksV igqapkdj dh x;h Fkh rFkk vihykFkhZx.k
Hkkxrs le; Qk;j djrs gq, reaps ygjkrs gq,
xkyh xykSt ns jgs Fk ftlls xk ao es a Hk; o
ng'kr dk egkSy mRiUu gksus dh ckr dgh x;h
gSA mijksDr ifjfLFkfr;ks a es a oknh o mlds HkkbZ
dk jkf= es a fjiksVZ djus u tkuk LokHkkfod ,oa
fo'oluh; yxrk gSA oknh us viuh izFke lwpuk
fjiksVZ es a Lo; a ;g mYys[k fd;k gS fd jkf= es a
Mj dh otg ls fjiksVZ fy[kkus Fkkus ugh a vk
ldkA ,slh n'kk es a ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ
es a foyEc dk dkj.k n'kkZ;k x;k gSA vfHk;kstu
lk{kh la[;k 1 jke lqesj tks fd bl ?kVuk dk
izR;{kn'khZ lk{kh gS rFkk ?kVuk ds le; vius HkkbZ
tXxh yky oknh ds lkFk ekSds ij igqapk Fkk mlus
vius c;ku es a ;g dgk gS fd ge yksx jkf= es a
Mj dh otg ls jiV djus ugh a tk ik;sA ,slh
n'kk es a ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ds foyEc
ds lEca/k es a tks Li"Vhdj.k fn;k x;k gS og
i;kZIr ,oa fo'oluh; gSA bl ?kVuk dh izFke
lwpuk fjiksVZ dks lykg e'kfojk ds ckn v afdr
djk;k tkuk Hkh ugh a ik;k tkrk gSA

31. vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g
j[kk x;k fd oknh tXxh yky dh e`R;q gks tkus
ds dkj.k og lk{; esa izLrqr ugha gks ldkA
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 jke cnu rgjhj ys[kd
2 All. Ashok Kumar & Ors. Vs. State of U.P.
991
gS ftUgksusa fpd rgjhj dks njksxkth ds cksyus ij
fy[kus dh ckr dgh gS rks mYys[kuh; gS fd
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 jke cnu dks vfHk;kstu
dh vksj ls i{k nzksgh ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA mDr
lk{kh us ?kVuk dh rgjhj dks vius ys[k ,oa
gLrk{kj esa gksuk crkrs gq, izn'kZ d&1 ds :i esa
lkfcr fd;k gSA ,slh n'kk esa ;fn vfHk;kstu
lk{kh la[;k 3 jke cnu rgjhj ys[kd us ?kVuk
dh rgjhj dks njksxkth ds cksyus ij fy[kus dh
ckr dgh gS rks ek= mDr vk/kkj ij ?kVuk dh
izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ds lEca/k esa dksbZ foijhr
mi/kkj.kk dk;e djuk U;k;ksfpr izrhr ugha gksrk
gSA ,slh n'kk esa ge vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls j[ks
x;s mDr rdZ esa dksbZ cy ugha ikrs gSaA

32. vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g
j[kk x;k fd vfHk;kstu dh vksj ls ?kVuk ds
lEca/k esa ,d ek= vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 jke
lqesj dks ijhf{kr djk;k x;k gS tks ,d fgrc}
lk{kh gS rFkk mDr ,d ek= lk{kh dh lk{; ls
vihykFkhZx.k ds fo:} yxk;s x;s vkjksi dh lansg
ls ijs iqf"V ugha gksrh gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k
2 eksgu yky ftls ?kVuk dk izR;{kn'khZ lk{kh
gksuk crk;k x;k gS mlus vius c;ku esa
vfHk;kstu dFkkud dk leFkZu ugha fd;k gS vkSj
og i{k nzksgh ?kksf"kr gqvk gS rks mYys[kuh; gS fd
;fn vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 jke lqesj e`rd dk
HkkbZ gS rks ek= lEca/k ds vk/kkj ij mldh lk{;
dks iw.kZr% xyr ,oa vfo'oluh; eku ysuk
U;k;ksfpr izrhr ugha gksrk gSA

33. iatkc jkT; izfr tqxjkt flag ,oa vU;
2002 ,l0 lh0 lh0 1⁄4fdzfeuy1⁄2 630] 2012 1⁄411⁄2
ts0 lh0 vkj0 lh0 703 vfer cuke jkT; mRrj
izns'k] 2006 1⁄421⁄2 lh0 ,0 vkj0 lqizhe dksVZ ist
742 lqn'kZu jsM~Mh o vU; cuke vkU/kz izns'k rFkk
2003 ,l0 lh0 lh0 1⁄4fdzfeuy1⁄2 32 xaxk/kj csgjk
,oa vU; izfr jkT; mMhlk ds ekeys esa ekuuh;
mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ;g er O;Dr fd;k x;k
gS fd fdlh Hkh lk{kh dh lk{; dks ek= lEca/kh
gksus ds vk/kkj ij frjLd`r ugha fd;k tk ldrk
gSA dksbZ Hkh lk{kh dsoy lEca/kh gksus ek= ls
fgrc} lk{kh ugha gks tkrk gS tc rd lk{kh dk
>wBk Qalkus esa fgr fl} ugha fd;k tkrkA ;g Hkh
vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS fd ,d lEca/kh okLrfod
vijk/kh dks u rks fNik;sxk vkSj u gh fdlh
funksZ"k O;fDr dks Qalk;sxkA ;fn >wBk Qalk;s tkus
dk vk/kkj fy;k x;k gks ,sls ekeykas esa lEca/kh
lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; ij lko/kkuh iwoZd fopkj djus
dh vko';drk gksrh gSA 1⁄420181⁄2 6 lqizhe dksVZ
dslsl 591 HkkLdj jko ,oa vU; izfr jkT;
egkjk"Va ds ekeys esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky;
}kjk ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS fd%&

