# • ANIRUDH PRASAD v. RAJESHW ARI SAROJ DAS & OTHERS

- **Citation:** [1976] Supp. 1 S.C.R. 91
- **Court:** Supreme Court of India
- **Decided:** 1976-04-20
- **Bench:** Y. V. CliANDRACHUD, V. R. Krishna !Yer, A. C. Gupta
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/anirudh-prasad-v-rajeshw-ari-saroj-das-others-6883
- **Pages:** 10

## Headnote

B
Election-Representation of People Act, 1951-Sec. 91-Recriminatory peti·
tw,..,..Nature and scope of-Conduct of Election Rule1 196l--R11le 73(2)(d)-
_,)
Ballot paper1 containing identification marks.
..... I
19 persons contested biennial elections to the Bihar -Legislative Council for
filling 11 vacancies. The appellant and respondents No. 1 to IO were declared
as the successful candidates. Election was held by the system of proportional
representation by a single transferable vote. The votes were counted in accordance with the procedure prescribed in para 7 of the Conduct of Election Rulet
1961, read with the relevant provisions of the Representation of the People
Act, 1951. The Returning Officer rejected 9 ballot papers and accepted 306.
Th-e Returning Officer by application of rule 6 fixed the minimum quota of
votes sufficient to secure the return of a candidate at 2551.
In first three
rounds respondents 1 to 7 were declared elected. None of the candidates could
be declared successful in the fourth round. In the fifth and 6th rounds res~
pendents 8 and 9 were declared elected.
In the seventh round, respondeht
No. 18 (Election Petitioner) was eliminated and in the last round, i.e. the 8th
round, the appellant and respondent No. 10 were declared as the successful
candidates.
Respondent No. 18 filed an Election Petition in the High Court challenging
the election of the successful candidates on the ground that the rejection of 3
ballot papers having first preference votes in its favour, the rejection of 2 ballot
papers having first preference votes in favour of respondent No. 9 the illegal
acceptance of one ballot paper having first preference vote in favour of res..r
pondent No. 8 and wrong counting of votes in the fourth round of counting
had materially affected the result of the election. The Returning Officer had
rejected one ballot paper on the ground that it contained merely a horizontal
line, another on the ground that it had a faint mark and the third on the
ground that the voter had scored through the fourth preference vote in favour
of one candidate and had assigned it to another.
Respondent No. 8 and some
other respondents did not enter appearance in the High Court.
Resrondent
No. 9 filed a written statement as well as recriminatory petition. He con ...
tended that the Returning Officer had wrongly rejected 2 ballot papers which
contained first preference votes in his favour and one other ballot paper having
a second preference vote in his favour. The appellant! who was respondent
No. 10 in the High Court contested the petition. The High Court with the
consent of parties decided as preliminary issue whether the election petition was
maintainable and whether the Returning Officer wrongly and illegally rejected
the ballot papers and, if so, whether the result of the election had been
materiallv affected. The High Court also held that the three disputed ballot
papers did not contain anv identification marks within the meaning of rule
73(2)(d) of Conduct of Election Rules, 1961 and, therefore, the Returning
Officer was in error in rejecting those ballot papers as invalid. It was not
disputed before the High Court that if the 3 ballot papers that were \HOngly
rejected were not eliminated respondent No. t 8 would have been declared
elected. Consequently, the High Court recorded the finding that the election
of the Election Petitioner was materially affected by the rejection of the 3
ballot papers. The High Court also held that as a result of the i!legaJ rejection
of the three votes respondent No. 9 was reQuired to trial behind until the
sixth round and that but for the wrongful rejection resnondent No_ 9 would
have been declared elected in the very first round. Special leave Petition filed
by the Election Petition filed by the Election Petitioner in thi<; Court against
the findings of the High Court on issues No. 1, 2 and 3 \Vas dismissed.
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## Text

•
ANIRUDH PRASAD
v.
