# ABDUL W AHEED KHAN v. BHA W ANI AND ORS

- **Citation:** [1966] 3 S.C.R. 617
- **Court:** Supreme Court of India
- **Decided:** 1966-02-21
- **Case number:** Civil Appeal No. 1039 of 1963
- **Bench:** K. Subba Rao, V. Ramaswami
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/abdul-w-aheed-khan-v-bha-w-ani-and-ors-3628
- **Pages:** 6

## Headnote

Bhopal State Land Revenue Act (4 of 1932), ss. 71, 89, 93, 95 and
200(1)-Suit based on title-If barred by decision of revenue officer.
The suit of the appellant as khatedar of the land in dispute, for eject·
ment of the respondents on the ground that they were shikmi tenants, wM
decreed by the Tahsildar under s. 71 of the Bhopal Stato Land Revenue
Act 1932.
Within 12 years of the date of their dispossession the respoi{dents filed the suit against the appellant in the civil court, claiming
to be the khatedars and for possession. The lower courts and the High
Court held that the decision of the revenue court did not bar the jurisdiction of the civil court on the question of title to the suit land and
decreed the suit.
In appeal to this Court,
HELD: Section 200(1) of the Act, read with ss. 71, 89, 93 and 95,
does not exclude the jurisdiction of the civil court to entertain a suit based
on title.
[ 621 E-FJ
Section 200(1) bars the civil court from entertaining a suit with respect to any matter which a revenue officer is empowered by the Act to
determine. But the question of title is a matter foreign to the scope
of s. 71. The Tahsildar is no doubt empowered under s. 93 to decide on
any dispute about any entry to be made in the Record of rights showing
the persons who are holders of land, but, under s. 95, the effect of such
an entry is only to make it a presumptive piece O!f evidllllce in a collateral
proceeding such as a suit based on title.
Therefore, it is assumed that
such a suit could be filed in spite of a decision under s. 93. The suit was
within time under Art. 142, Limitation Act, 1908, and since the High
Court and tho lower courts held that the presumption raised by the entry
was rebutted by the oral and documentary evidence adduced by the respondent>, tho correctness of the concurrent findings of fact could not be
canvassed in the appeal under Art. 136.
(621 B, C; 622 B, CJ