"35. The last case we need to
concern ourselves is Namodeo v. State of
Maharashtra, wherein this Court after
observing
previsous
precedents
has
summarised the law in the following
manner: : (SCC P. N164, Para "38. It is
clear that a close relative cannot be
characterised as an "interested' witness. He
is a "natural" witness. His evidence,
however, must be scrutinized carefully. If
on such scrutiny, his evidence is found to
be intrinsically reliable, inherently probable
and wholly trustworthy, conviction can be
based on the "sole" testimony of such
witness. Close relationship of witness with
the deceased or victim is no ground to
reject his evidence. On the contrary, close
relative of the deceased would normally be
most reluctant to spare the real culprit and
falsely implicate an innocent one."

36....From the study of the
aforesaid precedents of this court, we may
note that whoever has been a witness
before the court of law, having a strong
interest in result, if allowed to be weighed
in the same scales with those who do not
have any interest in the result, would be to
open the doors of the court for perverted
truth. This sound rule which remains the
bulwark of this system, and which
determines the value of evidence derived
from such sources, needs to be cautiously
and carefully obsered and enforced. There
is no dispute about the fact that the interest
of the witness must affect his testimony is a
universal truth. Moreover, under the
992 INDIAN LAW REPORTS ALLAHABAD SERIES
influence of bias, a man may not be in a
position to judge correctly even if they
earnestly desire to do so. Similarly, he may
not be in a position to provide evidence in
an impartail manner, when it involves his
interest. Under such influences, man will,
even though not consciously, suppress
some facts, soften or modify others, and
provide favourable colour. These are most
controlling considertions in respect to the
credibility of human testimony, and should
never be overlooked in applying the rules
of evidence and determining its weight in
the scale of truth under the facts and
circumstances of each case."

34. nkf.Md vihy la[;k 15 o"kZ 2002
yYyw eka>h ,oa vU; izfr jkT; >kj[kaM fu.khZr
fnukad 7 tuojh] 2003 ds ekeys esa ekuuh;
mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k
gS fd%&

"The law of Evidence does not
require any particular number of witnesses
to be examined in proof of a given fact.
However, faced with the testimoney of a
single witness, the Court may classify the
oral testimoney into three categories,
namely (i) wholly reliable, (ii) wholly
unreliable, and (iii) neither wholly reliable
nor wholly unreliable. In the first two
categories there may be no difficulty in
accepting or discarding the testimoney of
the single witness. The difficulty arises in
the third category of cases. The Court has
to be circumspect and has to look for
corroboration in material particulars by
reliable
testimoney,
direct
or
circumstantial,
before
acting
upon
testimoney of a single witness. { See-
Vadivelu Thevan etc. V. State of Madras,
AIR 1957 SC 614}."

35. 1⁄420141⁄2 1 ,l0 lh0 lh0 1⁄4fdz01⁄2 846]
1⁄420141⁄2 2 ,l0 lh0 lh0 455 ohj flag ,oa vU;
izfr jkT; mRrj izns'k ds ekeys esa ekuuh;
mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k
gS fd%&

"21. The legal system has laid
emphasis on value, weight and quality of
evidence
rather
than
on
quantity,
multiplicity or plurality of witnesses. It is
not the number of witnesses but quality of
their evidence which is important as there
is no requirement under the law of evidence
that any particular number of witnesses is
to be examined to prove/disprove a fact.
The evidence must be weighed and not
counted. It is quality and not quantity
which determines the adequacy of evidence
as has been provided under Section 134 of
the Evidence Act. As a general rule the
court can and may act on the testimony of a
single witness provided he is wholly
reliable. (Vide Vadivelu Thevar V. State of
Madras3, Kunju V. State of T.N.4, Bipin
Kumar Mondal V. State of W.B.5, Mahesh
V. State of M.P.6, Prithipal Singh V. State
of Punjab7, Kishan Chand V. State of
Haryana8 and Gulam Sarbar V. State of
Jharkhand9.)"

36. mYys[kuh; gS fd vfHk;kstu dh vksj
ls ?kVuk ds lanHkZ es a vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1
jke lqesj dks ijhf{kr djk;k x;k gS mlus vius
c;ku es a ;g dgk gS fd ?kVuk vkt ls yxHkx
nks lky ,d eghuk dh gSA ;g ?kVuk N% lk<s N%
cts 'kke dh gS mldk HkkbZ gjh yky xk ao ds gh
jk/ks';ke ds njokts cSBk FkkA eqyfteku v'kksd]
lUrks"k tks cjxnh ds gh jgus okys gSA gjh yky
ds Åij Qk;j fd;k D;ks afd tehu dk
eqyftekuks a ls gjhyky ls eqdnek py jgk Fkk
tSls gh Qk;j dh vkokt rFkk 'kksjxqy gqvk rc
og rFkk mldk HkkbZ tXxh yky rFkk xk ao ds
cgqr ls yksx nkSMdj x;sA tSls gh ge yksx ogk a
nkSMdj igqaps rks esok yky ds ?kj es a mldk HkkbZ
gjh yky ?kql jgk Fkk mlds ihNs rhuks a
eqyfteku nkSM jgs FksA v'kksd o lUrks"k vius
gkFk es a reapk fy, Fks o ohjsUnz vius gkFk es a
2 All. Ashok Kumar & Ors. Vs.