# Guljari & Anr. (In Jail) v. State of U.P

- **Citation:** (2021) 2 ILRA 426
- **Court:** High Court of Judicature at Allahabad
- **Decided:** 2021-02-08
- **Case number:** Criminal Appeal No. 2009 of 2007
- **Bench:** Bachchoo Lal, Subhash Chandra Sharma
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/allahabad-high-court/guljari-anr-in-jail-v-state-of-u-p-46815
- **Pages:** 12

## Headnote

A. Criminal Law - Code of Criminal
Procedure, 1973-Section 374(2) - Indian
Penal
Code,1860-Section
302/34application-rejection-interested
witness-reliability
of-close
relative
cannot
be
characterised
as
an
"interested witness"-however, must be
scrutinized carefully-if on such scrutiny,
evidence is found to be intrinsically
reliable, inherently probable and wholly
trustworthy, conviction can be based on
the "sole" testimony of such witnessClose relationship of witness with the
deceased or victim is no ground to be
reject his evidence-on the contrary,
close relative of the deceased would
normally be most reluctant to spare the
real culprit and falsely implicate an
innocent person-the trivial contradiction
of the statement can not create doubt
about the incident.(Para 48 to 51)

B. The relative of deceased disclosed
all the facts about the incident-PW-1
and PW-2 were present at the place of
occurrence-they
were
the
direct
evidence
or
eye-witness-while
statement of DW-1 is not reliable-
there was no previous enimity between
the accused and deceased and no
party-bandi-appellants murdered the
deceased with the common intention,
it has been proved beyond doubtaccused gets no benefit of defense
witness who stated that he did not see
the
occurrence
nor
the
place
of
incidence
is
his
place
of
sitting(baithak)-Hence, the trial court
rightly observed the evidence and did
no
irregularity
in
passing
the
order.(Para 52 to 58)

The appeal is rejected. (E-5)

List of Cases cited:-

## Text

_Characters 0–39,926 of 41,498. This is a partial read: ask again with offset=39926 for what follows._

426 INDIAN LAW REPORTS ALLAHABAD SERIES

24. This court is thankful to Shri Noor
Mohmmad and learned AGA for ably
assisting this Court in getting this old
matter disposed off.
----------
(2021)02ILR A426
APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CRIMINAL SIDE
DATED: ALLAHABAD 08.02.2021

BEFORE

THE HON'BLE BACHCHOO LAL, J.
THE HON'BLE SUBHASH CHANDRA
SHARMA, J.

Criminal Appeal No. 2009 of 2007
&
Criminal Appeal No. 947 of 2007

Guljari & Anr. ...Appellants (In Jail)
Versus
State of U.P. ...Opposite Party

Counsel for the Appellants:
Sri Surya Narayan, Sri Ali Hasan, Sri
Ishtiyaq Ali

Counsel for the Opposite Party:
A.G.A.

A. Criminal Law - Code of Criminal
Procedure, 1973-Section 374(2) - Indian
Penal
Code,1860-Section
302/34application-rejection-interested
witness-reliability
of-close
relative
cannot
be
characterised
as
an
"interested witness"-however, must be
scrutinized carefully-if on such scrutiny,
evidence is found to be intrinsically
reliable, inherently probable and wholly
trustworthy, conviction can be based on
the "sole" testimony of such witnessClose relationship of witness with the
deceased or victim is no ground to be
reject his evidence-on the contrary,
close relative of the deceased would
normally be most reluctant to spare the
real culprit and falsely implicate an
innocent person-the trivial contradiction
of the statement can not create doubt
about the incident.(Para 48 to 51)

B. The relative of deceased disclosed
all the facts about the incident-PW-1
and PW-2 were present at the place of
occurrence-they
were
the
direct
evidence
or
eye-witness-while
statement of DW-1 is not reliable-
there was no previous enimity between
the accused and deceased and no
party-bandi-appellants murdered the
deceased with the common intention,
it has been proved beyond doubtaccused gets no benefit of defense
witness who stated that he did not see
the
occurrence
nor
the
place
of
incidence
is
his
place
of
sitting(baithak)-Hence, the trial court
rightly observed the evidence and did
no
irregularity
in
passing
the
order.(Para 52 to 58)

The appeal is rejected. (E-5)

List of Cases cited:-

1. Yogesh Singh Vs Mahaveer Singh & anr.,
(2017) 11 SCC 195

2. Ramasheesh Rai Vs Jagdeesh Singh,(2005)
10 SCC 498

3. Subodh Nath & anr. Vs St. of Tripura,(2013)
CLJ 2308

4. Vipin Kumar Mondal Vs St. of W.B. ,(2010) 12
SCC 91

5. St. of Punj. Vs Jugraj Singh & anr.,(2002)
SCC (Cri) 630

6. Amit Vs St. of U.P. (2012) 1 JCRC 703

7. Sudarshan Reddy & anr. Vs St. of A.P.(2006)
2 CAR SC 742

8. Gangadhar Behra & anr. Vs St. of Ori.,(2003)
SCC (Cri.)

9. Bhaskar Rao & anr. Vs St. of Mah.,(2018) 6
SCC 591
2 All. Guljari & Anr. Vs. State of U.P.
427
(Delivered by Hon'ble Bachchoo Lal, J.)

1⁄4ekuuh; U;k;ewfrZ cPpw yky] }kjk iznRr fu.kZ;1⁄2

1. vihykFkhZx.k xqytkjh ,oa y{eh us
nkf.Md vihy la[;k 2009 o"kZ 2007 rFkk
vihykFkhZx.k cPpw flag ,oa lqesj us nkf.Md
vihy la[;k 947 o"kZ 2007 fo}ku vij l=
U;k;k/kh'k] 1⁄4Rofjr U;k;ky;1⁄2] la[;k 2] cnk;w¡ }kjk
l= ijh{k.k la[;k 98 o"kZ 2005 jkT; izfr
xqytkjh ,oa vU; esa ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa vkns'k
fnuk¡d 22&1&2007 ds fo:} ;ksftr dh gS
ftlds }kjk vihykFkhZx.k dks /kkjk 302 lifBr
/kkjk 34 Hkk0na0la0 ds vUrxZr vkthou dkjkokl
ds n.M ,oa izR;sd dks ikap&ikap gtkj :i;s ds
vFkZn.M ls nf.Mr fd;k x;kA vFkZn.M vnk u
djus dh fLFkfr esa izR;sd dks ,d&,d o"kZ dk
dBksj dkjkokl Hkqxrus dk vkns'k ikfjr fd;k
x;k gSA

2. mijksDr nksuksa vihysa ,d gh fu.kZ; ,oa
vkns'k ls lEcfU/kr gSA vr,o mDr nksuksa vihyksa
dk fuLrkj.k ,d lkFk fd;k tkrk gSA

3. nkSjku vihy] vihy la[;k 2009 o"kZ
2007 ds vihykFkhZ la[;k 2 y{eh ,oa vihy
la[;k 947 o"kZ 2007 ds vihykFkhZ la[;k 2 lqesj
dh e`R;q gks tkus ds dkj.k muds fy, vihy
vkns'k fnuk¡fdr 27&5&2019 ds }kjk mi'kfer
dh tk pqdh gSaA

4. vihyksa ds fuLrkj.k gsrq vko';d rF;
la{ksi esa bl izdkj gS fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k
1 jktohj us ,d rgjhj eqds'k ls fy[kokdj
fnuk¡d 5&8&2004 dks le; 21&30 cts Fkkuk
fclkSyh] ftyk cnk;w¡ esa bl vk'k; ds lkFk izLrqr
fd;k fd izkFkhZ jktohj iq= Fkku flag xzke
dj[ksM+h dk jgus okyk gSA izkFkhZ ds xk¡o ds
xqytkjh iq= lqEesj] y{eh iq= lk/kw] cPpw flag iq=
';ke yky o lqEesj iq= ';ke yky xk¡o ds ikl
rkykc ij tqavk [ksy jgs Fks mlh le; izkFkhZ dk
NksVk HkkbZ vkseiky Hkh ogk¡ igq¡p x;k mlus
iqfyl dks lwpuk nsus dh ckr dgh blh ckr ij
mu yksxksa ls dgklquh gks x;h mlds HkkbZ ds lkFk
mlds xk¡o dk jke izdk'k iq= bUnj o jes'k iq=
jksgu flag Hkh FksA dgklquh gksus ds ckn mldk
HkkbZ jes'k o jke izdk'k ds lkFk okil ?kj vk
jgk Fkk mlh le; xqytkjh o mijksDr pkjksa yksx
Hkkxdj vius vius ?kj igq¡ps o cUnwds vkSj reaps
gkFkks esa ysdj nkSMdj vk;s vkSj le; djhc lk

