# 12~ BALAKA SINGH & ORS v. STATE OF PUNJAB - **Citation:** [1975] Supp. 1 S.C.R. 129 - **Court:** Supreme Court of India - **Decided:** 1975-04-16 - **Bench:** N. L. Untwalia Ands. M. Fazal Ali - **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/12-balaka-singh-ors-v-state-of-punjab-6448 - **Pages:** 8 ## Headnote Evidence-Appreciation of-Addition 'of nanies in inquest rrport-Delay in submission ?I first infonnation report-E'ffect of A cousin of the deceased, \\'ho acted as his body guard and the :fir5t appellant and his party were on inimical terms. Some years before the occurA B rence the first appellant was charged with an offence of murder, in which C 1he cousin was the chief prosecution witness. The appellant was acquitted by the High Court in that case. Shortly before the occurrence the appellant filed an application under s. 107, Cr.P.C. against the cousin of the deceased and his party which gave rise to a fresh grouse between the party of the prosecution and the party of the appellants. On the day of the occur~ rence, it was alleged, that the cousin of the deceased saw the appellant and his paiiy consisting of nine members going towards the house of the deceased, D armed with deadly weapons. AU the nine persons elltered the house of the deceased and attacked him. The d~ceased was a1leged to have fallen dead with the spear blow of the first appellant. The accused caused injuries to the wife when she came to protect the deceased. The Sessions Judge convicted the appeJlant under s. 302 and the other, accused under s. 302 read \Vith s. 149. On appeal the High -Court affirmed the conviction and sentences against the five appellants. and acquitted the remaining four accused ·on the ground that in the body of the inquest report the names of the four acquitted accu~ed did not find place and that the names of the nine accused including those of the four accused mentioned on the top of the inquest report was an addition made by the Police Sub~Jnspector to help the prosecutior1. E AJlo\ving the apveal of the five convicted accused to this Court, , HELD : l(a) The prosecution case against the five appeJiants has not been 1 F proved beyond reasonable donbt. The High Court had given cogent and ::;ubstantial reasons for acquitting the four accused but in that proc~s it had given a finding which is completely destructive Of the entire prosecution case itself. Although the names of all the nine accuse.d were mentioned at the top of the inquest report the High Court found that this was an addition made by the Assistant Sub-Inspector to help the -prosecution and to bring the inquest report in conformity with the F.I.R. The prosecution has not been able to give any reasonable explanation for the omission of the names of the four acquitted accused in the inquest report. Even the Assistant Sub-!nspector, who was exa:nilied as a witness had not chosen to give nny explanation for this deliberate omission. This omission throws serious doubt not only on the complicity of the four accused but also on the veracity and authenticity of the F.l.R. itself. When once it is established that the names of the four accused \Vere deliberately added in the inquest report at the instance of the prosecution, there 'is no guarantee regarding 'the truth· about the participation of the other five accused in assault of the deceased. If the prosecution could go to the extent of implicating four innocent persons by inserting their names in the inquest report and in the FJ.R., they could very well have put in the names of the other five appellants also because they were inimical to the prosecution party. [133C-G-H, 134B-C, 135C-DJ (b) A perusal of the evidence of the prosecution wit!'lesses shO\\'ed that the ·prosecuticin case against the nppellants and the four accuseci \vas so in~ cxtricably mixed up that it is not possible to sever one from the other. In the instant case, having regard to the partisan and interested evidence of the prosecution witnesses who could implicate the appellants and the four acct1sec1 equally with regard to the assault on the deceased it -is not nossible to reiect the prosecution case with respect to the fourth accurd and accept it with reopect to the other five appellants. [l35F-G, HJ G H ' t I 30 A B c D E F SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1975) SUPP. S ## Text -. 12~ BALAKA SINGH & ORS. v. STATE OF PUNJAB April 16, 1975 [N. L. UNTWALIA ANDS. M. FAZAL ALI, JJ.J Evidence-Appreciation of-Addition 'of nanies in inquest rrport-Delay in submission ?I first infonnation report-E'ffect of A cousin of the deceased, \\'ho acted as his body guard and the :fir5t appellant and his party were on inimical terms. Some years before the occurA B rence the first appellant was charged with an offence of murder, in which C 1he cousin was the chief prosecution witness. The appellant was acquitted by the High Court in that case. Shortly before the occurrence the appellant filed an application under s. 107, Cr.P.C. against the cousin of the deceased and his party which gave rise to a fresh grouse between the party of the prosecution and the party of the appellants. On the day of the occur~ rence, it was alleged, that the cousin of the deceased saw the appellant and his paiiy consisting of nine members going towards the house of the deceased, D armed with deadly weapons. AU the