RAJESHW ARI SAROJ DAS & OTHERS
April 20, 1976
91
A
[Y. V. CliANDRACHUD, V. R. KRISHNA !YER AND A. C. GUPTA, JJ.J
B
Election-Representation of People Act, 1951-Sec. 91-Recriminatory peti·
tw,..,..Nature and scope of-Conduct of Election Rule1 196l--R11le 73(2)(d)-
_,)
Ballot paper1 containing identification marks.
..... I
19 persons contested biennial elections to the Bihar -Legislative Council for
filling 11 vacancies. The appellant and respondents No. 1 to IO were declared
as the successful candidates. Election was held by the system of proportional
representation by a single transferable vote. The votes were counted in accordance with the procedure prescribed in para 7 of the Conduct of Election Rulet
1961, read with the relevant provisions of the Representation of the People
Act, 1951. The Returning Officer rejected 9 ballot papers and accepted 306.
Th-e Returning Officer by application of rule 6 fixed the minimum quota of
votes sufficient to secure the return of a candidate at 2551.
In first three
rounds respondents 1 to 7 were declared elected. None of the candidates could
be declared successful in the fourth round. In the fifth and 6th rounds res~
pendents 8 and 9 were declared elected.
In the seventh round, respondeht
No. 18 (Election Petitioner) was eliminated and in the last round, i.e. the 8th
round, the appellant and respondent No. 10 were declared as the successful
candidates.
Respondent No. 18 filed an Election Petition in the High Court challenging
the election of the successful candidates on the ground that the rejection of 3
ballot papers having first preference votes in its favour, the rejection of 2 ballot
papers having first preference votes in favour of respondent No. 9 the illegal
acceptance of one ballot paper having first preference vote in favour of res..r
pondent No. 8 and wrong counting of votes in the fourth round of counting
had materially affected the result of the election. The Returning Officer had
rejected one ballot paper on the ground that it contained merely a horizontal
line, another on the ground that it had a faint mark and the third on the
ground that the voter had scored through the fourth preference vote in favour
of one candidate and had assigned it to another.
Respondent No. 8 and some
other respondents did not enter appearance in the High Court.
Resrondent
No. 9 filed a written statement as well as recriminatory petition. He con ...
tended that the Returning Officer had wrongly rejected 2 ballot papers which
contained first preference votes in his favour and one other ballot paper having
a second preference vote in his favour. The appellant! who was respondent
No. 10 in the High Court contested the petition. The High Court with the
consent of parties decided as preliminary issue whether the election petition was
maintainable and whether the Returning Officer wrongly and illegally rejected
the ballot papers and, if so, whether the result of the election had been
materiallv affected. The High Court also held that the three disputed ballot
papers did not contain anv identification marks within the meaning of rule
73(2)(d) of Conduct of Election Rules, 1961 and, therefore, the Returning
Officer was in error in rejecting those ballot papers as invalid. It was not
disputed before the High Court that if the 3 ballot papers that were \HOngly
rejected were not eliminated respondent No. t 8 would have been declared
elected. Consequently, the High Court recorded the finding that the election
of the Election Petitioner was materially affected by the rejection of the 3
ballot papers. The High Court also held that as a result of the i!legaJ rejection
of the three votes respondent No. 9 was reQuired to trial behind until the
sixth round and that but for the wrongful rejection resnondent No_ 9 would
have been declared elected in the very first round. Special leave Petition filed
by the Election Petition filed by the Election Petitioner in thi<; Court against
the findings of the High Court on issues No. 1, 2 and 3 \Vas dismissed.
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Thereafter,
th~ Hi&h Court proceeded with the election petition and tried
the retp-aining issues.
The votes were recounted by an Officer appOinted by the
court 1n the presence of parties and their counsel. A fair copy of the result
sheet was thereafter prepared signed by all concerned in token of its correct--
ness.
1 ~e Hig~. Court consequently allo~'ed the election petition, declared
the election peuuoner as elected an'tl set aside the election of th~ appellant who
-had secured the smallest number of votes on recounting.
It was contended Qy the appellants beiore this Court; ·
Since respor,,dent No. 8 had not filed
the recriminatory petition
he
had discntided himself from claiming any benefit, under lb~ ballot papers which
were initially rejected by the Returning Officer but which were accepted by the
High Court as valid.
