# [1972] 3 S.C.R. 149 - **Citation:** [1972] 3 S.C.R. 149 - **Court:** Supreme Court of India - **Decided:** 1972-01-20 - **Case number:** Election Petition No. 140 of 1970 - **Bench:** K. S. Hegde, A. N. Grover, A. N. Ray - **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/1972-3-s-c-r-149-5593 - **Pages:** 8 ## Headnote 149 U.P. Cooperati've Socleties Act, 1.965 and Cooperc. 1ti've Societies Rules>- 1961-Election of Committee of management of a society-S. 20 confer• one \'Ot.e on. one 1nenzber-lnterpretation of Rule 40_9 by. Registrar by which each n1en1ber would cast more than one vote was againse statute-- Regi'itrar has no power under RuJe 409 to issue such circular. Under s. 32 of the U.P. Cooperative Societies Act, 1965 the business to be conducted at the annual general meeting of a society includes inter alia election of the committee of management of the sochty. Under Rule 409 of the Act namely the Cooperative Societies Rules, 1967 a cooperative society may, for the purpose of the election of the Committee of management, with the· previous sanction of the Registrar of Cooperative Societies (a) divide its membership into different groups on territorial or any other rational basis, and (b) also specify the number or proportion of the members of the committee of management in such a manner that different areas or interests, as the case may be, in the society may, as far as may be, get suitable representation on the committee of management. On S 1'Jovember 1969' the Registrar issued a circular interpreting Rule 409 and laid clown the principle that "all lhe members of the general body" of the coo~tive society would "exercise their right of vote in filling all the seats of Clected Directors". Tho eledtions in the cooperative societies .concerned in tbe present appeals were held according. to the aforesaid· directions . given by the Registrar. The elections were challenged and ,.t asid.e iti proceedings. under the Act. On the question whether the cirCular lntetj>ieting · · Rule 409 issued by the Registrar was valid, this Court, · HELD : Under role 409 the principal matters to be kept in the foietront are these. First, the society will divide the coilstituencies w territorial basis or any ·other rational . basis. By territorial basis is. meant territory where the member will residi<. 'Residence is. tbOrefore 'the relative requirement of territorial basis. lf any other rational basis like occupation or vncatinn is determined to be the ballis of a cilmtituen.oy the persoos falling within the constituency will satisfy that test. Secondly, the society will specify the proportion of members of the committee in such a manner that different areas or interests may get suitable representation. The. inherent idea is that such areas or interest will obtain representation. If mem· bership is on territorial basis the different areas will get representatiOn according to the interest of such territories. Again, if '!C'fupltional « professional tests are . created for dividing groups such interests willlhhave· to be given suitable represeritation. Representation is therefore wi reference to areas or intere~ts. Judged by lite,. principles the impeached circular of the Registrar suffered from the vice of giving the' members the right of casting vote in constituencies to which they did not belong. This strikes at tire ba!ic rOot of the fight of representation. This., also reads as under the principle of one member one vote which is ,made a role elf law in the Act. [155 E-0) I 150 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1972] 3 S.C.R. The words 'affairs of the society' in s. ·20 cannot be equated with tho A constituencies to give each member a right to vote for each constituency. That would defeat the purpose of s. 20 and rule 409. The basic idea of representation for each constituency depends on the mandate of the respective constituency and not ofother constituencies. That is why s. 20 of tho Act speaks of one member having one vote irrespective of shareholding. It means equality of votes of members. [155 HJ The impeached circular of the Registrar was illegal and unwarranted. B The Registrar has no power to interpret rule 409. The Registrar has equally no power to express view with regard to the conduct of the election and regulate the voting rights by giving members more tha ## Text A B c D E F G H ZILEY SINGH, ETC • . v. REGISTRAR, CANE COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES, LUCKNOW AND ORS. January 20, 1972 [K. S. HEGDE, A. N. GROVER AND A. N. RAY, JJ.] 149 U.P. Cooperati've Socleties Act, 1.965 and Cooperc. 