# M/s J.K. Enterprises v. Commissioner of Customs (Preventive) U.P. & Ors - **Citation:** (2026) 3 ILRA 995 - **Court:** High Court of Judicature at Allahabad - **Decided:** 2026-03-17 - **Bench:** Shekhar B. Saraf, Manjive Shukla - **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/allahabad-high-court/m-s-j-k-enterprises-v-commissioner-of-customs-preventive-u-p-ors-54365 - **Pages:** 6 ## Text 3 All. M/s J.K. Enterprises Vs. Commission of Customs (Preventive) U.P. & Ors. 995 17. It is apparent that the lower court has certainly erred in rejecting the probate petition merely on the ground of pendency of Original Suit No.369 of 2025. The instant appeal has merit and is liable to be allowed. 18. Accordingly, the instant appeal is allowed. Consequently, the impugned judgment and order dated 21.07.2025 is set aside and the Misc. Probate Petition No.2 of 2023 stands restored to its original number. 19. In exercise of power vested under Section 24 C.P.C., the Original Suit No.369 of 2025 (Dinesh Kumar Gupta and others vs. Amit Gupta and others) is transferred from the court of Civil Judge (Senior Division), Firozabad to the court of District Judge, Firozabad and it is consolidated with Misc. Probate Case No.2 of 2023 (Amit Gupta and another vs. Smt. Kalpana Gupta and others). The District Judge concerned is directed to decide the probate petition and civil suit together in accordance with law, after hearing both the parties, within a period of six months, without affording unnecessary adjournments to either of the parties, from the date of production of certified copy of this order. 20. Office is directed to send back the record of the lower court, forthwith. ---------- (2026) 3 ILRA 995 ORIGINAL JURISDICTION CIVIL SIDE DATED: LUCKNOW 17.03.2026 BEFORE THE HON'BLE SHEKHAR B. SARAF, J. THE HON'BLE MANJIVE SHUKLA, J. Writ Tax No. 258 of 2026 of 2025 with other connected cases M/s J.K. Enterprises ...Petitioner Versus Commissioner of Customs (Preventive) U.P. & Ors. ...Respondents ISSUE FOR CONSIDERATION Whether the action taken by the customs authorities in seizing and continuing to detain a consignment of areca nuts was legally sustainable and based on any foundational reason to believe? HEADNOTES Criminal Law - Constitution of India - Article 226 - :- A batch of Writ Petitions - filed for quashing the seizure and continued detention of areca nuts by customs authorities - seizure on the suspicion that the goods were of foreign origin and unfit for consumption - investigation - samples testing - reported - nuts are resembled Indian origin and were fit for consumption - statement of the authorities - dissatisfaction, leading to a second test - detention & seizure - challenged in writ jurisdiction - Applicant pleaded that the seizure lacked a foundational "reason to believe" and the detention was arbitrary after the goods were identified as Indian - Court finds that, the respondents could not place any objective material to justify the opinion that the goods were of foreign origin - authorities' actions were astonishing, arbitrary, and malafide, particularly the attempt to seek a second report and then ignore its inconclusive nature - held, once no material exists to 996 INDIAN LAW REPORTS ALLAHABAD SERIES establish foreign origin, the proceedings are totally without jurisdiction - hence the seizure was unsustainable and quashed - writ petitions disposed of with directions to immediate release of the goods accordingly. Writ Petitions Disposed of. (E-11) CASE LAW CITED No any case (specific case) cited. LIST OF ACTS Customs Act, 1962 - Constitution of India (Article 226 - Food Safety and Standards Regulation, 2011. LIST OF KEYWORDS Areca nuts - Customs Seizure - Indian Origin - Arbitrary and Malafide - Reason to Believe - Govt Lab Reports - Inconclusive Findings - coordinate bench - Food Safety - fairly good - fit for human consumption - CRCL Test Report - ARDF Report - Jurisdictional Error - Writ Tax - dispose of. CASE ARISING FROM Bunch of writ petitions challenging the seizure and detention of areca nuts initiated by the Commissioner of Customs (Preventive) U.P. and Uttarakhand on 11.11.2025. APPEARANCE OF PARTIES Counsel for Appellant(s): Shri Yogesh Chandra Srivastava and Shri Raghvendra P. Singh. Counsel for Respondent(s): Kuldeep Srivastava. (Delivered by Hon'ble Shekhar B. Saraf, J. & Hon'ble Manjive Shukla, J.) 1. Counter affidavits filed by the respondents in Writ Tax No. 258 of 2026, Writ Tax No. 254 of 2026, Writ Tax No. 253 of 2026 and Writ Tax No. 245 of 2026 are taken on record. 2. Heard learned counsel for the petitioner and Sri Kuldeep Srivastava, learned counsel for the customs authorities. 3. The above writ petitions deal with a similar issue of seizure of areca nuts by the customs officials and have been accordingly heard out together. In light of the same, common judgement shall apply to all the four writ petitions i.e. Writ Tax No. 258 of 2026, Writ Tax No. 254 of 2026, Writ Tax No. 253 of 2026 and Writ Tax No. 245 of 2026. 