Dismissing the appeal,
IIELD: Sccfioh 97 of the Reprcsentationlof People ·Act, 1951 PrOVides that
when in election petition a declaration is sought that any candidate other than
the returned candid_ate bas been duly elected the returned candidate or any
other party may give evidence to prove that the election of such candidate
wou!d have been void if be bad been the returned cr:.ndidcte and a petition
had been presented calling in qtreslion his election. The proviso to t.i.e said
section provides that the returned cand"-<Iate or ~uch oth~~·- _party sh~~n not be
entitled to give such evidence unless he has with:n 40 days from th~ date of
commencement of the trial given notice to the I-Iigh Court of hh intention
to do so.
Section 97 applies if a composite claim challenging tte election of
the returned candidate and for a declaration that some other candidate should
be declared elected is made. The returned candidate in that case recriminate,,
again~t the person in whose favour the declaration is claimed. The recrimi·
natory plea of defence in one's ov1n election is in. truth and substance not so
much a p,lea though that be its ultimate purpcse and. effect, as a plea of
attack by \vhich a successfu,l candidate assume! the role of counter·retitioner
and contends that the election of the candidate in ·whose favour the declaration
is claimed would have been void if be had been the_ returned candidate and a
~tit;on had been pre9ented caUihg his elect:on in question.
Sinc.e the election
petitioner had asked for a compo'iite relief- the conditions necessary for attract·
ing section 97 were undoubtedly present.
The contention of the appellut
was, ho•Never, altogether of a different kind. It \Vas argued that respondent
No. 8 cannot take advantage of the first preferenee votes cast in his favour
without a recriminatory petition. This. contention is outside the scope of s. 97,
because in claiming the first preference vote respondent No. 8 is not in any
manner challenging the validity of any of the votes cast .and counted in favour
of the election petitioner or any step taken by or on behalf of the electioh petitioocr in fur'herance of hi! e1ectio11.
Respondent No. 8 made no contention and
. wahted t.o make none in regard to the claim of the· election petitioner that he-
~hould be declared elected. There was no conflict of interest between the election
petitioner and re:i;pondent No. 8 on the question whether the particnla.- vo•e ~hDufd
be counted in favour of the latter. If the 3 ballot oapers in question were valid
they must be treated a! valid for all pu~
and, therefore. vote~ cast in favour ·
of respondent No. 8 under those ballot papers must be counted in his favour.
[97 C, 98 A, D-F, 99-DJ
Jabar Singh v. GeMa Lal (19641 6 S.C.R~ ,4, di!.t.inQ'!lished.
ClvrL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 714 ot 1975.
From the Judgment and Order dated 18th April 1975 of the Patna
High Court in Election Petition No. 2i74.
Pfamod Swarup and K. K. Chaudhury; for the Appellant~.'
K. P. Verma, B. B. Sinha and S. C. Patel; tor Respondents No•. 8
and 9.
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AN!RUDH v. RAJESHWARI (Chandrachud, l.)
J. P. Goyal and M. P. Mukerjee; for Respondent No. 18.
Shree Pal Singh; for Respondents Nos. 10, 12 and 17.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by93
A
CHANDRACHUD,
J.-Nineteen persons contested the biennial
elections to the Bihar
Legislative
Council
which were
held on
March 29, 19:74 for filling 11 vacancies.
The
appellant, Anirudh
B
Prasad, and respondents 1 to 10 were declared as the successful candidates.
The elections having been held by the system of proporfional representation by a single transferable vote, votes were counted in accordance with the procedure prescribed in Part VII of the Conduct
of Election Rules, 1961 (hereinafter called the Rules), read with the
relevant provisions of the Representation of the People Act, 1951
(hereinafter called the Act).
The Secretary of the Bihar Legislative
Assembly who acted as the Returning Officer rejected 9 ballot papers
and accepted the remaining 306 ballot papers as valid.