nine persons elltered the house of the deceased and attacked him. The d~ceased was a1leged to have fallen dead with the spear blow of the first appellant. The accused caused injuries to the wife when she came to protect the deceased. The Sessions Judge convicted the appeJlant under s. 302 and the other, accused under s. 302 read \Vith s. 149. On appeal the High -Court affirmed the conviction and sentences against the five appellants. and acquitted the remaining four accused ·on the ground that in the body of the inquest report the names of the four acquitted accu~ed did not find place and that the names of the nine accused including those of the four accused mentioned on the top of the inquest report was an addition made by the Police Sub~Jnspector to help the prosecutior1. E AJlo\ving the apveal of the five convicted accused to this Court, , HELD : l(a) The prosecution case against the five appeJiants has not been 1 F proved beyond reasonable donbt. The High Court had given cogent and ::;ubstantial reasons for acquitting the four accused but in that proc~s it had given a finding which is completely destructive Of the entire prosecution case itself. Although the names of all the nine accuse.d were mentioned at the top of the inquest report the High Court found that this was an addition made by the Assistant Sub-Inspector to help the -prosecution and to bring the inquest report in conformity with the F.I.R. The prosecution has not been able to give any reasonable explanation for the omission of the names of the four acquitted accused in the inquest report. Even the Assistant Sub-!nspector, who was exa:nilied as a witness had not chosen to give nny explanation for this deliberate omission. This omission throws serious doubt not only on the complicity of the four accused but also on the veracity and authenticity of the F.l.R. itself. When once it is established that the names of the four accused \Vere deliberately added in the inquest report at the instance of the prosecution, there 'is no guarantee regarding 'the truth· about the participation of the other five accused in assault of the deceased. If the prosecution could go to the extent of implicating four innocent persons by inserting their names in the inquest report and in the FJ.R., they could very well have put in the names of the other five appellants also because they were inimical to the prosecution party. [133C-G-H, 134B-C, 135C-DJ (b) A perusal of the evidence of the prosecution wit!'lesses shO\\'ed that the ·prosecuticin case against the nppellants and the four accuseci \vas so in~ cxtricably mixed up that it is not possible to sever one from the other. In the instant case, having regard to the partisan and interested evidence of the prosecution witnesses who could implicate the appellants and the four acct1sec1 equally with regard to the assault on the deceased it -is not nossible to reiect the prosecution case with respect to the fourth accurd and accept it with reopect to the other five appellants. [l35F-G, HJ G H ' t I 30 A B c D E F SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1975) SUPP. S.C.R. Zwinglce Ariel v. State of Madhya Pradesh, A.I.R. 1954 S.C. 15. referred to. (2) Under the High Court cirt:ulars and police rules it was incumbent upon the police to send a r;opy of t4e F.l.R. to the Ilaqa Magistrale immediately. In the instant case the F.I.R. which was recorded at 10 P.!vf. on the day of the occurrence reached the Ilaqa Magistrate at 11 A.M. on the following day. It is, therefore, clear that the F.I.R. was a belated document. lf this were so, then, there, was sufficient time for the prosecution party, who were undoubtedly inimical to the accused, to deliberate and prepare a false case not only against the fourth accused but also against the five appellants. [!34F-G-H] CRIMINAL APPELLATE JuRISDICTJON : Criminal Appeal No. 133 of 1970 Appeal by special leave from the judgment & order dated the 21st January, 1970 of the Punjab & Haryana High Court in Criminal Appeal No. 318 of 1967. R. L. Kohli, for the appellants. M. S. Dhillon, for the respondent. Th" Judgment of the Court was delivered by :- FAZAL Au, J.-This is an appeal by special leave preferred by the appellants Balaka Singh, Joginder Singh, Pritam Singh, Darbara Singh and Jarnail Singh. The appellant Balaka Singh bas been convicted under s. 302 I. P. C. and sentenced to imprisonment for life. The other appellants have been convicted under s. 302 read with s. 149 and sentenced to life imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 1,000/- each or in default further rigorous imprisonment for one year. All the appellants have also been convicted under s .. 