1ti've Societies Rules>- 1961-Election of Committee of management of a society-S. 20 confer• one \'Ot.e on. one 1nenzber-lnterpretation of Rule 40_9 by. Registrar by which each n1en1ber would cast more than one vote was againse statute-- Regi'itrar has no power under RuJe 409 to issue such circular. Under s. 32 of the U.P. Cooperative Societies Act, 1965 the business to be conducted at the annual general meeting of a society includes inter alia election of the committee of management of the sochty. Under Rule 409 of the Act namely the Cooperative Societies Rules, 1967 a cooperative society may, for the purpose of the election of the Committee of management, with the· previous sanction of the Registrar of Cooperative Societies (a) divide its membership into different groups on territorial or any other rational basis, and (b) also specify the number or proportion of the members of the committee of management in such a manner that different areas or interests, as the case may be, in the society may, as far as may be, get suitable representation on the committee of management. On S 1'Jovember 1969' the Registrar issued a circular interpreting Rule 409 and laid clown the principle that "all lhe members of the general body" of the coo~tive society would "exercise their right of vote in filling all the seats of Clected Directors". Tho eledtions in the cooperative societies .concerned in tbe present appeals were held according. to the aforesaid· directions . given by the Registrar. The elections were challenged and ,.t asid.e iti proceedings. under the Act. On the question whether the cirCular lntetj>ieting · · Rule 409 issued by the Registrar was valid, this Court, · HELD : Under role 409 the principal matters to be kept in the foietront are these. First, the society will divide the coilstituencies w territorial basis or any ·other rational . basis. By territorial basis is. meant territory where the member will residi<. 'Residence is. tbOrefore 'the relative requirement of territorial basis. lf any other rational basis like occupation or vncatinn is determined to be the ballis of a cilmtituen.oy the persoos falling within the constituency will satisfy that test. Secondly, the society will specify the proportion of members of the committee in such a manner that different areas or interests may get suitable representation. The. inherent idea is that such areas or interest will obtain representation. If mem· bership is on territorial basis the different areas will get representatiOn according to the interest of such territories. Again, if '!C'fupltional « professional tests are . created for dividing groups such interests willlhhave· to be given suitable represeritation. Representation is therefore wi reference to areas or intere~ts. Judged by lite,. principles the impeached circular of the Registrar suffered from the vice of giving the' members the right of casting vote in constituencies to which they did not belong. This strikes at tire ba!ic rOot of the fight of representation. This., also reads as under the principle of one member one vote which is ,made a role elf law in the Act. [155 E-0) I 150 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1972] 3 S.C.R. The words 'affairs of the society' in s. ·20 cannot be equated with tho A constituencies to give each member a right to vote for each constituency. That would defeat the purpose of s. 20 and rule 409. The basic idea of representation for each constituency depends on the mandate of the respective constituency and not ofother constituencies. That is why s. 20 of tho Act speaks of one member having one vote irrespective of shareholding. It means equality of votes of members. [155 HJ The impeached circular of the Registrar was illegal and unwarranted. B The Registrar has no power to interpret rule 409. The Registrar has equally no power to express view with regard to the conduct of the election and regulate the voting rights by giving members more than one vote. The society is to frame rules for elections. The rules and the bye-laws cannot be in derogation of the statute and statutory rules. At an election of members of the committee of managemeni one member will have only one vote for the constituency to which he belongs. [156 E] c The result was that the elections which were held following the circular <>f the Registrar were bad, • CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1533 of .. l971. .. Appeal by special leave from the judgment dated September D 18, 1971 of the S.D.0./ Arbitrator, Muza1farnagar . in Election Petition No. 140 of 1970. · AND Civil Appeals Nos. 1797 and 1798 ol 1971. Appeals by special leave from the judgments dated September 18, 1971 of the E District Magistrate/Registrar, Co-operative Societie8, Saharanpur in AP{>Cals Nos. 6 and 8 of 1971 wider s. 98(i)(h) U.P. Cooperative Societies Act. AND Special Leave Petition (Civil) No. 3254 of 1971 From the judgment dated September 16, 1971 of the Registrar, Co-operative Societies/District Magistrate Saharanpur in Appeal No. 5 of 1971 under section 98 ( i) (h) CO-Operative Societies Act.) F J. P. Goyal and V. C. Partishar, for the appellants (in C.As. G Nos. '1533 and 1797 of 1971) and the petitioners (in S.L.P. No. 3268 of 1971) R. K. Garg, S .. C. Agrawal and R. K. Jain, for the appellants (in C.A. No. 1798 of 1971) and the Petitio11,ers (in