Considering
that 11 seats were to be filled on the basis of votes cast in 306 ballot
jJ'apers, the Returning Officer, by the application of Rule 76, fixed
the minimum quota of votes sufficient to secure the return of a candidate at 2551. · The technical arithmetical
formulae were
applied
during counting from time to time, votes were likewise added and
subtracted from one round to another of counting and the result of
the none,too-simple procedure was entered by the Returning Officer
in a form prescribed by the rules for that purpose.
In the first round of counting, respondents 1 to 5 were declared
elected as they secured more votes than the fixed quota of 2551.
In
the second and third rounds of counting, respondent 6 (since deceased)
and respondent 7 were declared su,>:cessful on the basis of transfer of
surplus votes. None of the candidates could be declared successful in
the fourth round but in the fifth round, respondents 8 and 9 and in the
sixth round, respondent 9, were declared elected. In the seventh round
of counting respondent 18 (Indra Kumar) was eliminated and in the
eighth round, which was the last round of counting, the appellant
Anirudh Prasad and respondent 10 were declared as the successful
candidates.
•
Respondent 18 filed an election petition in the Patna High Court
challenging the election of the successful candidates on the ground
that the rejection of 3 ballot papers having First Preferenre votes in
his favour, the rejection of 2 ballot papers having First Preference votes
in favour of respondent 9, the illegal acceptance of one ballot paper
havin~ a First Preference vote in favour of respondent 8 and a wrong
counting of votes in the fourth round of counting had materially affected the result of the election. Out of the 3 ballot papers which occording, to respondent 18 were wrongly rejected by the Returning Officer,
one was reiected on the ground that it contained a small horizontal
line, another on the ground that it contained a faint mark and the
third on the ground that the elector had scored through the Fourth
Preference vote cast in favour of one candidate and had assigned it to
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another. The rejection of these 3 ballot papers which contained First
Preference votes in favour of respondent 18 was partly based on ti.e
view that while casting their votes, the voters connected with the particular ballot papers had resorted to devices by which their identity
could be established. Respondent 18 prayed that the election of successful candidates or of the candidate receiving the smallest number of
votes on recount he declared as void and that he himself be declared
as duly elected. The rest of the 18 contestant;; were impleaded as respondents to the .Election Petition.
Respondents 1 to 6, 8 and 11 to 17 did not enter appearance in
the High Court. Respondents 7 and 10 appeared in the election petition and filed their written statements.· But they took no further part
in the ~roceedings.
.
Respondent 9, Nathuni Ram, filed a written statement as well a•
a recriminatory petition. He contended that the Returning Officer had
wrongly rejected 2 ballot papers which contained
Firs_! Preference
votes in his favour and one other ballot paper having a Second Preference vote in his favour.
According to respondent 9, even if the
grievance made by respondent 18 in the election petition was to be
accepted as valid, that would not affect his election as, in any view of
the matter, he would he entitled to additional votes which were wrongly
rejected by the Returning Officer.
. Tile appellant Anirudh Prasad, who was respondent 10 in the High
Courf, appeared in the case and filed his written statement. The High
Court accepted his written statement subject to the condition that he
paid costs of respondent 18 who had filed the election petition and of
respondent 9 who was the sole contesting respondent. This condition
was imposed by the High Court on the ground that the appellant had
filed his written statement much beyond the time fixed for that purpo•e.
The appellant did not pay the costs as directed by the j-ligh Court
and since. the payment of costs was a condition precedent to the acceptance of his written sll.ltement, the High Court passed orders declin-·
ing to take the written statement on record. The High Court, !"1wever,
allowed the appellant's counsel to cross-examine the witnesses examined bv the electicn-petitio11er and by. resooll(/ent 9. limitin~ the crossexamination to the statements made by the witnesses in their examination-in-chief.
The appellant was further permitted by the High Court
to lead evidence by way of rebuttal and to submit argurn<lats on the
evidence in the case.
·
On the basis of the averments contained in the election petition
' filed by respondent 18 and those contained in the written statement
and the recriminatory petition filed by re~pondent 9, the High Court
framed 5 issues for determination· :
"1. Is the election petition, as framed, maintainah1e ?
