# 23.7 SUPREME GENERAL FILMS EXCHANGE LTD v. ms HIGHNESS MAHARAJA SIR BRIJNATH SINGHJI DEO OF MAIHAR & ORS - **Citation:** [1976] 1 S.C.R. 237 - **Court:** Supreme Court of India - **Decided:** 1975-08-04 - **Case number:** Civil Appeal No. 1041 of 1968 - **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/23-7-supreme-general-films-exchange-ltd-v-ms-highness-maharaja-sir-brijnath-6491 - **Pages:** 9 ## Headnote A \ ' B c G H 23.7 SUPREME GENERAL FILMS EXCHANGE LTD. v. ms HIGHNESS MAHARAJA SIR BRIJNATH SINGHJI DEO OF MAIHAR & ORS.. August 4, 1975 . [M. H. BEG ,AND A. C. GUPTA, JJ.] Specific Rt'lief Act, 1877-S. 42---Scopc of Transfer of Properly Act s. 52 scope of. The plaintiff-respondents was a mortgagee in respect of a cinema theatre of which the appellant claimed to be a lessee in occupation. A comprom:se decree was passed on 7th May, 1960 in the suit filed by the plaintiff-respondent against the n1ortg~gor by which it was agreed that the amounts due would be realised by the sale of the theatre. The Central Bank of India, another creditor of the mortgagor, assigned its rights under the decree to the pla'..ntiff-respondent. The tBeatre was attached in the course of the execution of the decree. The original lease of 1940 \Vhich the appellant cOmpany had entered into, expired in 1946 but the company continued as a tenant holding over until the impugned lease dectl of -1956 was executed. The appellant company filed a suit in 1954 for the spec:.fic performance of the agreement to lease. The lease deed of 1956 purported to carry out the terms of that compromise decree. In this suit the plaintiff-respondent was not impleaded as a party. J1ie plaintiff-respondent claimed that the lease of 1956 was void as it was struck by ss. 52 and 65A of the Transfer of Property Act and s. 64 of the Code of Civil Procedure. The appellant company on the other hand, claimed that a suit of the nature filed by the pla'ntiffrespondent di.d not lie as it fell outside the purview of s. 42 of the Specific Relief :\ct, 1877. The trial court decreed the plaintiff-respondent's suit. The ~ppel lant'-s appeal \vas dismissed by the High Court. Dismissing ihe appeal, HELD: (1) The circumstances in \Vhich a declaratory decree under s. 42, Specific Relief Act should be awarded is a matter of discretion depending upon the facts of each case. A complete stranger whose interest is not affected by another's legal character or who has no interest in another's property could not get a declaration under s. 42, Specific Relief Act with reference to the legal character or the property involved. S.uch is not the present case. The plaintiffrespondent had not only· the rights of a nlortgagee decree-holder with regilrd, to tile property involved, but he was also the assignee of the rights of the Bank \Vhich had got the property in question attached in execution of its de:ree. The p!::tintiff-respondent possessed sufficient legal interest in the theatre as a mortgagee as well as an assignee of a decree-holder, who had got the property attached before he filed his su~t, so as to enable him to sue for the declarations he sought. }{e was not seeking a merely whimsical or eccentric or an unreasonable declaration of a right in property with no enforceable legal claims over it which could ' remain unaffec'.ed by the appellant's claims as a lessee. [242G-243C] Sfzeoparsan Singh & Ors. v. Ranu1anda11 Singh (since deceased) & Ors. 43 I A 91 held inapplicable. Deokali Koer v. Keda.r Nath ILR 39 Cal. 704 @ 707; Bai Shti ·vaktuha \'. Thakore Agarsinghji Raisinghji ILR 34 Bombay 676 @ 680; Kishori Lal v. Bet: Raj & Ors. AIR 1952 Punjab 3_87 and Ran1araghava Reddy & Ors. v. Kondurll Scslrn Reddy & 2 Ors. [1966] (Suppl.) SCR p. 270 @ 277 referred to. (2) The plaintiff needed a declaration and in the circumstances of the case the declaration sought for could not be reasonably denied to him. From the plead'.ngs it is clear that the appe11ant had actually denied the plaintiff-respondent'srights as a mortgagee and also the validity of the compromise decree. The respondents had reasonable grounds to apprehend that the appellant will rely upon its alleged lease to resist delivery of actual possession to_ an auction purchaser. The existence of lessee rights would certainly affect the price \Vhich an auction purcha5er would be prepared to pay for the property. [243C-F] 2-L839Sup.CI/75 238 SUPREME COURT REP ## Text A \ ' B c G H 23.7 SUPREME GENERAL FILMS EXCHANGE