S.L.P. No. 3254 ot 1971) ff C. B. Agarwal and P. P. Juneja, lor respondents Nos. 7, 8 a·nd 11 to 13 (in C.A. 1533 of 1971) · ZILEY SINGH V. CANE COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES (Ray, J,) 151 A 0. P. Rana, for respondents Nos. 7 and 12 (in C.A. No. 1797 of 1972) and respondent No. 7 (in C.A. No. 1798 of 1971). B M. C. Setalvad, R. K. Garg, S. C. Agarwal and R. K. Jain, for the intervener. The Judgment of. the Court was delivered by Ray, J. These three appeals are by special leave. Civil Appeal No. 1533(N) of 1971 is by special leave against the judg• ment dated 18 September, 1971 of the Arbitrator setting aside the election of the Management Committee of the Co-operative Cane Development Union, ~hamli in an election petition filed under rule c 229(2) of the Co-operative Societies Rules, 1967 framed under the Uttar Pradesh Co-perative Societies Act, 1965 (hereinafter called the Act). A( the general meetings the members of the Committee of Management of the Society were elected by members of the Society. The Registrar of the U.P. H Co-operative Societies issued a circular dated S NCl'l'ember, 1969 interpming rule 409. of the U.P. Co-operative Societies Rules, 1968 (hereinafter called the Rules) and laid down the principle that all th~ members of the general body. ''of the Co-operative 152 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1972] 3 S.C.R Society would" exercise their right of vote in filling all the seats A of elected Directors." The ques1fon in the present appeals is whether the Registrar had power to issue the circular interpreting rule 409 and secondly whether that in~~rpretation is correct in terms of the Act and jhe Rules. The Act deals with Co-operative Societies and inter alia their B· members and their Committee of Management. The relevant sections for the purpose of present appeals and special leave petitions are sections 20, 29 and 32 of the Act. Section 20 of the Act speaks of vote of members. Under that section, a member of a Co-operative Society shall notwithstanding the quantum of his interest in the capital of the Society have one vote in the affairs of the Society. There are four provisos to section 20. Proviso (a) C deals with nominal or associate members who have no right of vote. Proviso (b) deals with a co-operative society, the State War~housing Corporation or a body corporate being a member of such society in which case each delegate of such co-operative society, State Warehous_ing Corporation or body corporate shall have one vote. Proviso (c) deals with the State Government or the [) Central Government being a member of such society in which case a nominee of the State Government or the Central Government shall have one vote. Proviso (d) deals with a group of members or any class of members partaking in the affairs of the society through a delegate or delegates each delegate having one vote. Section 29 of the Act deals with the Committee of ManageE men!.. The managemeJ)t of every co-operative society shall vest in a committee of rnruiagement. The tertn of the election members of the committee of. ml!nagement shall be such as may be provided in the rules and the bye-laws of the society. After the expliy of the term the co-operative society_ shall at the annual gel)eral meeting elect members 'for the committee of management as provided· F in section 32(i)(b) of the Act. If a society fails to elect members for the committee. of manage1nent the Registrar shall ca11 upon the society by order in _writing to elect such members witl)in ~hree months from the date of tlfe communication of the order. If the society still fails to elect the memb.ers for the committee of management, the Registrar may himself nominate such persons as under the rules and the bye-Jaws are qualified for being elected as memG bers of the committee of management. Within six months from the date of nomination made by the Registrar, the Registrar sh.all call a general meeting for electing members of the committee ·of management. Section 32 of the Act speaks of annual general meeting which H shall be held ooce in 'a co-operative year. A co,operative year means the year commencing the first day of July and ending on the 30th June of next following. One of the purposes Of the annual 'ZILEY SINGH V. CANE COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES (Ray, J.) 153 -" general meeting is election of the members of the committee of management in accordance with the provisions of the rules and of the bye-laws of the society. B c D Rule 409 ·is as,, follows :- "For the pur_J?oses of election to the membership of the committee of management a co-operative society may, with the previous sanction of the Registrar- ( a) divide its membership into different groups on territorial or any other rational basis, and (b) also specify the number or proportion of the member of the committee of management in such a manner that different areas or interests, as the case may be, in the