5. oknh dh mDr fyf[kr rgjhj izn'kZ d&1
ds vk/kkj ij vihykFkhZx.k ds fo:} /kkjk 302
Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr Fkkuk ij eqdnek i¡thd`r
fd;k x;kA fpd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ izn'kZ d&13
rFkk dk;eh eqdnek ls lEcfU/kr th0 Mh0 dh
izfr izn'kZ d& 14 gSA

6. ekeys dh foospuk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k
6 vksadkj flag 1⁄4izHkkjh fujh{kd1⁄2 }kjk lEiUu dh x;h
mUgksaus oknh jktohj rFkk xokgku uUgw o jke izdk'k
ds c;ku vafdr fd;sA ?kVukLFky ij tkdj oknh
dh fu'kkunsgh ij ?kVukLFky dk fujh{k.k fd;kA
?kVukLFky ls cjken nks [kks[kk dkjrwl 12 cksj rFkk
feV~Vh [kwu vkywn o lknh feV~Vh dks vyx vyx
fMCcksa esa j[kdj lhy eksgj dj mudh QnZ dze'k%
izn'kZ d&10 o 11 vius gejkgh ,l0 ,l0 vkbZ0
jk/ks';ke fuMj ls rS;kj djk;hA ?kVukLFky dk
fujh{k.k dj uD'kk utjh izn'kZ d&15 rS;kj fd;kA

7. vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 jk/ks';ke fuMj
1⁄4,l0 ,l0 vkbZ01⁄2 }kjk e`rd ds 'ko dk
iapk;rukek izn'kZ d&3] pkyku uk'k izn'kZ d&4]
QksVks yk'k izn'kZ d&5] uewuk eksgj izn'kZ d&6]
fpV~Bh vkj0 vkbZ0 izn'kZ d&7] izi= la[;k 33
izn'kZ d&8 ,oa fpV~Bh eq[; fpfdRlkf/kdkjh izn'kZ
d&9 rS;kj fd;s rFkk e`rd ds 'ko dks loZ eksgj
gkyr esa dkaLVsfcy fujatu flag ds }kjk 'ko ijh{k.k
gsrq fHktok;kA

8. vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6 vksadkj flag
1⁄4izHkkjh fujh{kd1⁄2 }kjk iapk;rukek ds xokgku rFkk
?kVuk ds xokg dqaojiky o jes'k ds c;ku vafdr
fd;s rFkk foospuk lEca/kh leLr dk;Zokgh iw.kZ dj
vihykFkhZx.k ds fo:} vkjksii= izn'kZ d&12
vUrxZr /kkjk 302 Hkk0 na0 la0 U;k;ky; izsf"kr
fd;kA

9. vihykFkhZx.k ds eqdnesa dks fopkj.k gsrq
rRdkyhu eq[; U;kf;d eftLVsaV] cnk;w¡ us vius
428 INDIAN LAW REPORTS ALLAHABAD SERIES
vkns'k fnukad 8&2&2005 ds }kjk l= U;k;ky;
ds lqiqnZ fd;k x;kA

10. fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk
vihykFkhZx.k ds fo:} /kkjk 302 lifBr /kkjk 34
Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr vkjksi fojfpr fd;k x;kA
vihykFkhZx.k }kjk vkjksi ls badkj fd;k x;k rFkk
ijh{k.k dh ekax dh x;hA

11. vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls vius dFku ds
leFkZu esa vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 jktohj flag
1⁄4oknh1⁄2] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw] vfHk;kstu
lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡ojiky] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 4
MkDVj vkj0 ,l0 ;kno] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5
ofj"B mifujh{kd] jk/ks';ke fuMj] vfHk;kstu lk{kh
6 vksadkj flag 1⁄4izHkkjh fujh{kd1⁄2 ,oa vfHk;kstu lk{kh
la[;k 7 jkt _f"k 'kekZ 1⁄4dakLVsfcy@DydZ1⁄2 dks
ijhf{kr djk;k x;k gSA

12. vihykFkhZx.k dk c;ku /kkjk 313
na0iaz0la0 ds vUrxZr vafdr fd;k x;k ftlesa
mUgksus xk¡o dh ikVhZcUnh ds ds dkj.k >waBk Qlk;k
tkuk crk;kA

13. vihykFkhZ xqytkjh us vius c;ku
vUrxZr /kkjk 313 na0 iz0 la0 esa ;g dgk gS fd
e`rd fgLVah'khVj cnek'k FkkA ntZuksa eqdnesa mlds
fo:} fopkjk/khu FksA xk¡o dh ikVhZcUnh ds dkj.k
mls xyr Qalk fn;k x;k gSA

14. vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls vius cpko esa
cpko lk{kh la[;k 1 ds :i esa dYyw dks ijhf{kr
djk;k x;k gSA

15. fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us mHk; i{k dks
lqudj rFkk i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; ,oa
vfHkys[kksa ij lE;d fopkj djus ds mijkUr
vihykFkhZx.k dks iz'uxr vijk/k esa nks"kh ikrs gq,
mijksDrkuqlkj nf.Mr fd;k gS ftlls {kqC/k gksdj
vihykFkhZx.k us mijksDr vihysa bl U;k;ky; esa
;ksftr dh gSA

16. vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls muds fo}ku
vf/koDrk Jh bf'r;kd vyh] jkT; dh vksj ls Jh
jru flag fo}ku vij 'kkldh; vf/koDRkk dks
foLrkjiwoZd lquk rFkk i=koyh ,oa iz'uxr fu.kZ;
o vkns'k dk lE;d ifj'khyu fd;kA

17. vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls eq[; :i ls
;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k fd vihykFkhZx.k funksZ"k
gS mUgsa xk¡o dh ikVhZcUnh ds dkj.k >waBk Qlk;k
x;k gSA izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa e`rd dks uRFkwyky
ds ?kj ds ikl xksyh ekjdj mldh gR;k djus
dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS tc fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh
la[;k 1 jktohj flag] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2
uUgw rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡ojiky us
vius c;kuksa esa lkfyx ds IykV ds ikl e`rd dks
xksyh ekjus dk mYys[k fd;k gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh
la[;k 1 jktohj flag us e`rd dk 'ko izkbejh
Ldwy ds ikl ik;s tkus dk mYys[k fd;k gSA bl
rjg ?kVukLFky ds lEca/k esa izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa
vafdr rF; o xokgksa ds c;kuksa esa fHkUurk gSA
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw rFkk vfHk;kstu
lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky us vfHk;qDrksa dks mRrj
fn'kk dh vksj ls vkus vkSj ?kVuk ds i'pkr mRrj
fn'kk dh vksj Hkkxus dk mYys[k fd;k gS tc fd
vfHk;kstu
lk{kh
la[;k
6
vksadkj
flag
1⁄4foospukf/kdkjh1⁄2 us vius c;ku esa ;g mYys[k
fd;k gS fd uUgw 1⁄4xokg1⁄2 us ,slk dksbZ c;ku ugha
fn;k Fkk fd ekjus okys mRrj fn'kk dh vksj ls
vk;s Fks vkSj mRrj fn'kk dh vksj gh Hkkx x;sA
;g Hkh dgk gS fd dq¡oj iky 1⁄4xokg1⁄2 us ,slk
c;ku ugha fn;k Fkk fd eqyfte xqytkjh] y{eh]
lqEesj o cPpw flag NksVh xaxk ;kfu mRrj dh
fn'kk ls vk jgs Fks cfYd uD'kk utjh esa mlus
eqyfteku dks ?kVukLFky ij if'pe fn'kk ls vkus
vkSj if'pe fn'kk dh vksj gh Hkkx tkuk n'kkZ;k
gSA ,slh n'kk esa vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw o
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky dh
?kVukLFky ij mifLFkfr lafnX/k gks tkrh gSA ;g
Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1
jktohj flag ?kVuk dk izR;{kn'khZ lk{kh ugha gSA
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw o vfHk;kstu lk{kh
la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky us vius c;kuksa esa ;g crk;k
gS fd os ?kVuk ds le; dYyw ds cSBd esas cSBs Fks
tc fd mDr rF; dh iqf"V dYyw ftls
vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls vius cpko esa cpko
lk{kh la[;k 1 ds :i esa ijhf{kr djk;k x;k gS
mlus ugh dh gSA blds foijhr cpko lk{kh
2 All. Guljari & Anr. Vs. State of U.P.
429
la[;k 1 dYyw us ;g dgk gS fd og dq¡oj iky
1⁄4xokg1⁄2 mlds lkFk mldh nqdku ds lkeus ugha
cSBk Fkk mlus o dq¡oj iky us vkseiky dh gR;k
djrs gq, fdlh dks ugha ns[kk gSA ;g Hkh rdZ
j[kk x;k fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6 vksadkj
flag 1⁄4foospukf/kdkjh1⁄2 us uD'kk utjh esa vfHk;kstu
lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw ds cSBus ds LFkku dks ugha
n'kkZ;k gSA ,slh n'kk esa vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2
uUgw dh ?kVukLFky ij mifLFkfr lansg ls ijs
lkfcr ugha gksrh gSA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd
izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa tqavk okys LFkku ls e`rd
dks jes'k o jke izdk'k ds lkFk okil ykSVus dk
mYys[k fd;k x;k gS vkSj mlh le; eqyfteku
}kjk e`rd dh xksyh ekjdj gR;k djus dk
mYys[k fd;k x;k gS ijUrq vfHk;kstu dh vksj ls
jes'k o jke izdk'k dks lk{; esa ijhf{kr ugha
djk;k x;k gSA ?kVuk ds lEca/k esa fdlh LorU=
,oa fu"i{k lk{kh dks ijhf{kr ugha djk;k x;kA
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 jktohj flag rFkk
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky e`rd ds lxs
HkkbZ gS rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw mudk
eesjk HkkbZ gS tks fgrc} lk{kh gS mudh lk{;
lansg ls ijs fo'oluh; ugha gSA ?kVuk dk dksbZ
gsrqd ugha Fkk vkSj u gh ?kVuk ds gsrqd ds lEca/k
esa dksbZ lk{; gh i=koyh ij miyC/k gSA izFke
lwpuk fjiksVZ esa ;g mYys[k fd;k x;k gS fd
eqyfteku xk¡o ds ikl rkykc ij tqavk [ksy jgs
Fks mlh le; e`rd ogka igqap x;k mlus iqfyl
dks lwpuk nsus dh ckr dgh blh ckr ij
eqyfteku ls mldh dgklquh gksus dk mYys[k
fd;k x;k gS ijUrq vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1
jktohj flag] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw rFkk
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky u rks tqaok
okys LFkku ij x;s Fks vkSj u gh mUgksaus tqavk
[ksyrs o okn fookn gksrs gq, ns[kk gSA ,slh n'kk
esa ?kVuk dk gsrqd lkfcr ugha gSA e`rd ,d
vijkf/kd izo`fRr dk O;fDr Fkk mlds fo:} xqaMk
o xSaxLVj ,DV ds vUrxZr eqdnesa iathd`r Fks
rFkk mldh gR;k fdUgh vKkr O;fDr;ksa }kjk
dkfjr fd;s tkus dh lEHkkouk ls badkj ugha
fd;k tk ldrk gS ijUrq fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky;
us mDr lEca/k esa lE;d fopkj ugha fd;k gSA
rF; ds xokgksa ds c;kuksa esa fHkUurk gSA
vihykFkhZx.k ds fo:} yxk;s x;s vkjksi lansg ls
ijs lkfcr ugha gSA ,slh n'kk esa fo}ku fopkj.k
U;k;ky; dk iz'uxr fu.kZ; ,oa vkns'k fof/k
laxr ugha gS ,oa fujLr gksus ;ksX; gSA

18. blds foijhr fo}ku vij 'kkldh;
vf/koDrk }kjk ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k fd
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 jktohj flag] vfHk;kstu
lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3
dq¡oj iky us vius vius c;kuksa esa vfHk;kstu
dFkkud dh Hkyh Hkk¡fr iqf"V dh gS rFkk muds
c;kuksa esa ,slh dksbZ folaxfr ugh vk;h gS ftlls
dh ?kVuk ds lEca/k esa dksbZ lansg O;Dr fd;k tk
lds cfYd mijksDr lk{khx.k dh lk{; ls ;g
Hkyh
Hkk¡fr
fl}
gS
fd
dfFkr
?kVuk
vihykFkhZx.k@vfHk;qDrx.k }kjk gh dkfjr dh
x;h gS vkSj mUgksaus ,d jk; gksdj xksyh ekjdj
e`rd dh gR;k dh gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky;
us i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; ,oa vfHkys[kksa
ij lE;d fopkj djus ds mijkUr vihykFkhZx.k
dks iz'uxr vijk/k esa nks"kfl} ,oa nf.Mr fd;k
gS ftlesa dksbZ fof/kd =qfV vFkok vfu;ferrk
ugha gSA

19. mYys[kuh; gS fd ;g ?kVuk fnuk¡d
5&8&2004 le; 6&30 cts 'kke dh crk;h x;h
gS vkSj bl ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ mlh
fnu fnuk¡d 5&8&2004 dks le; 21&30 cts
Fkkus ij ntZ djk;h x;h gSA ?kVukLFky ls Fkkus
dh nwjh 11&00 fdeh- n'kkZ;h x;h gSA ?kVukLFky
ls Fkkus dh nwjh dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, rFkk ?kVuk
ds leLr rF; ,oa ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij lE;d fopkj
djus ds mijkUr gekjs fopkj ls ?kVuk dh izFke
lwpuk fjiksVZ esa dksbZ vuko';d foyEc ugha ik;k
tkrk gSA bl ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 jktohj flag }kjk Fkkus
ij ntZ djk;h x;h FkhA bl lk{kh us vius c;ku
esa ?kVuk dh rgjhj eqds'k dqekj 'kekZ ls
cksy&cksy dj fy[kokus dk mYys[k fd;k gS rFkk
rgjhj dks izn'kZ d&1 ds :i esa lkfcr fd;k gSA

20. vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 7 jkt _f"k
'kekZ us vius c;ku esa ;g mYys[k fd;k gS fd
fnuk¡d 5&8&2004 dks og Fkkuk fclkSyh esa
dkaLVsfcy@DydZ ds in ij dk;Zjr Fkk ml fnu
oknh jktohj iq= Fkku flag dh rgjhj ds vk/kkj
ij vijk/k la[;k 521 o"kZ 2004] /kkjk 302 Hkk0
430 INDIAN LAW REPORTS ALLAHABAD SERIES
na0 la0 fpd la[;k 117 o"kZ 2004 le; 21&30
ij vafdr dh Fkh rFkk bldk [kqyklk th0 Mh0 esa
jiV la[;k 49 lka; 21&30 ij fd;k FkkA bl
lk{kh us fpd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ dks izn'kZ d&13
rFkk eqdnek dk;eh ls lEcfU/kr th0 Mh0 dh
izfr izn'kZ d&14 dks vius ys[k ,oa gLrk{kj esa
crkrs gq, lkfcr fd;k gS rFkk bl lk{kh us uD'kk
utjh dks Hkh vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6 vksadkj
flag 1⁄4,l0 ,p0 vks01⁄2 ds ys[k ,oa gLrk{kj esa
gksuk crkrs gq, izn'kZ d&15 ds :i esa lkfcr
fd;k gSA bl lk{kh dh ftjg esa bl rjg dh
,slh dksbZ ckr ugha vk;h gS ftlls dh izFke
lwpuk fjiksVZ ds lEca/k esa dksbZ lansg O;Dr fd;k
tk ldsA cfYd ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ
vfHk;kstu ds dFkukuqlkj fnuk¡d 5&8&2004 dks
le; 21&30 cts ntZ fd;k tkuk fl} gSA