143 I.P.C. and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for four months each and under s. 148 to rigorous imprisonment for one year each. Balaka Singh has also been convicteid under s. 325 I.P.C. for haying caused grievous hurt to Gurmej Kaur and Harnam Kaur and sentenced to two years rigorous G imprisonment and fine of Rs. 100. The other accused have also been convicted under s. 325 read with s. 149 I.P.C. and awarded the same sentence as Balaka Singh. Apart from these five ,appellants there were four other accused who were prosecuted before the Trial Court of the Additional Sessions Judge, Patiala, namely, Makhan Singh, Sucha Singh H SI o Inder Singh, Teja Singh and Ind er Singh but these accused persons were acquitted on appeal by the High Court of Pnnjab and Haryana. The High Court has, however, confirmed the conviction and sentences passed on the appellants and has dismissed the appeal and hence this appeal ,before us. Put briefly tbe prosecution case is as follows. Abont seven years befo.re the occurrence one Gurnam Singh alias Kamai! Singh was murdered and Balaka Singh ;i,ccused and bis brother Asa Singh were tried for the murder of Gurnam Singh and convicted and sentenced under s. 302 f.p .C. to imprisonment for life by the Sessions Judge. Balaka Singh and Asa Singh, however, went up in appeal to the High • - • BALAKA SINGH v. PUNJAB (Fazal Ali, J.) 131 Court and were acquitted. Banta Singh P. W. 3 who is informant in the instant case was the chief prosecution witness in the murder case in which Gurnam Singh was killed. It is also the admitted case of the prosecution that Balaka Singh and his people were on iruniical terms with Banta Singh and the deceased Gurnam Singh. It was further alleA ged that Dharam Singh the deceased in the present case was the cousin B of Banta Singh and was nsed by him as a sort of his body-guard to protect him from his enemies. Shortly before the occurrence the appellant· Balaka Singh and bis brother Asa Singh has filed an application under s. 107 of the Code of Criminal Procedure against Banta Singh, Dharam Singh, Budha Singh and Kashmir Singh and i_n those proceedings the Jicenced gun of the deceased Dharam Singh was also deposited C and this gave rise to a fresh grouse on the part of the prosecution party against the accused. Banta Singh and Dharam Singh also had made a counter-application for taking security proceedings against the present appellants but no action thereupon appears to have been t;tken. The actual occurrence took place on September l, 1966, when Banta Singh P. W. 3 the informant and Dharam Singh the deceased had gone to see their fields. They returned from their fields at about 6 P.M. and Dharam Singh had entered his house while Banta Singh took his leave and went to his own house. While Banta Singh was going to his house he saw the rune accused persons including the five appellants variously armed with spears, gandasis and lathis proceedings towards the house of Dharam Singh. The party of the accused is said to have entered the house of Dharam Singh and Makhan Singh, Sucha Singh s/o lnder Singh, Inder Singh and Teja Singh-hereinafter referred to as 'the four accused' (since acquitted by the High Conrt) are said to have incited and exhorted their companions to finish off Dharam Singh and not to spare any member of his family. Dharam Singh was busy in tying the rope of his ox which was tethered in his court-yard. The accused after entering the court-yard opened attack on the deceased Dharam Singh in which Dalaka Singh took a main part and gave a spear blow on the_chest of Dharam Singh as a result of which he fell down on the ground. Thereafter Banta Singh raised a hue and cry to the effect that Dharam Singh had been murdered. Not content with giving one spear blow to Dharam Singh even after he fell down, Joginder Singh is said to have given a barchha blow on his right knee and Pritam Singh a gandasi blow in the right shoulder of Dharam Singh. Just at that moment Smt. Gurmej Kaur the wife of Dharam Singh, his mother, W aryam Singh his father and his brothers who were in the house tried to intervene and fell on the body of Dharam Singh. But they were also assaulted by Joginder Singh, Balaka Singh and others. It is said that other inmates of the house were aim assaulted. On hearing the cries of Banta Singh the informant, Harnam Singh and Kapur Singh reached the spot and they saw Joginder Singh accused catching Dharam Singh by his long hair, .while Balaka Singh had caught him by the legs and were trying to drag the _deceased towards the entrance gate of the house. Kapur Singh who was armed with a gun fired a shot in the air which dispersed the accused party who ran away. In the aforesaid occurrence apart from the deceased Dharam Singh Mst. Gurmej Kaur, Harnam Kaur, Waryam Singh, Such.a Singh and Bud_ha Singh also receiveid injuries on their person. D E F G H J B2 A B c D E G H SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1975) SUPP. S.C.R. Banta Singh P.W. 3 went to the police station Julkan and lodged the F.I.R. the police station being 6/7 miles away from the place of occmrence. The report was lodged at about 10 P.M. Accordingly a case under s. 302, 307 and other sections of the Indian Penal Code was registerlld by the police. Assistant Sub-Inspector Teja Singh reachcd the spot along with Banta Singh and some constables. After reaching there at about 2 or 2.30 A.M. he prepared the inquest report and injury statement of the injured persons. The dead body was sent to' the mortuary at Patiala for post-mortem examination. The AS.I. also took blood-stained earth from the spot and the blood-stained clothes of the deceased were also taken. After completion of the usual investigations the nine accused persons were challaned in the Court of the J udiqial Magistrate, Patiala who committed them for trial to the Court of Session which resulted in the ultimate conviction and sentence against the accused as mentioned above. The accused pleaded innocence and averred that they had been