2. Did the Returning Offieer at the time of counting of
votes illegally and wrongly reject three, with first prefe;ence,
votes validly polled in favour of the petitioner ? If so, has
the result of election been materially affected on that account7
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ANIRUDH v. RAJESHWARI (Chandrachud, J.)
3. Did the Returning Officer at the time of counting of
votes illegally and wrongly reject two votes wit!' first pre1e.rence and one vote with second preference validly polled m
favour of respondent No. 9 '?
lf so. has the result of the
election been materially affected thereby ?
4. Whether the petitioner has received majority of the
valid votes and is entitled to be declared elected; as claimed ?
5. To what relief, if any, is the petitioner entitled in this
election petition?"
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Since the decision of issues 4 and 5 depended upon the answers to
issues 1 to 3, the High CoUrt, by cousent of the contestm g p1rties,
took up issues 1 to 3 for consid~ration in the first instance. By its
judgment dated February 28, 1975 it rejected the contention that the
election petition was defective and held on issue No. 1 that the petition
was maintainable. It held on issue No. 2 that th~ 3 disputed ballot
papers (Exhibits 4, 4/a and 4/b) did not contain any identifying
marks within the meaning of rule 73(2) (d) and therefore the Return-
. ing Officer was iii error in reiectine those ballot paoers as invalid.
It was not disputed before the High Court at that stage that the election
petitioner (respondent 18) was eliminated in the seventh round of
counting because of his failure to receive the required quota of 2551
votes and that if the 3 First Preference votes contained in Exhibits 4,
4ia a<0ti 4/b had been counted in his favour, he would have
been
declared as duly elected. Consequently, the High Court recorded the
finding that the election of the election-petitioner was mater.ally affected by the rejection of the 3 ballot papers.
On the 3rd issue, the
question for consideration of the High Court was "hether 3 other
ballot papers (Exhibits B, B/l and B/2) were rightly rejected by
the Returning Officer.
The
High Court held that the
Returning
Officer had rejected the 3 ballot papers wrongly and that the votes
cast therein in favour of respondent 9 had to be takon into account.
Th£. wrong rejection of these 3 ballot papers had materially affected
the result <'t the election qua respo:Jrk'm 9 in the sense that if the votes
cast in his favour in the 3 ballot papers were taken inro account, he
would have been declared elected in the very first round of counting
and would not have been required to trail behind until the sixtl- round.
The High Court recorded its finding on issue No. 3 accordingly.
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The appellant filed a petition for special leave in this Court agaiiist
the aforesaid judgment of the High Court dated February 28, 1975
but that petition was rejected.
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Thereafter the High Court proceeded with the election petition and·
tried the remruning issues, 4 and 5. By consent of parties it appointed
Shri R. N. Thacore, Ex-Deputy Secretary of the Bihar Legislative
Council, to recount the votes on the basis of the findings recorded <>n
issues Nos. 2 and 3. .Shri ThaC<'re was expertly conversant with the
complicated mechanism of counting votes under the system of proH
portional representation by single transferable vote.
Learned cmmsel
who· appeared in the High COurt for the election petitioner and for
respondent 10 would appear to have been familiar with the particUlar
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procedure and they agreed to assist Shri Thacore.
Respondent
9
agreed that counsel for the election petitioner may deimttse for him.
Accordingly, the votes were recounted by Shri Thacore m the presence
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of the parties and their counsel. A fair copy 01 the result si<eet was
thereafter prepared by Shri Thacore in the presence of counsel for
the parties who affixed their signature thereon in token of its correctness.
The Returning Officer had declared the result of the election on
the basis that only 306 ballot papers were valid.
The High Court
by its judgment of February 28, 1975 held that six ballot papers were
wrongly rejected by the Returning Officer with the result that the number of valid ballot papers rose from 306 to 312. The minimum quota
consequently rose from 2551 to 2601. On the basis of the recounting
of vmes done by Shri Thacore, the High Court allowed the election
petition and declared respondents 1 to 10 and respondent 18
(the .
election petitioner) as the successful
candidates.