soclety may, as far as may be, get suitable representation on the committee or management." In order to appreciate as to how rule 409 comes up for consideration in the present case it is necessary to refer to facts in Civil Appeal No. ,1533 (N) ·of 1971 as a typical case. The Shamli Cane Development Union Ltd., Shammli. U.P. was registered under the Co-operative Societies Act, 1912, It was deemed to be registered under the Act. The society had its E bye-laws with regard to the formation of the committee of management and its election including the election of the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman. The bye-laws provided for a committee of · management consisting of. 14 members. The committee of management elects a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman. The delegates constituting the general body of the society are divided into p 14 constituencies. Each constituency elects one Director. The delegates of the members of the society in a constituency elect a member of each single member constituency. The 14 members of the committee are elected on that basis whereby each delegate of each constituency exercises one vote for electing a member of that constituency. G The Secretary of the society fixed 13 October. 1970 as the date for filing the nomination for the office of the committee of management. · 17 October, 1970 was the date for scrutiny of nomination papers. 19 October, 1970 was the date for withdrawal of nomination papers. 28 October, 1970 was the date of poll. By a letter dated 14 October, 1970 the Registrar, Co- . II operative Societies directed t.'iat "the election of the members of the managing committee shall be done by all the representatives of the area of the society and not by the representatives of the related constituencies alone. This means that every representative ll-L864Sup.Cl/72 . 154 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [197?] 3 S,C.R. shall have as many votes as the members are to be elected":· Ill A short, the Registrar's. inlerpretation of rule 409 as well as 1he letter stated that each delegate would vote for 14 members of the committee of management and thus each delegate would exercise 14 votes. The rival contentions which.fall for determination are whether I the right of vote for eleetion of a member of the coiiuni.ttee ot mana,gement is confined to the delegates of the members of that particular constituency or whether a delegate would have the right to vote for all the constituencies constituting the committee of management. As to the power of the Registrar. to interpret rule 409 it will C appear that the rule does not confer any power on the Registrar to interpret or to express views to guide the lights of members .to vote at the annual general meeting for the purposes of election cl the committee of management. On the contrary, under rule 409 the Co-operative Society may with the previous .sanction of the Registrar ( i) divide its membership into different groups on . tertj; 0 to rial or any other rational basis and .(ii) also specify the numbeJ or propoition of the members of the committee of management in such a manner that dilferent areas or interests, as the case may be, in the society may, as far.as may be, get suilable representatioo on the committee of management. Therefore, under rule 409 a co-operative society can divide its membership into different a groups on territorial or any other rational bru;is for. the pUfP95C' of election of the mem.Qers of the committee. · Tbc rule also cmt• powers the . society to apportion the membership of the committot of· management amongst .different groups intQ. which the member• ship is divided. The number or proportion of members of the committee of management will have to be apportioned in such a ., manner that the dilferent areas or interests into which the meni. bership of the society are .. divided may pbtain suitable represcn• Ill lion on the committee of management. The entire purpose ,of division of membership into different groups and specifying :luitable representation of such group on the committee .of .. manage, ment is to emphasise the right of the particular group to send its representative to the committee. To illustrate if. a . !Ociety is cl divided into 14 separate groups on a territorial basis and one membciit of the cpmmittee cl management is allotted to' each group and :if delegates of one group have the right to cast· 14 .voti!S t'No consequences will follow. First, the right of cho0$ittg a 'rq!i'esentative 'Of tfie constituency will be! 