## Text

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ABDUL W AHEED KHAN
v.
BHA W ANI AND ORS.
February 21, 1966
[K. SUBBA RAO AND V. RAMASWAMI, JJ.]
Bhopal State Land Revenue Act (4 of 1932), ss. 71, 89, 93, 95 and
200(1)-Suit based on title-If barred by decision of revenue officer.
The suit of the appellant as khatedar of the land in dispute, for eject·
ment of the respondents on the ground that they were shikmi tenants, wM
decreed by the Tahsildar under s. 71 of the Bhopal Stato Land Revenue
Act 1932.
Within 12 years of the date of their dispossession the respoi{dents filed the suit against the appellant in the civil court, claiming
to be the khatedars and for possession. The lower courts and the High
Court held that the decision of the revenue court did not bar the jurisdiction of the civil court on the question of title to the suit land and
decreed the suit.
In appeal to this Court,
HELD: Section 200(1) of the Act, read with ss. 71, 89, 93 and 95,
does not exclude the jurisdiction of the civil court to entertain a suit based
on title.
[ 621 E-FJ
Section 200(1) bars the civil court from entertaining a suit with respect to any matter which a revenue officer is empowered by the Act to
determine. But the question of title is a matter foreign to the scope
of s. 71. The Tahsildar is no doubt empowered under s. 93 to decide on
any dispute about any entry to be made in the Record of rights showing
the persons who are holders of land, but, under s. 95, the effect of such
an entry is only to make it a presumptive piece O!f evidllllce in a collateral
proceeding such as a suit based on title.
Therefore, it is assumed that
such a suit could be filed in spite of a decision under s. 93. The suit was
within time under Art. 142, Limitation Act, 1908, and since the High
Court and tho lower courts held that the presumption raised by the entry
was rebutted by the oral and documentary evidence adduced by the respondent>, tho correctness of the concurrent findings of fact could not be
canvassed in the appeal under Art. 136.
(621 B, C; 622 B, CJ
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1039 of
1963.
Appeal by special leave from the judgment and order dated
June 24, 1959 of the Madhya Pradesh High Court iu Civil Second
Appeal No. 8 of 1957 .
N. N. Keswani and Urmilla Kapur, for the appellant.
B. Sen, C. L. Sanghi and A. G. Ratnaparkhi, for the respondents.
The Judgment of the Court as delivered by:
Sobba Rao, J. This appeal by special leave raises mainly the
question whether a civil court had jurisdiction to entertain the
618
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
(1966] 3 S.C.R.
sui~ filed by the respondents for the recovery of possession of the
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plamt-schedulc land and mesnc profits.
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. l)ie relevant facts may be briefly stated: The respondents,
clrummg to be the khatedars of an extent of 57.07 acres of land in
Mau.za B~anpur, Tahsil Huzur, Western District Bhopal, filed
a suit against the appellant on the ground that the latter was in
illegal possession thereof.
The appellant contested the suit mainly
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on the ground that he was the khatedar of the said land and that he
w:is in possession thereof in that capacity. He also pleaded that
his title to the property was declared by the Tahsildar in an application for ejectment filed by him against the respondents under the
Bhopal State Land Revenue Act, 1932 (Act No. IV of 1932), hereinafter called the Act, and that the said decision would be a bar to
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the maintainability of the suit in a civil court.
The learned Subordinate Judge, Bhopal, held that the respondents were the khatedars of the suit land and that they had
been in possession thereof in that capacity.
He held that the
suit was maintainable in a civil court.
On appeal, the Additional District Judge agreed with the
findings arrived at by the trial court.
On second appeal to the Madhya Pradesh High Court, Shiv
Dayal, J., of that Court, after admitting certain notifications as
evidence, came to the same conclusion both on the question of
title and on the
question of jurisdiction. In the result he
dismissed the second appeal.
Hence the present appeal by special leave.
Mr. Keswani, learned counsel for the appellant, raised before
us a number of points; but his arguments may conveniently be
crystallized into the following points: (I) whether the decision of the
revenue court on the question of title to the suit land bars the jurisdiction of the civil court; (2) whether the concurrent finding given
by the lower courts on the question of title was vitiated by an error
of law by the courts wrongly throwing the burden of establishing
title on the appellant notwithstanding
the fact that in the
Record of Rights the said land was entered in the name of the
appellant; and (3) whether the suit was barred by limitation. The
other questions mooted by him were pure questions of fact and,
therefore, they need not be noticed.
To appreciate the first question it is necessary to notice a few
facts.
The appellant as klwtedar of the land in dispute had filed
a suit under s. 71 of the Act in the court of the Tahsildar, Tahsil
Huzur, Bhopal for the ejcctment of the respondents on the ground
that they were his shikmi tenants. The said court held that the
appellant was the khatedar of the land in dispute and the responD
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ABDUL WAHEED v. BHAWANI (Subba Rao, /.)
619'
dents were his shikmi tenants. The present contention is that the
said decree was given by a court of exclusive jurisdiction and,
therefore, the respondents could not reagitate the same subjectmatter in a civil court.
Under s. 9 of the Code of Civil Procedure, a civil court can
entertain a suit of a civil nature except a suit of which its cognizance
is either expressly or impliedly barred. It is settled principle that
it is for the party who seeks to oust the jurisdiction of a civil court
to establish his contention. It is also equally well settled that a
statute ousting the jurisdiction of a civil court must be strictly construed.
The question is whether a suit based on title of a khatedar and for possession is either expressly or by necessary implication barred by the provisions of the Act. The relevant provisions
of the Act may now be read:
Section 200 (i) Except as otherwise provided in this
Act, or in any other enactment for the time being in force
no civil court shall entertain any suit instituted or application made to obtain a decision or order on any matter which
the Government or any revenue officer is, by this Act,
empowered to determine, decide or dispose of, and in particular and without prejudice to the generality of this provision, no civil court shall exercise jurisdiction over any
of the following matters :
Cls. (a) to (u)
No reliance is placed on the matters described in els. (a) to (u) of
this section. But it is said that under the other provisions of the
Act a revenue officer is empowered to determine, decide or dispose
of a question of title of a person to a land as khatedar and, therefore, a suit in a civil court is barred in terms of s. 200(1). The first
section relied upon in that context is s. 71, which reads:
"A shikmi may be ejected by order of the Tahsildar
if he fails to vacate land on the termination of his lawful
possession or does anything in contravention of his agreement, if any, provided that no ejectment shall take effect
before the commencement of the next agricultural year."
"Shikmi" is defined under the Act to mean a person who holds
land from an occupant and is or but for a contract, would be
liable to pay rent for such land to that occupant, but does not