falsely implicated due to previous enmity. In support of the prosecution 19 witnesses were examined but the defence did not give any evidence at all. The learned Sessions JuJge after consldering the evidence came to the conclusion that the prosecution case against all the accused persons was fully proved and he accordingly convicted and sentenced the accused persons as mentioned in his judgment. The accused persons then fileo an appeal in the High Court, which, while accepting the prosecution case against the five appellants in this Court, acquitted the four accused namely, Makhan Singh, Sucha Singh s/o Inder Singh, Teja Singh and Indcr Singh. The High Court has given cogent and substantial reasons for acq1iitting the aforesaid ac~used, but in that process they have given a finding which, in our opinion, is completely \destructive of the entire prosecution case itself. We may now refer to the reasons given by the High Court for acquitting the four accused mentioned above. The first and foremost reason given by the High Court was that although the inquest report was prepared by the A.SJ. at about 2.30 A.M. in the morning yet the names of the four accused did not find place in the body of the inquest report which was made on the basis of the report made to the police by the informant Banta Singh. It is true that the names of all the nine accused were mentioned at the top of the inquest report but the High Court found that this appears to have been the addition made by the Assistant Sub-Inspector to help the prosecuti?n and to bring the inquest report in conformity with the F.I.R. In this connection the High Court observed as follows ; · "The first thing to be noted in this connection is that the names of th!'se four appellants do not figur~ in th~ body of the inquest report although they are mentioned m the heading thereof as well as in the first information report. The circumstance leads clearly to the inference that throughout the preparation of the inquest report these appellants were not named as members of the party of the culprits and that ,. '" - • • - "t • - ' ·.· .. ·•· "' . • ... BALAKA SINGH v. PUNJAB (Fazal Ali,!.) 133 their names were added in the said heading as well as in the A first information report later." We liave perused Ext. P. H. inquest report ourselves and find that in the' brief facts of the case which were made to the Investigating Officer by Banta Singh only the names of Balaka Singh, J oginder B Singh, Pritam Singh, Darbara Singh and Jarnai! Singh are mentioned. There is no reference at all to Makhan Singh, Sucha Singh s/o Inder Singh, Teja Singh and Indcr Singh in the report nor is it mentioned that Teja Singh and Inder Singh incited or exhorted the other accused persons to open the assault on the deceased which appears to be the· starting point of the occurrence. The prosecution has not been able C to give any reasonable explanation for. this important omission in the inquest report. The AS.I. Teja Singh was questioned on this point and he stated thus : "The brief statements of the facts of the case mentioned in the inquest report are based on the report lodged by Banta Singh. In this brief statement, however, the names of Inder Singh, Sucha Singh, Teja Singh and Makhan Singh accused are not mentioned as culprits, specifically. I_tl is correct that in the brief facts mentioned in the body, there is no reference of the names of these four men." Thus even the AS.I. while admitting that the names of the four accused were not mentioned by Banta Singh has not ch6sen to give any explanation for this deliberate omission to that effect. According to the prosecution the names of the four accused who have been acquitted by the l:Iigh Conrt had already been mentioned in the F.I.R. which was lodged 4/5 hours before the inquest report was prepared. Any Investigating Officer possessing some intelligence would have at once questioned Banta Singh as to how it is that while he ha.d named D E r the four accused in the F.I.R. he had not referred to them in his brief statement in the inquest report. In these circumstances, therefore, G the High Conrt was fully justified in holding that the omission of the names of the four accused acquitted by the High Court in the inquest 1eport was a very important circumstance which went in favour of the follr accused. This omission bas a two-fold reaction. In the first place it throws doubt on the e-0mplicity of the four accused acquitted by the High Court and secondly it casts serious doubt on the veracity and authenticity of the F.I.R. itself. It is not understandable as to why the four accused who are alleged to have taken an active part in the assault on the deceased were not at all mentioned in the inquest report and in the brief statement of the very person who had lodged the I' .I.R. four hours before. Counsel for the State tried to justify this omission on the ground that in the inquest report Ext. P. H. the names of all the nine accused appear to have been mentioned at the top of that document. There is, however, no column for mentioning the names of the accused arn'I, therefore, there was no occasion for the Investigating Officer to have mentioned the names of the a~cused in that particular place. H 134 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1975] SUPP. S.C.Jt. A Finally the Investigating Officer P.W. 