4. For ease of the understanding, we are dealing with Writ Tax No. 258 of 2026 and the facts of the same are provided below:- 5. The areca nuts were seized by the authorities on 11.11.2025 on the basis that the said areca nuts were of foreign origin and were not fit for human consumption. In this particular case, the customs authorities sent the goods for testing to the Arecanut Research and Development Foundation that provided a report dated December 4, 2025 which is delineated below:- "IDENTIFICATION OF ORIGIN Based on Cut test, Appearance, Size, etc 3 All. M/s J.K. Enterprises Vs. Commission of Customs (Preventive) U.P. & Ors. 997 Observations: 1. Country of origin of Arecanut: The samples supplied are of red sliced arecanut types. The nuts are mostly round to oval in shape and medium in size. The inside portion of Arecanuts exhibits marbled colour with uniform dark brown alternating with white portion. This resembles to the Arecanuts of India. 2. Whether it is fit for human consumption or not: The nuts are fairly good and fit for human consumption. 3. Whether both sample (pertaining to Case No. 8/2025-26 dt 11.11.2025) are having same quality or can be distinguished on the basis of quality? Both the samples look alike. 4. Whether it is dried Arecanut or roasted one? Both the samples are of red sliced arecanut types and not roasted. For preparing such sliced red arecanut types the immature arecanuts are harvested, dehusked, sliced, boiled, coated with areca tannin (which is brown in colour) and dried. Hence, the arecanuts look brownish as shown in the reference photograph. Boiling is the usual process involved in the preparation of red arecanut types. Date: 4-12-2025 Tested by: Sri Govinda Bhat S Arecanut Specialist ARDF MANGALURU Approved by: Dr. S. Keshava Bhat Executive Officer ARDF MANGALURU. 6. Being dissatisfied by the said report, the customs authorities once again sent the sample of goods to a different laboratory being the Central Revenue Control Laboratory, IARI, Hill Side Road, Pusa Campus, New Delhi which provided the following report:- TEST REPORT Reported date: 05.01.2016 Dated: 11.11.2025 1. Lab No: CRCL/Food/08/1125 (Prev)/Dated: 26.11.2025 2. Case No.: 08/2025-26 3. C. No: GEN/INV/Misc/417/2025 1764.13.11.25 998 INDIAN LAW REPORTS ALLAHABAD SERIES 4. Name Contact information of customer: Assistant Commissioner, Cus(Prev), Lucknow 5. Description of sample: Said to be Foreign orign Arecanut Report: The sample as received is in the form of dark brown coloured hard split nuts of irregular shape and sizes. It has the characteristics of Betel nut/Areca nut as per Regulation No. 2.3.55 of Food Safety & Standards Regulation 2011 and IS 16962:2018. Based on the physical appearance, colour and moisture content of the sample, it is other than roasted areca nut. It is having following constants. Sr. No. Parameters Test Method Result 1. Moisture % by mass AOAC 934.06/fssai manual-dried fruits and vegetables-.20.1 7.8 2. Damaged Nuts % (damaged nuts include blemish or cracked nuts, broken nuts, nuts not fully dehusked & those the pith of which is black (% by mass) FSSAI Manual/IS:16962 (Clause 3.5): 2018 3.5 3. Damaged by moulds& insects (% by mass) FSSAI Manual/IS:16962 (Clause 3.5): 2018 0.9 4. Total Ash (% by mass) FSSAI Manual 2024 1.4 5. Arecoline -- Present 6. Total Aflatoxin (Aflatoxin B1,B2,G1,G2) (ug/kg) CRCL/SOP/16/1:2020 Not detected 7. Salmonella IS 5887(P-III) (Sec 1):2020 Absent 8. Listeria Monocytogenes IS: 14988(P-1):2020 Absent 9. Vibrio Cholerac IS: 5887 (P-V): 1976 Absent Based on the above tested parameters, the sample is within the specified limit as per Food safery & Standards Regulation 2011 & IS 16962:2018. Hence, the sample u/r may be considered as fit for human consumption. Country of Origin of the sample could not be ascertained due to want of testing facility." 3 All. M/s J.K. Enterprises Vs. Commission of Customs (Preventive) U.P. & Ors. 999 7. Counsel on behalf of the petitioner has submitted that the first report clearly indicated that the goods were of Indian origin as pointed out in observation no. 1. Furthermore, the report indicated that the areca nuts are fairly good and fit for human consumption as pointed out in observation no. 2. In the second report, once again it was pointed out that the sample was within the specified limit as per Food Safety and Standards Regulation, 2011. With regard to the origin of the goods, the report stated that the country of origin of the sample could not be ascertained due to want of testing facility. 8. With regard to the goods in the other three writ petitions, i.e., Writ Tax No. 254 of 2026, Writ Tax No. 253 of 2026 and Writ Tax No. 245 of 2026, the first report by the Arecanut Research and Development Foundation is identical. However, the second report by the Central Revenues Control Laboratory Hillside Road, Pusa, New Delhi is identical with regard to the country of origin but in the said second report, the quality of the sample is provided as not fit for human consumption. 9. The main issue that arises for consideration in the present writ petition is whether the action taken by the customs authorities for seizure of the goods was correct in law and based on any foundational reason to believe. 