include a mortgagee or a person holding .land directly from Government. "Occupant" is defined to mean "a person who holds
land direct from Government or would do so but the right of
collecting land revenue having been assigned or relinquished." Section 71, therefore, presupposes the existence of a legal relationship
of landlord and tenant and enables the occupant to evict his shikmi
if he does not comply with one or other of the conditions mentioned therein; it does not comprehend a decision on a question of
620
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1966] 3 S.C.R.
title. The question of title is a matter foreign to the scope of
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s. 71.
If so, a suit in a civil c0urt for a declarallon of title and
possession by a khatadar against a trespasser falls outside the
scope of s. 200( I) of the Act.
The second limb of the contention turns upon a fasciculus
of provisions relating to the preparation of the Record of Rights.
The relevant provisions are as follows:
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Section 89. The Record of rights in each village shall
comprise
(I)
(2) a register, to be called the "register of rights",
showing all persons who arc holders of land and the nature
and extent of their interests and the conditions and liabilities, if any, attaching thereto.
Section 92. No entry in the register of rights shall be
contrary to the dec-ree or order of a civil court.
Section 93. ([) If any dispute arises about any entry to
be made in any document of the record of rights,
the
Tahsildar or other officer preparing the record shall
inquire into it summarily and shall pass such order as he
thinks fit.
(2) Such order, if passed with reference to any entry
in the register of rights, shall not be subject to appeal, but
no such order shall debar any person from establishing
any right to land in a civil court, and the civil court may
dir~-ct that the entry relating to the land shall be altered
in accordance with its decision.
(3) Any such order, if passed with reference to a record
other than the register of rights shall be subject to appeal
but shall not be called in question in a civil court, except in
so far as any private right, is infringed and then only by a
suit instituted within one year from the date on which the
contents of the record were announced under section 88.
Section 95. Any entry in the register of rights shall be
presumed to he correct until the contrary is proved, and all
other entries in the record of rights, subject to any change
which may be ordered in appeal, revision or review only or
by a ~ivil court under sub-section (3) of section 93, shall be
conclusive evidence of the facts to which they relate.
On the basis of the said provisions it is argued that under the said
provisions the right of a person to hold land shall be entered in the
register of rights under s. 89(2) of the Act and a dispute in respect
thereof shall be decided by the Tahsildar under s. 93(1) thereof and
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ABDUL WAHEED v. BHAWANI (Subba Rao, /.)
621
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that thereafter such an entry shall be rectified only by filing a
suit in a civil court in the manner prescribed in s. 93(2) of the Act
and that, therefore, the Tahsildar, subject to the statutory suit,
has the exclusive jurisdiction to determine or decide the question
in regard to the said matter within the meaning of s. 200 of the Act.
This argument appears to be plausible, but a deeper scrutiny reveals a fallacy. The scope of an entry in regard to the right to
hold a land under s. 89(2) of the Act and the decision under s. 93
thereof is disclosed by s. 95. When such an entry is made in the
register of rights and is not corrected in the manner prescribed in
i. 93, under s. 95 it shall be presumed to be correct until the contrary
is proved. The effect of such an entry, therefore, is only to
make it a presumptive piece of evidence in a collateral proceeding: that is to say, in a suit based on title when such an entry
is relied upon by one or other of the parties, the court shall presume
it to be correct unless the other party rebuts the presumption. Not
only s. 95 does not by necessary implication bar a suit but also
assumes that in such a suit the correctness of such an entry could
be questioned subject to the said presumption.
Learned counsel for the appellant, in support of his contention,
relied upon Gokhul Sahu v. Jodu Nundun Roy(1), and Jatindra Nath
Chowdhury v. Azizur Rahaman Shana(). Those decisions turned
upon provisions which are not in pari materia with those with
which we are now concerned. They do not, therefore, throw
any light on the construction of the relevant provisions of the
Act.
It is, therefore, clear that s. 200(1) of the Act, read with the
said group of sections, does not exclude the jurisdiction of a civil
court to entertain a suit based on title.
Learned counsel for the appellant then contended that though
the patta was granted in favour of the ancestors of the respondents
in the year 1929 it was revoked later on, that under the new settlement of 1935 the appellant's name was recorded in the register of
rights, that in subsequent khasras up to 1953 his name continued
to be shown as the owner of the suit land and that, therefore, the
courts below should have held that the presumption raised by the
register of rights in his favour was not rebutted and the plaintiff had
failed to prove his title. But a perusal of the judgments of the
courts below shows that all the courts, after taking into consideration the entire oral and documentary evidence, came to the
conclusion that the respondents had established their title. Indeed, though the High Court rightly pointed out that the finding
of fact given by the lower appellate court was conclusive, in view
of the insistence of the Advocate in the High Court, it considered
the entire documentary and oral evidence over again and came
(I) [1890] I.LR. 17 Cal. 721.
(2} A.I.R. 1923 Cal. 433.
MllSup. CI/66-8
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SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1966] 3 S.C.R.
to the same conclusion. It also admitted the notifications in
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rcapcct of the settlement as fresh evidence and, after considering
them, held that they did not disclose that the patta issued in favour
of the respondents' ancestors was cancelled. In our view, the
High Court should have accepted the finding of the first appellate
court and should not have reviewed the evidence over again. The
courts in effect held that the said presumption was rebutted by the
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oral and documentary evidence adduced by the respondents. We
are not, therefore, justified in an appeal under Art. 136 of the
Constitution to permit the appellant to canvass the correctness
of the said concurrent findings of fact.
The last argument raises a question of limitation. If, as we
haye held, the suit is outside the scope of the Act, the question of
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limitation turns upon the provisions of the Indian Limitation Act.
The suit was originally filed by the respondents for a declaration
-0f their title to the suit property, but as they were dispossessed
-0f the land on March 5, 1953, subsequent to the filing of the suit,
the plaint was amended on July 24, 1954, praying for delivery of
possession. To such a suit Art. 142 of the Limitation Act applies.
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The suit is, therefore, clearly not barred by limitation.
ln the result, the appeal fails and is dismissed witn costs.
Appeal dismissed.
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