23, Te3a Singh admitted in his evidence that he had prepared the inquest report and that he had read out the same to Banta Singh and Harnam Singh P.Ws. but later tried to say that he did not recollect whether he had read out the inquest reporl'to Banta Singh and Harnam Singh before getting their thumb impressions on the inquest report. This circumstance speaks B; volumes against the prosecution case, If, therefore, it is once established that the names of the four accused were deliberately added in the inquest report at the instance of the prosecution there is no guarantee regarding the truth about the parucipation in the assault. , on the deceased by the appellants, c Another finding which demolishes the entire edifice and fabric of the prosecution case is that the F,LR. itself was not written at 1 C P .M. as alleged by "the informant Banta Singh but it was written out after the inquest report was prepared by the AS.I. and after the , names of the four accused acquitted by the High Court were inserted D in the inquest report. If this is true then the entire case of the prosecution becomes extremely doubtful. The High Court has also derived rnpport from another important circumstance to come to the conclusion that the F.LR, was not written at 10 P,M. as alleged by the prosecution but after the preparation of the inquest report at about 230 AM. The High Court points out that according to the prosecuE, tion the special report reached the Ilaqa Magistrate at 11 AM. on September 2, 1966 i.e. more than 12 hours afterr the F.LR. was lodged at the police station, whereas it should been delivered to the Ilaqa Magistrate during the night or at least in the early morning. Counsel appearing for the appellants submitted that under the High Court Circulars ;μid the Police Rules it was incumbent upon the F _ Inspector who recorded the F .LR. to send a copy of the F,LR. to the llaqa Magistrate immediately without any loss of time and the delay in sending the FJ.R. has not been properly explained by the prosecution as rightly held by the High Court, It is, therefore, clear that the F l.R. itself was a belated document and came into existence during G the small hours of September 2, 1966. Indeed if this was so, then there was sufficient time for the prosecution party who are undoubtedly inimical to the accused to deliberate and prepare a false case not only against the four accused who have been acquitted, but against the other five appellants also, The High Court also found that, the best per&on to explain the delay in sending the special report to the llaqa H Magistrate was the Police Constable who had carried the F.I.R. to the Ilaqa Magistrate but that Constable has not been examined by the prosecution. On this point the High Court observed as follows : "The delay with which the special report was made available to the Ilaqa Magistrate is indicative of the fact that the first information report did not come into existence probably till about sunrise by when the dead body had already been despatcheld for the purpose of post-mortem examination to Patiala along with the .inquest report, so that the Investigating Officer was no longer in a position to make alterations in the body of that report and all that he could do was to • . - - BALAKA SINGH v. PUNJAB (Fazal ;tli, J.) 135 add later on the names of the said. four appellants to its A heading." This finding of the High Court is based on cogent materials and convincing reasons, but unfortunately the High Court has not considered the effect of this finding on the truth of the prosecution case with regard to the participation of the appellants. In our opinion, B i rl view of the finding given by the High Court it has been clearly established that the F.I.R. was lodged not at 10 P.M. as alleged by the prosecution but some time in the _early morning of September 2, J 966. If this was so, then the F.I.R. lost its authenticity. If the prosecution could go to the extent of implicating four innocent persons by inserting their names in the inquest report and in the F.I.R. which was written subsequent to the inquest report they could very well hav" put in the names of the other five appellants also because they were equally inimical to the prosecution party, and there could be no dilliculty in doing so because it is found by the High Court that all c the prosecution witnesses belonged to one party who are on inimical D tcnns with the accused. The suggestion of the appellants is that they were falsely implicated because the prosecution could not succeed in convicting Balaka Singh for the murder of Gurnam Singh in the previous murder case. It was to wreck fresh vengence on the accused that they had been E falsely implicated in the present case. It is true that there are as many as eight witnesses who are alleged to have seen the occurrence and they have given a parrot-like version of the entire case regarding the assault on the deceased by the various accused persons. All these witnesses have with one voice and with complete unanimity implicated even the four accused persons, acquitted by the High Court, equally F with the appellants making absolutely no distribution between one and the other. A perusal of the evidence of the prosecution witnesses would rhow that the prosecution case against the appellants and the four ,r.ccuse'd is so inextricably n)b