21. e`rd vkseiky ds 'ko dk 'ko
foPNsnu vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 4 MkDVj vkj0
,l0 ;kno }kjk fnuk¡d 6&8&2004 le; 3&30
ih0 ,e0 ij fd;k x;k FkkA bl lk{kh us vius
c;ku esa ;g crk;k gS fd fnuk¡d 6&8&2004
dks og ftyk vLirky cnk;wa esa ltZu ds in
ij rSukr FkkA ml fnu mlus e`rd vkseiky
mez yxHkx 28 o"kZ iq= Fkku flag] fuoklh
dj[ksMh] Fkkuk fclkSyh ftyk cnk;wa ds 'ko
ftls loZ eksgj gkyr esa ,l0 vks0] Fkkuk
fclkSyh }kjk Hkstk x;k Fkk rFkk 'ko lhy can
gkyr esa Fkk bls ykus okys lh0 ih0 ua0 427
fujatu flag ;kno Fkkuk fclkSyh ds FksA lhys
nq:Lr ik;h x;h FkhA e`rd ds 'ko dk 'ko
ijh{k.k fd;k FkkA

22. okg~; ijh{k.k%&

e`rd vkSlr dn dkBh dk FkkA vk¡[k
o eq¡g [kqyk gqvk FkkA e`R;q ds i'pkr vdMu
vij fyEc o yksvj fyEc esa ekStwn FkhA lMu
dk dksbZ y{k.k ekStwn ugha FkkA

e`rd ds 'kjhj ij fuEufyf[kr
e`R;qiwoZ dh pksVsa ik;h x;h%&

1⁄411⁄2 Qk;j vkeZ oqUM vkWQ ,UVah ?kko
3 X 3 lseh ljdqyj bu lsi Nkrh ij nk¡;s
Hkkx ij 6 lseh uhpsA nkfgus dkyj cksu ls
uhpsA dSfoVh Mhi CySdsfuax VSVqbax iztsUV FkhA

1⁄421⁄2 vkXus;kL= ds ?kqlus dk fu'kku 3
X 4 lseh Nkrh ds cka;s Hkkx ij ckgj dh rjQ
cka;s fuiy ls 10 lseh uhpsA dSfoVh Mhi
CySdsfuxa ,oa VSVqbax iztsUV FkhA

1⁄431⁄2 vkXus;kL= ?kqlus dk ?kko 3 X 2
lseh ihB esa cka;h rjQ Lumbar jhtu ls 2 lseh
nwj CySdsfuax VSVqbax iztsUV FkhA

1⁄441⁄2 vkXus;kL= ds fudkl dk ?kko 2
X 2 lseh nkfgus psLV ds ckgjh rjQ nkfgus
fuiy ds 4 lseh uhps ekftZu ,ojfVM FkkA

23. vkarfjd ijh{k.k%&

LdsYi ,.M Ldy ukeZy FkkA f>fYy;ka
ukeZy] efLr"d ukeZy djksfV dk vk/kkj ukeZy]
jh< dk Nyyk ukeZyA es: jTtw [kksyk ugha
x;kA vfrfjDRk fo'ks"k fooj.k 'kwU;A

24. FkkjsDl%&

jkbV Iywjy dSfoVh esa 13 NjsZ o ,d
fVdyh feyhA cka;h Iywjy dSfoVh esa Ms< yhVj
CyM o 12 NjsZ feys] ySfjaDl o Vsafd;k ukeZy FkkA
nkfguk o cka;k QsQMk QVk gqvkA g`n; jkbV
psEcj esa tek [kwu ekStwn o cka;k pSEcj [kkyh
FkkA

25. mnj%&

fHkfRr;ka dUtsLVsM FkhA dSfoVh esa 9
NjsZ FksA nkr 16@15 vkek'k; o mldh varj
oLrq;sa] vkek'k; yslhjsfVM o datSfLVM FkkA dksbZ
[kkuk ugha Fkk o ,d fVdyh feyh FkhA ;d`r
yslhjsfVM otu 11&00 xzke ew=k'k; [kkyh]
tutkax esy v¡x FksA

26. MkDVj ds vuqlkj e`R;q dk dkj.k
'kkd o gSejst e`R;qiwoZ vk;h pksVksa ds dkj.k FkkA
;g Hkh dgk gS fd 'kjhj ds vUnj ls ftrus NjsZ
o fVdyh feyh og lkFk vk;s dkaLVsfcy dks
fjlho djk;k o 'kjhj ls 4 diMs Hkh lhy djds
dkaLVsfcy dks izkIr djk;s FksA ;g Hkh dgk gS fd
e`rd dh e`R;q yxHkx ,d fnu iwoZ gqbZ Fkh ;kfu
;s pksVsa fnuk¡d 5&8&2004 dks 'kke ds N% cts
2 All. Guljari & Anr. Vs. State of U.P.
431
vkuk lEHko gSA bl lk{kh us e`rd dh iksLVekVZe
fjiksVZ dks izn'kZ d&2 ds :i esa lkfcr fd;k gSA

27. fpfdRlh; lk{; ds voyksdu ls ;g
Li"V gS fd e`rd ds 'kjhj ij e`R;qiwoZ dh pkj
pksVsa ik;h x;h gS ftuesa pksV la[;k 1] 2 o 3
vkXus;kL= ds izos'k ?kko ds :i esa gS rFkk pksV
la[;k 4 vkXus;kL= ds fudkl ?kko ds :i esa
gSA

28. ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ,oa
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 jktohj flag]
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw rFkk vfHk;kstu
lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky dh lk{; esa ;g vk;k
gS fd vihykFkhZx.k xqytkjh] y{eh] lqEesj o
cPpw us e`rd dh xksfy;ka ekjdj gR;k dj nhA
e`rd dks vihykFkhZx.k }kjk xksfy;ka ekjdj
gR;k djus dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS mDr rF;
dh iqf"V fpfdRlh; lk{; ls gksrh gSA vr,o
i=koyh ij miyC/k lk{; ls ;g lkfcr gS fd
e`rd dh gR;k dfFkr ?kVuk ds le;
vkXus;kL= ls xksfy;ka ekjdj dh x;h FkhA

29. vc fopkj.kh; iz'u ;g gS fd D;k
e`rd dh gR;k vihykFkhZx.k }kjk dh x;h gS
vFkok ughaA

30. ?kVuk ds lEca/k esa vfHk;kstu dh
vksj ls vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 jktohj flag]
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw rFkk vfHk;kstu
lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky dks ijhf{kr djk;k
x;k gSA

31. vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 jktohj
flag us vius c;ku esa ;g dgk gS fd djhc
,d lky lkr eghus igys dh ckr gS 'kke ds
lks cksydj lqukbZ tks mlus fy[kk Fkk fQj
mlus ml ij gLrk{kj dj fn, vkSj rgjhj
Fkkus esa njksxkth dks ys tkdj nhA mUgksaus
eqdnek dk;e djkdj jiV dh udy mls
fnyokbZA bl lk{kh us rgjhj izn'kZ d&1 dks
lkfcr fd;k gSA ;g Hkh dgk gS fd tc og
Fkkus fjiksVZ fy[kkus x;k Fkk rks og yk'k ekSds
ij gh NksM x;k FkkA

32. vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw us vius
c;ku esa ;g dgk gS fd vkt ls djhc ikSus nks
lky dh ckr gSA 'kke ds yxHkx N% cts dk
le; Fkk og vkSj dq¡oj dYyw dh cSBd esa cSBs FksA
vkseiky vkSj jes'k tqavk es ls vk jgs FksA lkfyx
ds IykV ds ikl tSls gh vkseiky vkSj jes'k vk;s
rHkh mlds xkao ds xqytkjh] y{eh] cPpw vkSj
lqEesj ds gkFkksa esa cUnwd o reaps FksA pkjksa us
vkseiky dks lkfyx ds IykV ds ikl ?ksj fy;k
vkSj Qk;fjax djds vkseiky dks xksyh ekjh]
vkseiky fxj iMkA ge yksxksa us 'kksj epk;k rHkh
pkjksa eqyfteku Hkkx x;sA rHkh xkao ds vkSj Hkh
dkQh yksx bdV~Bs gks x;sA eqyfteku dks mlus
vkSj dq¡oj iky nksuks us yydkjk Fkk rHkh
eqyfteku Hkkx x;s FksA

33. vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky us
vius c;ku esa ;g dgk gS fd vkt ls ,d lky
vkB eghuk igys dh ckr gSA 'kke ds lk<s N%
cts dk le; Fkk og dYy w dh cSBd es a cSBk
Fkk tks mlds xk ao ds gSa mlds lkFk mlds xk ao
dk uUgw Hkh FkkA vkseiky tqa, es a ls vk jgk Fkk
mlds lkFk izdk'k o vkseiky Fkk vkSj jes'k Hkh
FksA tqavk cMh xaxk dh rjQ ;kfu nf{k.k dh
rjQ gks jgk FkkA xqytkjh] y{eh] lqEesj o cPp w
flag NksVh xaxk ;kfu mRrj dh rjQ ls vk jgs
FksA buds gkFkks a nks ij cUn wd o nks ij reaps
FksA bu yksxks a us ,d gokbZ Qk;j fd;k rHkh
jes'k o jke izdk'k Hkkx x;s rHkh mijksDr pkjks a
eqyfteku vkseiky dks lkfyx ds IykV ds ikl
?ksj fy;k ogk a mUgks aus vkseiky dks xksyh ekj
nhA xksfy;k a yxus ds ckn vkseiky ej x;kA
mlus vkseiky ds Åij eqyfteku dks Qk;j djrs
gq, ns[kk rks mlus eqyfteku dks yydkjk rHkh
pkjks a eqyfteku Hkkx x;sA mijksDr rhuks a
lkf{k;ks a us vius vius c;kuks a es a vihykFkhZx.k
}kjk xksyh ekjdj e`rd dh gR;k djus dh iqf"V
dh gSA

34. vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g
j[kk x;k fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky
us viuh ftjg esa ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd mldk
HkkbZ jktohj falg 1⁄4vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 11⁄2
?kVuk ds ckn vk;k Fkk blls ;g tkfgj gksrk gS
fd ?kVuk ds le; vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1
432 INDIAN LAW REPORTS ALLAHABAD SERIES
jktohj flag ekSds ij ekStwn ugha Fkk rks
mYys[kuh; gS fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw
rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky nksuksa us
Lo;a dks dYyw ds cSBd esa ekStwn gksus dk mYys[k
fd;k gSA uD'kk utjh esa foospukf/kdkjh us dYyw
ds edku dks v{kj ch0 ,Dl0 ls rFkk ?kVukLFky
dks v{kj ,0 ,Dl0 ls n'kkZ;k gS rFkk v{kj ,0
,Dl0 ls v{kj ch0 ,Dl0 dh nwjh 25 dne
n'kkZ;h x;h gSA v{kj ,0 ,Dl0 LFkku ls v{kj
ch0 ,Dl0 LFkku ds chp fdlh dk edku gksuk
ugha n'kkZ;k x;k gS cfYd [kkyh IykV Jh lkfyx
dk n'kkZ;k x;k gS vkSj blh lkfyx ds IykV ds
ikl e`rd dh gR;k eqyfteku }kjk djus dh ckr
dgh x;h gSA v{kj ch0 ,Dl0 LFkku ls v{kj ,0
,Dl0 LFkku dh nwjh ek= 25 dne fn[kk;h x;h
gSA vr,o 25 dne dh nwjh ls xokgksa }kjk
eqyfteku dks ?kVuk dkfjr djrs gq, ns[kuk o
igpkuuk LokHkkfod gSA

35. vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g
j[kk x;k fd foospukf/kdkjh us v{kj ch0 ,Dl0
LFkku ij ,d ek= xokg vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k
3 dq¡oj iky dks cSBus dk mYys[k fd;k gS rFkk
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw ds cSBus ds LFkku
dks ekufp= esa ugha n'kkZ;k gS rks mYys[kuh; gS
fd ;fn foospukf/kdkjh us vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k
2 uUgw ds cSBus ds LFkku dks uD'kk utjh esa ugha
n'kkZ;k gS rks ek= mDr vk/kkj ij vfHk;kstu
lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw dh ekSds ij mifLFkfr ds
lEca/k esa lansg dk dksbZ vk/kkj izrhr ugha gksrk gS
cfYd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw rFkk
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky dh lk{; ls
;g lkfcr gS fd muds }kjk ;g ?kVuk ns[kh x;h
gSA

36. vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g
j[kk x;k fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw us
viuh ftjg esa ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd fdl
eqyfte ds ikl cUnwd o fdlds ikl reaps Fks
bldh mls tkudkjh ugha gSA fdl eqyfte us
fdrus Qk;j fd;s bldh mls tkudkjh ugha gSA
fdl eqyfte dk Qk;j e`rd ds yxk bldh mls
tkudkjh ugha gSA djhc nks xt dh nwjh ls Qk;j
fd;s x;s FksA lcls igys fdl eqyfte us o
lcls ckn esa fdlus Qk;j fd;k bldh tkudkjh
mls ugha gSA blls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd bl
lk{kh us ?kVuk gksrs gq, ugha ns[kk rks mYys[kuh;
gS fd ek= mDr vk/kkj ij bl lk{kh dh
?kVukLFky ij mifLFkfr ds lEca/k esa lansg djus
dk ge dksbZ vk/kkj ugha ikrs gSA tgk¡ ij
pkj&pkj O;fDr vlygksa ls ySl gks vkSj muds
}kjk Qk;j djds e`rd dh gR;k dkfjr dh x;h
gks rks ,slh fLFkfr esa lkekU;r% yksx ;g fxuus
dk iz;kl ugha djrs fd fdlus fdrus Qk;j fd;s
rFkk fdldk Qk;j igys gqvk vkSj fdldk ckn
esa D;ksafd tgk¡ e`rd ij vkXus;kL= ls Qk;j
fd;k tkrk gS rks eksVs rkSj ij xokg ls ;gh
vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd mlus e`rd ij Qk;j gksrs
gq, ns[kk gS vFkok ughaA mDr lk{kh us vius
c;ku esa ?kVuk ds le; pkjksa vihykFkhZx.k }kjk
e`rd ij Qk;j djus dh ckr dgh gSA bl lk{kh
dh lk{; ls ;g rF; lkfcr gS fd vihykFkhZx.k
}kjk e`rd ij cUnwdksa ,oa reapksa ls Qk;j fd;s
x;s gSaA

37. vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g
j[kk x;k fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky
us viuh ftjg esa ;g dgk gS fd igys xqytkjh
us xksyh pykbZ mlds HkkbZ o xqytkjh esas ik¡p xt
dk Qklyk FkkA nwljh xksyh y{eh us pykbZA
pkjksa eqyfteku us ,d txg ?ksjdj xksyh pykbZ
FkhA mlds HkkbZ dh lqEesj us dkSfy;k Hkjh FkhA
mlus dkSfy;k Hkjus okyh ckr njksxkth dks crk;h
FkhA igys xksyh xqytkjh us nwljh y{eh us ekjh
FkhA vkxs ;g Hkh dgk gS fd fdlh eqyfte us
ml ij] uUgw o dYyw ij dksbZ okj ugha fd;k
FkkA dqy pkj Qk;j gq, FksA pkjksa us ,d&,d
Qk;j fd;k FkkA ,d gokbZ Qk;j gqvk Fkk] gokbZ
Qk;j cPpw us fd;k Fkk tc fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh
la[;k 2 uUgw us fdlh eqyfte }kjk e`rd dh
dkSyh Hkjus dk mYys[k ugha fd;k gSA ,slh n'kk esa
mijksDr nksuks lkf{k;ksa ds dFkuksa esa fojks/kkHkkl gS
rks mYys[kuh; gS ekewyh folaxfr ds vk/kkj ij
lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; dks vfo'oluh; eku ysuk
U;k;ksfpr izrhr ugha gksrk gSA tgk¡ xksyh py jgh
gks ogka yksx loZizFke Lo;a dks cpkus dk iz;Ru
djrs gS vkSj eksVsa rkSj ij ;gh ns[krs gS fd fdrus
yksxksa us fdl rjg e`rd dh gR;k dh gSA
mijksDr nksuksa lkf{k;ksa us pkjksa vihykFkhZx.k ds
ukeksa dk mYys[k fd;k gS rFkk pkjksa ds ikl
2 All. Guljari & Anr. Vs. State of U.P.
433
gfFk;kj crk;k gS vkSj ?kVuk ds le; pkjksa ds
}kjk Qk;j djus dh ckr dgh x;h gSA ,slh n'kk
esa bl ?kVuk esa vihykFkhZx.k dh mifLFkfr vFkok
mudh lgHkkfxrk ds lEca/k esa lansg dk dksbZ
vk/kkj ugha ik;k tkrk gSA cfYd nksuksa lkf{k;ksa dh
lk{; ls ;g Hkyh Hkk¡fr fl} gS fd vihykFkhZx.k
us dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; ,d jk; gksdj e`rd dh
xksyh ekjdj gR;k dj nh gSA

38. 1⁄420171⁄2 11 ,l0 lh0 lh0 195 ;ksxs'k
flag izfr egkchj flag ,oa vU; eas ekuuh;
mPpre U;k;ky; us ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k gS fd%&

29. It is well settled in law that
the minor discepancies are not to be given
undue emphasis and the evidence is to be
considered from the point of view of
trustworthiness. The test is whether the
same inspires confidence in the mind of the
court. If the evidence is incredible and
cannot be accepted by the test of prudence,
then it may create a dent in the prosecution
version. If an omission or discrepancy goes
to the root of the matter and ushers in
incongruities,
the
defence
can
take
advantage of such inconsistencies. It needs
no special emphasis to state that every
omission cannot take place of a matertial
omission
and,
therefore,
minor
contradictions,
inconsistencies
or
insignificant embellishment do not affect
the core of the prosecution case and should
not be taken to be a ground to reject the
prosecution evidence. The omission should
create
a
serious
doubt
about
the
truthfulness or creditworthiness of a
witness. It is only the serious contradictions
and omissions which materially affect the
case of the prosecution but not every
contradictions or omission. (See Rammi v.
State of M.P., Leela Ram v. State of
Haryana , Bihari Nath Goswami v. Shiv
Kumar Singh, Vijay v. State of M.P., ,
Sampath Kumar v. Inspector of Police,
Shyamal Ghosh v. State of W.B. and
Mritunjoy Biswas v. Pranab.)

39. ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us 2005
1⁄4101⁄2 ,l0 lh0 lh0 498 jkek'kh"k jk; izfr
txnh'k flag esa ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k gS fd%&

"Every
discrepancy
in
the
prosecution witness cannot be teated as
fatal. The discrepancy which does not
affect the prosectuion case materially does
not create infirmity."

40. ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us 2013
fdzfeuy yk tujy 2308 lqcks/k ukFk ,oa vU;
izfr jkT; f=iqjk esa ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k gS fd%&

"Unless,the
discrepancies
are
"material discrepancies" so as to create a
reasonable doubt about the credibility of
the witnesses, the Court will not discard the
evidence of the witnesses."

41. mijksDr vfHk;kstu lk{kh 2 uUgw ,oa
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky dh lk{; esa
ge ,slk dksbZ fojks/kkHkkl ugha ikrs gS ftlls dh
mudh ?kVuk ds le; ekSds ij mifLFkfr ds
lEca/k esa dksbZ lansg O;Dr fd;k tk ldsA
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw dh lk{; ds
voyksdu ls ;g fofnr gS fd bl lk{kh ls bl
rjg dk dksbZ iz'u ugha fd;k x;k fd fdl
eqyfte us e`rd dh dkSyh Hkjh Fkh ;k fdlus
idMk Fkk ;fn bl rjg dk iz'u mDr lk{kh ls
iwaNk tkrk vkSj tc og fdlh eqyfte }kjk e`rd
dks idMus ds rF; ls badkj djrk rc mu
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ;g dgk tk ldrk Fkk fd nksuks
lkf{k;ksa ds c;kuksa esa fojks/kkHkkl gSA mijksDr nksuks
lkf{k;ksa us ftl rjg ls ?kVuk ns[kh gS mldk
o.kZu mUgksusa vius c;kuksa esa fd;k gSA xokgksa ds
c;kuksa esa ekewyh vUrj vkus ls mudh
fo'oluh;rk ij dksbZ izfrdwy izHkko ugha iMrk
gSA ;g ,d xk¡o dh ?kVuk gS rFkk mijksDr nksuksa
xokg xk¡o ds gh jgus okys gS vkSj ftl rjg ls
mUgksaus vius c;kuksa esa ?kVuk ns[kus dk mYys[k
434 INDIAN LAW REPORTS ALLAHABAD SERIES
fd;k gS ml ij vfo'okl djus dk ge dksbZ
vk/kkj ugha ikrs gSaA

42. ;g ljsvke fnu dh ?kVuk gSA izFke
lwpuk fjiksVZ esa vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw
rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky dks
?kVuk dk izR;{kn'khZ lk{kh gksuk fn[kk;k x;k gS
rFkk ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa Hkh
vihykFkhZx.k }kjk e`rd ij cUnwdksa o reapksa ls
Qk;j dj mldh gR;k djus dh ckr dgh x;h
gSA ,slh n'kk esa ge vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls j[ks
x;s mDr rdZ esa dksbZ cy ugha ikrs gSaA

43. vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g
j[kk x;k fd ?kVuk ds gsrqd ds lEca/k esa dksbZ
lk{; miyC/k ugha gS rks ;gk¡ ;g mYys[kuh; gS
fd tgk¡ ?kVuk dh izR;{kn'khZ lk{; miyC/k gks
ogk¡ ?kVuk ds gsrqd dk dksbZ fo'ks"k egRo ugha jg
tkrk gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 jktohj flag]
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw rFkk vfHk;kstu
lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky dh lk{; esa ;g vk;k gS
fd tgk¡ tqavk gks jgk Fkk ogka os ugha x;s FksA
vr,o lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; ls ;g Li"V gS fd ftl
LFkku ij tqavk gks jgk Fkk ml LFkku ij u rks
lk{khx.k x;s Fks vkSj u gh ogk¡ ekStwn FksA ;g
?kVuk lkfyx ds IykV ds ikl ?kfVr gqbZ gSA
?kVukLFky ds ikl dYyw ds cSBd esa lk{kh uUgw]
o dq¡oj iky us vius ekStwn jgus dh ckr dgh
gSA dYyw dk edku ?kVukLFky ds ikl gh
?kVukLFky ls djhc 25 dne dh nwjh ij fLFkr
gksuk crk;k x;k gSA ,slh n'kk esa bl ekeys esa
?kVuk ds gsrqd dk dksbZ fo'ks"k egRo ugha jg
tkrk gSA

44. 1⁄420101⁄2 12 ,l0 lh0 lh0 91 fcfiu
dqekj eks.My izfr jkT; osLV caxky ds ekeys esa
ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vo/kkfjr
fd;k x;k gS fd%&

Þ24- It is settled legal proposition
that even if the absence of motive as
alleged
is
accepted
that
is
of
no
consequence and pales into insignificance
when direct evidence establishes the crime.
Therefore,
in
case
there
is
direct
trustworthy evidence of witnesses as to
commission of an offence, the motive part
loses its significance. Therefore, if the
genesis of the motive of the occurrence is
not proved, the ocular testimony of the
witnesses as to the occurrence could not be
discarded only by the reason of the absence
of motive, if otherwise the evidence is
worthy of reliance. (Vide Hari Shankar Vs.
State of U.P., (1996) 9 SCC 40; Bikhu
Pandey & Ors. Vs. State of Bihar, (2003)
12 SCC 616; and Abu Thakir & Ors. Vs.
State of Tamil Nadu, (2010) 5 SCC 91)."