LTD. v. ms HIGHNESS MAHARAJA SIR BRIJNATH SINGHJI DEO OF MAIHAR & ORS.. August 4, 1975 . [M. H. BEG ,AND A. C. GUPTA, JJ.] Specific Rt'lief Act, 1877-S. 42---Scopc of Transfer of Properly Act s. 52 scope of. The plaintiff-respondents was a mortgagee in respect of a cinema theatre of which the appellant claimed to be a lessee in occupation. A comprom:se decree was passed on 7th May, 1960 in the suit filed by the plaintiff-respondent against the n1ortg~gor by which it was agreed that the amounts due would be realised by the sale of the theatre. The Central Bank of India, another creditor of the mortgagor, assigned its rights under the decree to the pla'..ntiff-respondent. The tBeatre was attached in the course of the execution of the decree. The original lease of 1940 \Vhich the appellant cOmpany had entered into, expired in 1946 but the company continued as a tenant holding over until the impugned lease dectl of -1956 was executed. The appellant company filed a suit in 1954 for the spec:.fic performance of the agreement to lease. The lease deed of 1956 purported to carry out the terms of that compromise decree. In this suit the plaintiff-respondent was not impleaded as a party. J1ie plaintiff-respondent claimed that the lease of 1956 was void as it was struck by ss. 52 and 65A of the Transfer of Property Act and s. 64 of the Code of Civil Procedure. The appellant company on the other hand, claimed that a suit of the nature filed by the pla'ntiffrespondent di.d not lie as it fell outside the purview of s. 42 of the Specific Relief :\ct, 1877. The trial court decreed the plaintiff-respondent's suit. The ~ppel lant'-s appeal \vas dismissed by the High Court. Dismissing ihe appeal, HELD: (1) The circumstances in \Vhich a declaratory decree under s. 42, Specific Relief Act should be awarded is a matter of discretion depending upon the facts of each case. A complete stranger whose interest is not affected by another's legal character or who has no interest in another's property could not get a declaration under s. 42, Specific Relief Act with reference to the legal character or the property involved. S.uch is not the present case. The plaintiffrespondent had not only· the rights of a nlortgagee decree-holder with regilrd, to tile property involved, but he was also the assignee of the rights of the Bank \Vhich had got the property in question attached in execution of its de:ree. The p!::tintiff-respondent possessed sufficient legal interest in the theatre as a mortgagee as well as an assignee of a decree-holder, who had got the property attached before he filed his su~t, so as to enable him to sue for the declarations he sought. }{e was not seeking a merely whimsical or eccentric or an unreasonable declaration of a right in property with no enforceable legal claims over it which could ' remain unaffec'.ed by the appellant's claims as a lessee. [242G-243C] Sfzeoparsan Singh & Ors. v. Ranu1anda11 Singh (since deceased) & Ors. 43 I A 91 held inapplicable. Deokali Koer v. Keda.r Nath ILR 39 Cal. 704 @ 707; Bai Shti ·vaktuha \'. Thakore Agarsinghji Raisinghji ILR 34 Bombay 676 @ 680; Kishori Lal v. Bet: Raj & Ors. AIR 1952 Punjab 3_87 and Ran1araghava Reddy & Ors. v. Kondurll Scslrn Reddy & 2 Ors. [1966] (Suppl.) SCR p. 270 @ 277 referred to. (2) The plaintiff needed a declaration and in the circumstances of the case the declaration sought for could not be reasonably denied to him. From the plead'.ngs it is clear that the appe11ant had actually denied the plaintiff-respondent'srights as a mortgagee and also the validity of the compromise decree. The respondents had reasonable grounds to apprehend that the appellant will rely upon its alleged lease to resist delivery of actual possession to_ an auction purchaser. The existence of lessee rights would certainly affect the price \Vhich an auction purcha5er would be prepared to pay for the property. [243C-F] 2-L839Sup.CI/75 238 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1976] 1 s.c.R. ~3) A-s .the special doctrine of /is pendens is applicable the purported lease of 1956 was invalid from the outset. The_ lease of 1956 purported to create entirely new rights "[Jendente lite. It \Vas therefore struck by tlie doctrine of /is pendens embodied in s. 52 of the Transfer of Property Act. The terms of the ccn1promise decree in the appellant's suit against the mortgagor and the lease deed of 1956 purported to confer upon the appellant new rights. There are