10. Learned counsel for the petitioner has relied on a judgement of a coordinate bench of this High Court (wherein one of us was a member), reported in (2024) 16 Centax 505(All.). He has relied on paragraphs 32 and 33 specifically which are delineated below:- "32. Thus, a consistent view exists - where exercise of executive power and assumption of jurisdiction hinges on prior recording of 'reason to believe' that true objective test in law must be satisfied by the authority wielding the power. Curtailment of free trade has serious consequences. While the revenue authorities would be within their jurisdiction to exercise their power to seize and confiscate goods that may have been smuggled inside the customs frontiers, yet with respect to natural products, that are also grown inside the country, no presumption is available to presume or assume that such goods are smuggled unless the assessee or the citizen otherwise satisfies that they are of Indian origin. For assumption of jurisdiction in such cases, credible material must be shown to exit in the hands of the authorities and objective consideration must be shown to have been made to such material - to record the 'reason' that may have led to formation of the 'belief' that the goods are of foreign origin. Whenever such exercise is completed successfully, the jurisdiction may arise to the revenue authorities to detain and seize the goods. Thereafter, it may remain for the assessee to establish all defences. At the same time, in absence of objective material and in absence of 'reasons' the belief that the goods were of foreign origin may remain non-actionable. It may give rise to no jurisdiction either to seize or confiscate the goods or to undertake any proceedings to that effect. 33. For the reasons noted above in the present facts, we find that the revenue authorities have hopelessly failed to bring out to record the objective material and have further failed to establish formation of any 'reason' for the 'belief' entertained by them that goods were of foreign region. In similar circumstances, the co-ordinate bench of this Court had allowed the writ petition for similar reasons in Jaymatajee Enterprise (Seller) and Another (Supra). " 1000 INDIAN LAW REPORTS ALLAHABAD SERIES 11. From a reading of the above judgement, it becomes crystal clear that the seizure of the goods has to be based on some specific reason that would indicate that the goods that have been confiscated/seized are of foreign origin. 12. In the present case, the authorities have not been able to indicate any such reason to believe. Neither have they been able to provide a basis of the seizure nor have they been able to confirm the origin of the goods as foreign in nature upon subsequent testing. In fact the records clearly show that the first laboratory report clearly indicated that the goods were of Indian origin. In such a situation, when the goods have been identified as goods of Indian origin, the entire exercise of the customs authorities in seizing the goods and thereafter continuing to detain the said goods appears to be not just arbitrary but also malafide. It is astonishing to note that the goods were examined once again, that too, from a Government laboratory that could not ascertain the origin of the goods. Even after the second report has come to light, the authorities have continued to detain the goods without having any basis in law to do so. 13. On our repeated query from learned counsel appearing for the customs authorities that what is the material available with the respondents to make out a reason to believe that the goods subject matter of writ petitions are of foreign origin, he could not place any material before this Court on the basis of which authorities could have formed opinion that the seized goods are of foreign origin. It is well settled through catena of judgements of the Hon'ble Supreme Court that reasons to believe recorded in the notice must be based on some material with the authorities and uness there is material, the authorities can not proceed in the matter. We are of the view that once there is no material available with the customs authorities that the seized goods are of foreign origin, any proceedings drawn by the customs authorities under the Customs Act, 1962 are totally without jurisdiction. 14. In light of the above, we are unable to sustain the seizure orders passed by the customs authorities. The same are accordingly quashed and set-aside with the direction upon the authorities to act in accordance with law and release the goods to the petitioners within a period of one week from date. 15. With the above directions, all four writ petitions, i.e., Writ Tax No. 258 of 2026, Writ Tax No. 254 of 2026, Writ Tax No. 253 of 2026 and Writ Tax No. 245 of 2026 are disposed of. ---------- (2026) 3 ILRA 1000 ORIGINAL JURISDICTION CRIMINAL SIDE DATED: LUCKNOW 20.03.2026 BEFORE THE HON'BLE BRIJ RAJ SINGH, J. Application U/S 482. No. 734 of 2026 Mohd. Faizan & Ors. ...Applicants Versus State of U.P. & Anr. ...Opposite Parties ISSUE FOR CONSIDERATION