45. bl izdj.k esa ?kVuk dh izR;{kn'khZ
lk{; miyC/k gSA ,slh n'kk esa ?kVuk dh
izR;{kn'khZ lk{; miyC/k gksus dh fLFkfr esa gsrqd
dk dksbZ fo'ks"k egRo ugha jg tkrk gSA

46. vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g
j[kk x;k fd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa ?kVukLFky
uRFkw yky ds ?kj ds ikl crk;h x;h gS tc fd
lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; esa ?kVukLFky lkfyx ds IykV
ds ikl dh crk;h x;h gS rks mYys[kuh; gS fd
e`rd dk 'ko lkfyx ds [kkyh IykV esa ik;k x;k
gSA iapk;rukek esa Hkh e`rd dk 'ko lMd ds
fdukjs lkfyx dh txg 1⁄4IykV1⁄2 esa iMs gksus dk
mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA uD'kk utjh esa e`rd dk
'ko lkfyx ds IykV esa ik;s tkus dk mYys[k
fd;k x;k gS vkSj lkfyx ds IykV esa ,0 ,Dl0
LFkku ij e`rd dh gR;k dkfjr djus dk mYys[k
gSA ?kVukLFky ls foospukf/kdkjh us [kwu vkywn o
lkVh feV~Vh dCtk iqfyl esa fy;k gS vkSj
?kVukLFky ls nks vnn [kks[kk dkjrwl 12 cksj
cjken gksus dk mYys[k fd;k gSA QnZ feV~Vh [kwu
vkywnk o lknk feV~Vh rFkk QnZ ysus dCtk iqfyl
nks vnn [kks[kk dkjrwl 12 cksj i=koyh ij
miyC/k dze'k% izn'kZ d&10 o izn'kZ d&11 gSA
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 jktohj flag] vfHk;kstu
lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3
dq¡oj iky dh lk{; esa ?kVukLFky lkfyx ds
IykV ds ikl crk;h x;h gSA vr,o i=koyh ij
miyC/k leLr lk{; ls ?kVukLFky lkfcr gSA
,slh n'kk esa ;fn izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa ?kVuk
uRFkw yky ds ?kj ds ikl gksus dk mYys[k fd;k
2 All. Guljari & Anr. Vs. State of U.P.
435
x;k gS rks mlls vfHk;kstu dFkkud ij dksbZ
foijhr izHkko ugha iMrk gS vkSj u gh ?kVuk ds
lEca/k esa lansg dk dksbZ vk/kkj ik;k tkrk gSA
i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; ls ?kVukLFky
lkfcr gS vkSj lk{; ls ;g fl} gS fd ;g ?kVuk
lkfyx ds IykV ds ikl ?kfVr gqbZ gSA ,slh n'kk
esa mDr lEca/k esa vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls j[ks
x;s rdZ esa ge dksbZ cy ugh ikrs gSaA

47. vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g
j[kk x;k fd ?kVuk ds le; jes'k o jke izdk'k
Hkh e`rd ds lkFk ekStwn Fks ijUrq mUgsa lk{; esa
ijhf{kr ugha djk;k x;k gSA rks mYys[kuh; gS fd
orZeku ifjos'k esa dksbZ Hkh O;fDr nwljs ds >xMs
esa ugha iMuk pkgrk gSA ;fn vfHk;kstu dh vksj
ls mijksDr nksuksa O;fDr;ks dks lk{; esa ijhf{kr
ugha djk;k x;k gS rks ek= mDr vk/kkj ij ?kVuk
ds lEca/k esa lansg dk dksbZ i;kZIr vk/kkj izrhr
ugha gksrk gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 jktohj
flag] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw rFkk
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky us us dfFkr
?kVuk vihykFkhZx.k }kjk dkfjr djus dh iqf"V
dh gSA ;g ckr vo'; gS fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh
la[;k 1 jktohj rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3
dq¡oj iky e`rd ds lxs HkkbZ gS rFkk vfHk;kstu
lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw mudk eesjk HkkbZ gS rks ek=
lEca/k ds vk/kkj ij mijksDr lkf{k;ksa dh lk{;
dks iw.kZrk vfo'oluh; ;k xyr eku ysuk
U;k;ksfpr izrhr ugha gksrk gSA

48. iatkc jkT; izfr tqxjkt flag ,oa
vU; 2002 ,l0 lh0 lh0 1⁄4fdzfeuy1⁄2 630] 2012
1⁄411⁄2 ts0 lh0 vkj0 lh0 703 vfer cuke jkT;
mRrj izns'k] 2006 1⁄421⁄2 lh0 ,0 vkj0 lqizhe dksVZ
ist 742 lqn'kZu jsM~Mh o vU; cuke vkU/kz izns'k
rFkk 2003 ,l0 lh0 lh0 1⁄4fdzfeuy1⁄2 32 xaxk/kj
csgjk ,oa vU; izfr jkT; mMhlk ds ekeys esa
ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ;g er O;Dr
fd;k x;k gS fd fdlh Hkh lk{kh dh lk{; dks
ek= lEca/kh gksus ds vk/kkj ij frjLd`r ugha fd;k
tk ldrk gSA dksbZ Hkh lk{kh dsoy lEca/kh gksus
ek= ls fgrc} lk{kh ugha gks tkrk gS tc rd
lk{kh dk >wBk Qalkus esa fgr fl} ugha fd;k
tkrkA ;g Hkh vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS fd ,d
lEca/kh okLrfod vijk/kh dks u rks fNik;sxk vkSj
u gh fdlh funksZ"k O;fDr dks Qalk;sxkA ;fn >wBk
Qalk;s tkus dk vk/kkj fy;k x;k gks ,sls ekeykas
esa lEca/kh lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; ij lko/kkuh iwoZd
fopkj djus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA

49. 1⁄420181⁄2 6 lqizhe dksVZ dslsl 591
HkkLdj jko ,oa vU; izfr jkT; egkjk"Va ds ekeys
esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vo/kkfjr
fd;k x;k gS fd%&

"35. The last case we need to
concern ourselves is Namodeo v. State of
Maharashtra, wherein this Court after
observing
previsous
precedents
has
summarised the law in the following
manner: : (SCC P. N164, Para "38. It is
clear that a close relative cannot be
characterised as an "interested' witness. He
is a "natural" witness. His evidence,
however, must be scrutinized carefully. If
on such scrutiny, his evidence is found to
be intrinsically reliable, inherently probable
and wholly trustworthy, conviction can be
based on the "sole" testimony of such
witness. Close relationship of witness with
the deceased or victim is no ground to
reject his evidence. On the contrary, close
relative of the deceased would normally be
most reluctant to spare the real culprit and
falsely implicate an innocent one."