good grounds for suspecting that the compromise in the suit for specific performance was adopted as a device to get round legal difficulties in the execution of the 1ea3c of 1956 in favour of the appellant company. [243G-244A, C] Bisha11 Singh & 0.rs. v. K/1a:;,a11 Singh & Anr. ll959] SCR 878 and Jayardnz Mudaliar v. Ayyaswan1i & Ors. [1973] ( 1) SCR 139, referred to. (4) The lease of 1956 was struck by the provisions of s. 64 C.P.C. Section 64 constitutes a spec~al application of the doctrine of /is pendens in the circum- -stances specified there. The order of the trial ·Court shows ~hat the compromise had been arrived at between the decree-holder and the judgment-debtor under which the decree-holder had agreed to lift attachment of property except with regard to the theatre which was to continue. It is, therefore, difficult to hold that the con.current findings of the trial court and the High Court that the theatre was attached in execution of a decree and that th!s attachment was in existence \Vhen the i1npugned lease was executed in 1956 are erroneous. [244G-245A] CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1041 of 1968. Appeal by Special Leave from the Judgment and Decree dated the 30th day of August, 1967 of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in First Appeal No. 8 of 1966 and Special Leave Petitions (Civil) Nos. 2494 & 2533 of 1974. From the judgment. and order dated the 30th September, 1974 of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in Civil Review No. 456 of 1974. A B c D D. V. Patel, P. R. Naolokar, H. K. Puri and K. K. Mohan, for the E appellant (In C.A. No. 1041/68). -·A. K. Sen, S. K. Gambhir and K. P. Gupta, for respondent no. 1 (V) & 2. T. V. S. N. Chari and Urmila Sirur, for L.Rs of respondent 3 (In C.A. No. 1041/68). F D. V. Patel, N. M. Ghatate, S. Ba/akrishnan and P. R. Nao/ak~r. for petitioners (In S.L.Ps.). A. K .. Sen, S. K. Mukherjee, K. P. Gupta and S. K. Gambhir, for respondent No. 1 (In both the S.L.Ps.) T. V. S. N, Chari and Urmila Sirur, for respondent no. 2 (In both G the S.L.Ps l. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by BEG, J. ·The plaintiff-respondent had filed a smt m the District Judge's Court at Jabalpur claiming a declaration that a lease executed in favour of the Defendant-Appellant, M/s. Supreme General Films Exchange Ltd., (hereinafter referred to as 'the Company'), in respect H of Sunder Vilas Theatre (now known as Plaza Talkies) by its former owners, Jiwan Das Bhatia and his sons (hereinafter referred to as 'the Bhatias'), is void and ineffective against the plaintiff's rights under ' , ' y B c D E F G H SUPREME GENERAL FILMS v. BRIJNATH (Beg, J.) 239 decrees obtained in Civil Suit No. 15A of 1954 dated 7-5-60 and in Civil Suit No: 3B of 1952 dated 20-4-1954 iu execution of which the Theatre had been attached. The plaintiff wanted the declaration also to make it clear that an auction purchaser, purchasing the theatre in execution of either of the two decrees, gets rights free from any obligation towards the Defendant-Appellant under the void lease. The former owners of the threatre, the Bhatias, had borrowed Rs. 2,50,000/- from the Plaintiff-Respondent, a Maharaja, against the security of bales of cotton. On 29-12-1951, they executed a registered mortgage deed in respect of the Plaza Theatre.in favour of the plaintiff as the price of pledged goods was insufficient to satisfy the dues. The plaintiff, unable to recover the amount due, hdd brought Civil Suit No. 15A of 1954 in which a compromise decree was passed on 7-5-1960, in terms of an agreement between the parties that amounts due will- be realised by the sale of Plaza theatre. · · The Central Bank of India, another creditor of Bhatias, had brought Civil Suit No. 3B of 1952 and obtained a decree for Rs. 1,24,000/- on 29-4-1952. Rights under this decree were assigned in favour of the plaintiff-respondent. The Plaza theatre, together with other properties of Bhatias, was attache_d on 4-5-1955 in the course of execution of that decree. The appellant company claimed to be a lessee in occupation of the theatre where it had carried on the business of running a Cinema under an unregistered lease obtained on 27-2-1940. The lease of 1940 had expired on 10-4-1946. The Company continued as a tenant holding over until the impugned lease deed of 30-3-1956 was executed. lf this was a valid lease, it would have conferred upon the company the right to be a tenant