'not confined· to that• co!IM$. tuency but will be enlarged to 91Jtiliders in other ~des. K Secondly; a member of the committee from one constituency nmy be elected by a majority of votes. ,f'ifnii delegates of other OOrJ.su:. tuencies. If delegares residing oti~ide a' territorial · c6ilstitllency "' . ZILBY SINGH v. CANB COOPBRATIVB SOCIBTIBS (Ray, I.) 155 A take part at the election for member of a committee from territorial constituency within which he· is not a resident it will not only amollll't to enlarging the right of representation be)'ond one'• territorial basis but also 'deny the delegate. within the constituency the right of electing their own representative. B It Wllfi s!IJ.d on behalf of the appellants that section 20 of the Act speaks of a member of the co-operative society having one vote in tlie affairs of the society with the result that each member is entitled to exercise ·as many votes as the members of the committee of management. Accent was placed on the words 'affairs of the society' and it was said that the constitution of the come mittee of management was one of the principal affairs of the society and therefore each member would bl:: entitle9. to cast as many votes as the strength of the committee .ol' management. The fallacy lies in overlooking the significant words in secticn 20 !Jf the Act that a member shall have one vote. It may also be noticed that if each member exercises by way of illustration 14 votes in regard to 14 members of the committee each member shall be.exercising D 14 votes in the affairs of the society. Under rule 409 the principal matters to be kept in the forefront are these. First, the society will divide the constituencies on territorial basis or any other rational basis. By territorial basis is meant territory where. the member will reside. Residence is E thetefore the relative requirement of territorial basis. If any other rational basis· like .occupation or vocation is determined to be the .basis of a constituency the persons falling within the constituenoy .will satisfy that test. Secondly, the society will specify the proportion af members of the committee in such a manner that different areas or interests may get suitable· representation. The inherent idea is that such areas or interests will obtain repreF ~ent~tion. ,,Jf ~bership is on territorial basis the different areas wlll get' representation according to .the interest of such territories. Again, if occu1?ational or vocational or professional tests are ~reated . for diV1d~ groups such interests will have to be given $Uitable · rePreseJ\tation. Representation is therefore with reference to areas or interests. Judged by these principles the impeached G circl!lar of the Registrar suffers from the vice of giving the members the ri.dit of •casting vote in constituencies to which they do not belong. This strikes at the basic root of right of representation. This also reads as under the principle of one member one vote· which is made into ·a rule of law in the Act. [15 5 E-G] The words 'affairs of the society' cannot be equated with the H Constituencies to give each member a right to vote for each constituency. That would defeat the purpose of section 20 and rule 409. Tho basic idea of a representative for each constituency _156 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1972] 3 _S.C.R. depends on the mandate of the respective COllStituency and not A of other constituencies. That.is why section 20 of the. Act speaks of one member having one vote irre>pective of shardwlding. It means equality of votes of members. The constitution of the committee of management is indisputably one of the affairs of the society. If each member exercises B franchise with respect to the representation from his constituency he is not in any manner prevented from having a right to partake in the affairs of the society through a member elected from the constituency. Some reliance was placed by counsel for the appellants on rule 105 in support of the contention that every member would C have one vote for each member of the committee of management. Rule 105 occurs in Chapter VII relating to meetings and speaks of matters before a committee being decided by a majority of vobls of the members present. That rule obviously has no reference to election but only to passing of resolution by majority at meetings. It is obvious that members of the committee of management will D have the right to vote at all matters at the meeting and matters will be decided by a majority of votes. The impeached circular of the Registrar is illegal and unwarranted Registrar has no power to iDterptet rule 409. The Registrar has equally no power to eKpreSS view with regard to conduct of the election and regulate the V01ing rights by giving the members _ K more than one vote. The society. is to frame rules •for ~lections. Ruley require the sanction of the Registrar. Tiie rules and the bye-laws cannot be in derogatiQn of the statute and statutory rules. At an election of members of the committee of management one member will have only one vote for the constituency to which he belongs. The result is that the elections which were held follbwing the circular of the Registrar are bad. For these reasons the three appeals fail and are dismissed. The two 'special leave petitions are illso dismissed. Parties will pay and bear their own costs. G.C. Appeals dismissed. G (