36....From the study of the
aforesaid precedents of this court, we may
note that whoever has been a witness
before the court of law, having a strong
interest in result, if allowed to be weighed
in the same scales with those who do not
have any interest in the result, would be to
open the doors of the court for perverted
truth. This sound rule which remains the
bulwark of this system, and which
determines the value of evidence derived
from such sources, needs to be cautiously
and carefully obsered and enforced. There
is no dispute about the fact that the interest
of the witness must affect his testimony is a
436 INDIAN LAW REPORTS ALLAHABAD SERIES
universal truth. Moreover, under the
influence of bias, a man may not be in a
position to judge correctly even if they
earnestly desire to do so. Similarly, he may
not be in a position to provide evidence in
an impartail manner, when it involves his
interest. Under such influences, man will,
even though not consciously, suppress
some facts, soften or modify others, and
provide favourable colour. These are most
controlling considertions in respect to the
credibility of human testimony, and should
never be overlooked in applying the rules
of evidence and determining its weight in
the scale of truth under the facts and
circumstances of each case."

50. pw¡fd mijksDr lk{khx.k e`rd ds
ifjokj ,oa lEca/kh gS mUgksaus ftl rjg ls ?kVuk
?kfVr gksus dk mYys[k fd;k gS ml ij vfo'okl
djus dk dksbZ dkj.k izrhr ugha gksrk gSA
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw rFkk vfHk;kstu
lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky dh dfFkr ?kVuk ds
le; ekSds ij mifLFkfr lkfcr gSA mijksDr
lk{khx.k dh lk{; ij lko/kkuh iwoZd fopkj djus
ds mijkUr ge blh er ds gSa fd mijksDr
lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; ls vihykFkhZx.k }kjk dfFkr
?kVuk dkfjr djuk lansg ls ijs fl} gSA mijksDr
lk{khx.k dh ftjg es bl rjg dh dksbZ folaxfr
;k fojks/kkHkkl ugh vk;k gS ftlls dh mijksDr
lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; dks vfo'oluh; ;k xyr ekuk
tk ldsA ekewyh fojks/kkHkkl vFkok folaxfr ds
vk/kkj ij fdlh lk{kh dh lk{; dks frjLd`r
djuk vFkok vfo'oluh; eku ysuk U;k;ksfpr
izrhr ugha gksrk gSA mijksDr lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; ls
;g Li"V gS fd e`rd rFkk vfHk;qDrks ds e/;
dksbZ iqjkuh jaft'k ugha Fkh vkSj u gh muds e/;
dksbZ ikVhZcUnh FkhA ;g izdj.k izR;{kn'khZ lk{;
ij vk/kkfjr gS rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2
uUgw o vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky tks
?kVuk ds izR;{kn'khZ lk{kh gS mudh lk{; ls ;g
Hkyh Hkakfr fl} gS fd ;g ?kVuk vihykFkhZx.k
}kjk gh dkfjr dh x;h Fkh vkSj mUgksaus gh e`rd
dks xksfy;ka ekjdj mldh gR;k dj nhA ,slh
n'kk esa ;fn ?kVuk ds lEca/k esa vfHk;kstu dh
vksj ls fdlh LorU= ,oa fu"i{k lk{kh dks ijhf{kr
ugha djk;k x;k gS rks ek= mDr vk/kkj ij
vfHk;kstu dFkkud fdlh Hkh izdkj ls izHkkfor
ugha gksrk gSA

51. tgk¡ rd e`rd ds vijkf/kd izo`fRr
dk gksus dk iz'u gS rks vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1
jktohj flag rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj
iky ds c;kuksa esa ;g vk;k gS fd e`rd ds Åij
xq.Mk o xSaxLVj ,DV ds izdj.k pys Fks rks ek=
mDr vk/kkj ij ;g mi/kkj.kk dk;e ugha dh tk
ldrh gS fd e`rd dh gR;k fdUgh vKkr
O;fDr;ksa }kjk vKkr le; esa dkfjr dh x;h gks
cfYd i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; ls ;g
lkfcr gS fd e`rd dh gR;k vihykFkhZx.k }kjk
,d jk; gksdj vkXus;kL= ls pksVsa igqapkdj dh
x;h Fkh mDr lEca/k esa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky;
us mBk;s x;s leLr fcUnqvksa ij lE;d fopkj
fd;k gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds iz'uxr
fu.kZ; ,oa fu"d"kksZa esa ge dksbZ fof/kd =qfV vFkok
vfu;ferrk ugha ikrs gSaA

52. vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g
j[kk x;k fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 uUgw rFkk
vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky us Lo;a dks
dYyw dh cSBd esa cSBs gksus dk mYys[k fd;k gS
ijUrq dYyw ftls vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls vius
cpko esa cpko lk{kh la[;k 1 ds :i esa ijhf{kr
djk;k x;k gS mlus vius c;ku esa ?kVuk ls
vufHkKrk O;Dr dh gS vkSj ;g dgk gS fd dqaoj
iky mlds lkFk mldh nqdku ds lkeus ugha cSBk
Fkk vkSj u gh mlus o dqaoj iky us vkseiky dh
gR;k djrs gq, fdlh dks ns[kk gSA

53. mYys[kuh; gS fd cpko lk{kh la[;k 1
dYyw us vius c;ku esa ;g dgk gS fd mlds xkao
ds vkseiky dks ejs gq, lok nks lky gks x;k gSA
budh yk'k Ldwy ds ikl esa feyh FkhA yk'k 'kke
dks 8&30 cts ds yxHkx feyh FkhA yk'k ns[kus
og Hkh x;k FkkA Ldwy ds ikl mldh nqdku gS
tks [kkyh jgrh gS mlesa cxjau ds MkDVj lkgc
cSBrs gS tks lqcg dks vkrs gS vkSj 'kke dks fnu
Nqius ij vius ?kj pys tkrs gSA ;g mldk cSBd
ugha gSA dqaoj iky mlds lkFk mldh nqdku ds
lkeus ugha cSBk Fkk u gh mlus o mlds xkao ds
2 All. Savir Vs. State of U.P.
437
dq¡oj iky us vkse iky dh gR;k djrs gq, fdlh
dks ns[kk gSA mlds xk¡o ds xqytkjh] y{eh] cPpw
flag o lqesj dks mlus gR;k djrs ugha ns[kk gSA
bl lk{kh dh lk{; ls ;g Li"V gS fd mlus
e`rd dh yk'k izkbejh Ldwy ds ikl feyus dk
mYys[k fd;k gSA uD'kk utjh esa izkbejh Ldwy]
?kVukLFky ds nf{k.k rjQ iIiw ds edku ds ckn
n'kkZ;k x;k gSA

54. ;|fi ;g lk{kh mlh xkao dk jgus
okyk gS vkSj vfHk;qDrksa ds izHkko o ncko esa
vkdj bl lk{kh }kjk vfHk;kstu dFkkud dk
leFkZu u djus dh lEHkkouk ls badkj ugha
fd;k tk ldrk gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2
uUgw rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq¡oj iky
dh lk{; ls ;g lkfcr gS fd ?kVuk ds le;
os dYyw dh cSBd ij cSBs gq, Fks vkSj mUgksaus
;g ?kVuk ns[kh gSA mijksDr nksuksa lkf{k;ksa dh
ftjg esa ,slk dksbZ rF; ugha vk;k gS ftlls
dh ?kVukLFky ij mudh mifLFkfr ds lEca/k esa
dksbZ lansg O;Dr fd;k tk ldsA ,slh n'kk esa
cpko lk{kh la[;k 1 dYyw dh lk{; ls
vihykFkhZx.k dks dksbZ ykHk izkIr ugha gksrk gS
mDr lEca/k esa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk
lE;d fopkj fd;k x;k gS ftlesa ge dksbZ
fof/kd =qfV vFkok vfu;ferrk ugha ikrs gSaA

55. i=koyh ij miyC/k lk{; ls ;g Hkyh
Hkk¡fr fl} gS fd dfFkr ?kVuk ds le;
vihykFkhZx.k us ,d jk; gksdj vkXus;kL= ls
Qk;j dj pksVsa igqapkdj e`rd dh gR;k dj nhA
,slh n'kk esa ge fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds
iz'uxr fu.kZ; ,oa fu"d"kksZa esa dksbZ fof/kd =qfV
vFkok vfu;ferrk ugha ikrs gSA

56.