The
appellant,
Anirudh Prasad, who was respondent 10 in the High Court and who
had been declared elected by the Returning Officer was found, on a
recount of the votes, to have secured 2500 votes as against 2579 votes
secured by respondent 18. The High Court set aside the election of
the appellant who had secured the smallest number of votes.
This
appeal by special leave is directed against the judgment of the High
Court dated April 18, 1975.
After the preliminary finding of the High Court that the six ballot
papers were wrongly rejected by the Returning Officer and that. those
ballot papers were valid, the appellant made an application in the High
E
Court that since respondent 8, Janardan Prasad Varma, had not filed
any recrimination, the I st preference vote cast iu his favour under
the ballot paper Ex. B/2 and the 7th preference cast in his favour
under Exhibits B and B/l should not be counted in his farnur. By
an order rlnied April 14, 1975 the High Couri rejected that application
and directed that all the votes contained in and cast under the ballot
papers wh;ch were held to be valid should be counted in favour of the
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candidates concerned according to the relevant rules.
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Mr. Pramod Swaroop, who appears on behalf of the appellant,
ma(:C a fervent plea that since respondent 8 had not filed a recriminatory petition, he had disentitled himself from claiming any
benefit
unrer the ballot papers which were initiallv rejected by the Returning
Officer but which were accepted by the High Court as valid. It may be
recalled that_ _the election-petitioner had asked for the scrutiny and
acceptance of three ballot papers only (Ex. 4, 4/a and 4/b), wherein
he had secured !st oreference votes. Respondent 9 filed a 1ecrimination under section 97 of the Act asking that two other ballot papers,
Exhibits B and B/l, wherein he had secured !st preference votes and
the bafl,·t paper, Ex. B/2, whernin he had secured a 2nd
preference vote should be re-scrutinised and accepted.
These six ballot
papers which were rejected by the Returning Officer were accepted
by the Hiuh Court as valid.
Apart from the emphasis on the failure
of xcspondent 8 to file a recrimination, the grievance of the appellant
is this : Ex. B/2 which contains a 1st preference v9te for((f~spondent
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ANIRUDH V, RAJESHWARI (Chandrachud, J,)
97
8 was not even considered for counting the votes secured by respondent 9 who had filed his recrimination and at whose instance Ex, B/2
was held valid; because, in order to get elected it was enough for respondent 9 to rely on the 1st preference votes cast in bis favour under
Exhibits B and B/L The second preference vote cast in his favour
under Ex, B/2 was superfluous for bis election,
According to the
appellant, it is anomalous that respondent 8 who had taken no part
in the proceedings before the High Court should get the benefit of
the !st preference vote cast in his favour under Ex, B/2 when be asked
for no such relief, especially when respondent 9 at whose instance
the particular ballot paper was treated as valid did not require for his
election the addition of the 2nd preference vote cast in his favour
thereunder,
This argument is founded on the provisions contained in section
97 of the Act, which has been the subject-matter of several decisions
of this Court
That section provides :
"97, Recrimination when seat claimed,-(!) When in an
election petition a declaration that any candidate other than
the returned candidate )las been duly elected is claimed, the
returned candidate or any other party may give evidence to
prove that the election of such candidate would have been
void if he had been the returned candidate and a petition
had been presented calling in question his election.
Provided that the returned candidate or such other party,
as aforesaid shall not be entitled to give such evidence unless
he has, within fourteen days from the date of commencement
of the trial, given notice to the High Court of his intention
to do so and has also given th,e security and the further security referred to in section 117 and 118 respectively,
(2) Every notice referred to in sub-section (l) shall be
accompanied by the statement and particulars required by
section 83 in the case of an election petition and shall be
signed and verified in like manner,''
An election-petitioner may either ask for the rehef under section
100 of the Act that the election of the returned candidate be declared
void or he may ask for the additional relief under section 101 that he
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or any other candidate may be declared as elected, It is only if such
a composite claim is made that section 97 is attracted, The returned
candidate can then recriminate against the person in whose favour a
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declaration is claimed 1mder section 101, The recriminatory plea is
in trutb and substance not so much a plea in defence of one's own
election, though tbat be its ultimate purpose and effect, as a plea of
attack by which tbe successful candidate assumes the role of a ,counterpetitioner and contends that the election of the candidate in whose
favour the declaration is claimed would have been void if he had been
the returned candidate and a petition had been presented calling his ff
election in question,
Since respondent 18 who filed the election petition had asked for a composite relief that. the election of the successful
candidates 'r of that candidate who was· fonnd to have secured the
9-833SCI/76
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least number of votes should be set aside and that he himself should
be declared as a successful candidate, the conditions necessary for
attracting section 97 were μndoubtedly present.