of the property under the lease for eight years, from 10-2-1956 to 10-2-1964, with an option for a renewal until 10-2-1970. Titis lease was executed after the company had iiled a suit (No. 16A of 1954) on 20-11-1954 for the specific pcrformanc~ of an agreement to lease contained in a letter dated 19-7-1948. A compromise decree . was passed on 24-3-1956 in this suit also. T)1e lease deed of 30-31956 purported to carry out the terms -of that compromise decree passed in a suit in which the plaintiff was not impleadcd at all. The plaintiff's case was that the lease of 30-3-1956 was void as it was struck by three statutory provisions, namely, section 52 of the Transfer of Pnperty Act, Section 65A of the Transfer of Property Act, •and Section 64 of the Civil Procedure Code. The d.efendant-appellant compai,1y, in addition to denying the alleged nghts of the plaintiff to the benefits of these provisions, pleaded that. a snit of the nature filed by the plaintiff did not lie at all as it fell outside the purview of Section 42 of the Specific Relief Act, 1877, altogether. The Trial Court and the High Court, after having over-ruled the pleas of the defendant·appellant, had decreed the plaintiff's suit. The defendant company obtained special leave to appeal to this Court under Article 136 of the Constitution. 240 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1976] 1 S.C.R. Learned Counsel for the appellant company tried to persuade us to hold that the plaintiff had neither a legal character nor any such present right in any property for which a declaration could be granted under Section 42 of the Specific Relief Act 1877 (re-enacted as Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act of 1963). Furthermore, he contended that the defendant-company had never denied any of the rights of the plaintiff. Finally, he submitted that, in any case, no declaration at all was needed by the plaintiff if the lease of 1956, executed by the former owners of the theatre in favour of the defendant-appellant, was void. These arguments rest on the assumption that no declaratory relief ca:1 be granted outside the ambit of Section 42 of the Specific Relief Act, 1877 which read as follows : "42. Discretion of Court as to declarations of status or right. ... Any person entitled to any legal character, or to any right as to any property, may institute a suit against any person denying, or interested to deny, his title to such character or right, and the Court may in its discretion make therein a declaration that he is so entitled, and the plaintiff need not in such suit ask for any further relief : Bar to such declaration .... Provided that no Court shall make any such declaration where the plaintiff, being able to seek further relief then a mere declaration of title, omits to do so. Explanation .... A trustee of property is a "person interested to deny" a title adverse to the title of some one who is not in existence, and for whom, if in existence, he would be a trustee". Learned Counsel for the appellant sought to support his argumcn ts by citing: Deokalikoer v. Kedar Nath(I); Sheoparsan Singh & Ors. v. Ramnandan Singh (since deceased) & Ors.(2); Bai Shri Vaktuba v. Thakore Agarsinghji Raisinghji(3 ); Kis/zori Lal v. Beg Raj & Ors.(4 ) Deokali Koer's case (supra) arose out of a dispute on the amount of court fee payable. It was observed there that the history of "decrees merely declaratory" indicated that these were innovations given authoritative sanction in England by Section 50 of the Chancery Procedu:re Act, 1852. It was pointed out that Section 15 of the Civil Procedu:re Code of 1859 extended tl1is recognition to decrees in suits in .tbis country by enacting that "no suit sball be open to objection on the ground that a merely declaratory decree or order is sought thereby and it shall be lawful for the Civil Courts to make binding declarations of right without granting consequential relief". This provision was repealed by Act 10 of 1877 as this form of relief was recognised by Section 42 of Specific Relief Act I of 1877 subject to the limitation indicated there. Jenkins C.J., explained the new provision as follows (at p. 709) : (I) I. L. R. Cal. 704 @ 707. (2) 43 I. A. 91. (3) I. L. R. 34 Bombay 676 @ 680. (4) A.T.R. 1952 Punjab 387 B • c D E • F G .. H ,. A B c D E SUPREME GENERAL FILMS V. BRIJNATH (Beg, J.) 241 "The terms of the section are not a precise reproduction of the provision contained in the Act of 1859 and the English Law : in one direction they are more comprehensive, in another more limited. It is common tradition that the section was designed to be a substantial reproduction of the scotch action of declarator, but whether this be so or not is of no great moment. We have to be guided by its provisions as they are expressed. The section does not sanction every form of declaration, but only a declaration that the plaintiff is entitled to any legal character or to any right as to any property; it is the disregard "of this that accounts for the multiform and, at times, eccentric declarations which find a place in Indian plaints". In Deokali's case (supra), the learned Chief Justice pointed out that one declaration sought _by the plaintiff there seemed designed to get round the need to set aside a decree on grounds of fraud and collusion. He held two other declarations sought to be vague. He, however, explained (at p. 710) : "I would only add this that the limit imposed by Section 42 is on decrees which are merely declaratory, and does not expressly extend to decrees in which relief is administered. and declarations are embodied as introductory to that relief. For such declarations legislative sanction is not required : they rest on long established practice. But for all that the Court should be circumspect and even chary as to the declarations it makes : it is ordinarily enough that relief should be granted without the declaration". In Deokali's case (supra), the plaintiff's suit was not thrown out on a preliminary ground, hut the plaintiff was given an opportunity to amend the plaint by asking for a consequential relief for setting aside the impugned decree and paying an additional court fee. The case F could have only an indirect hearing on the case now before us where no question of a payment of any additional court-fee after adding a consequential relief involved arises. The observations made in Deokali's case must be read in the context of what arose for decision there. G H In Sheoparsan Singh & Ors. case (supra), what was really held by the Privy Council was that a grant of probate under the Probate and Administration Act (V of 1881), which operated as a judgn1ent in rem, could not be collaterally assailed by a suit for a declaration brought by reversioners seeking to question the will. Sir Lawrence Jenkins who had, incidentally, decided Deokali Koer's case (supra) too said (at p. 97) : "It is not suggested that in this litigation the testamentary jurisdiction is, or can be, invoked, and yet there can be no doubt that this suit is an attempt to evade or annul the adjudication in the testamentary suit, and nothing more." 242 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1976] 1 S.C.R. We think that the decision in this case also does not assist the appellant mnch. In Bai Shri Vaktuba's case (supra), the Bombay High Court held that a Talukdar plaintiff could bring a suit for a declaration and an injunction to restrain the defendant from claiming that he was the plaintiff's son. Learned Counsel for the appellant, however, relied upon the following passage from it (at p. 680) : "It has long been established that the general powet vested in the Courts in India under the Civil Procedure Code to entertain all suits of a civil nature excepting suits of which cognizance is barred by any enactment for the time being in force, does not carry with it the general power of making declarations except in so far as such power is expressly conferred by statute." Kishori Lal's case (supra) was cited to show that declaratory dec· rees falling outside Section 42 of the Specific Relief Act are not permissible because Section 42 Specific Relief Act is exhaustive on this subject. This view must be held to have been rejected by this Court when it declared in Veruareddi Ramaraghava Reddy & Ors. v. Konduru Ses/m Reddy & 2 Ors.(1) (at p. 277) ; "In our opinion, S. 42 of the Specific Relief Act is not exhaustive of the cases in which a declaratory decree may be made and the courts have power to grant such a decree independently of the requirements of the section. It follows, therefore, in the present case that the suit of the plaintiff for a declaration ihat the compromise decree is not binding on the deity is maintainable as falling outside the purview of s._ 42 of the Specific Relief Act". The result is that Section 42 merely gives statutory recognition to a well-recognised type of declaratory relief