But that does not
mean that every contention made by any of the successful candidates
or other parties is barred unless a recriminatory petition is filed. The
plea of recrimination goes under section 97 to the claim of the electionpetitioner that he or any person other than the successful candidate
may be declared elected, the plea of the recriminator being that the
election of the person in whose favour the declaration is claimed would
have been void if he had been the returned candidate and a petition
were filed to challenge his election. For example, any of the successful
candidates can contend by a recriminatory petition that the election of
the election-petitioner, were he successful, suffered frmu defects by
reason of which it would be void. Such a challenge can be made only
by a recriminatory petition and unless such a petition is filed in compliance with section 97, it is not open to the successful candidate or
any other party to challenge the additional claim made by the election
petitioner.
The contention of the appellant before us is altogether of a different kind. It is argued that respondent 8 cannot take advactage of
the 1st preference vote cast in his favour under Ex. B/2 without a
recriminatory petition. This contention is outside the scope of section
97 bei'ause, in claiming the 1st preference vote under Ex. B/2, respondent 8 is not in any manner clrallenging the validity of any of the
votes cast and counted in favour of the election-petitioner or any step
taken by or on behalf of the election-petitioner in furtherance of his
election.
In fact, respondent 8 made no contention and wanted to
make none in regard to the claim of the election-petitioner that he
should be declared elected.
The election involved a contest to 11
seats and the claim of respondent 8 to the 1st preference vote in Ex.
B/2 was not in derogation of any of the rights of the election-petitioner
who claimed the composite relief.
The very fact that the electionpetitioner succeeded in the High Court despite the counting of the 1st
preference vote in favour of respondent 8 shows that there was no conflict of interest between the election-petitioner and respondent 8 on
the question whether the particular vote should be. counted in favour
of the latter.
Respondent 8's claim to the 1st preference vote contained in Ex. B/2 did not have the effect, directly or indirectly. of
imalidating any of the votes counted originally in favour of the
election-petitioner. It may bear repetition that respondent 8, like the
appellant, was one of the successful candidates and it is respondent 18
who was declared unsuccessful in the election, who filed the election
petition. The appellant's contention comes to this that one successful
candidate must file a recrimination against another successful candidate
if an unsuccessful candidate files an election-petition asking for a
composite relief.
We see no justification for this contention on the
language and intendment of section 97.
It is also necessary to bear in mind that the election to the
legislative Council was held by the system of proportional revresentalioo by a single transferable vote.
Nineteen candidates contested
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ANIRUDH v. RAJESHWARI (Chandrachud, !.)
99
the election for 11 seats.
Rules 76 to 85 of the Conduct of Election
Rules, 1961 provide an elaborate procedure for counting of votes when
more than one seat is to be filled.
By rule 76, every valid ballot
paper is deemed to be of the value of 100 and putting it simply, the
quota sufficient to secure the return of a candidate is determined by
multiplying the number of valid baHot papers by 100, dividing the total
by one more than the number of vacancies to be filled and adding one
to the quotient.
Initially, 306 ballot papers were accepted as valid
by the Returning Officer.
The minimum quota was accordingly fixed
at 2551 : (306Xl00=30600711+1=2550+1=2551). The High
Court held that 6 ballot papers were wrongly rejected by the Returning
Officer as a result of which the number of valid ballot papers rose
to 312.
The minimum quota correspondingly rose to 2601 :
(312Xl00=31200712=2600+1=2601).
The
minimum
quota
which is fixed primarily on the basis of valid ballot papers is the
key-point of counting and transfer of surplus votes.
'Surplus votes'
means votes in excess of the minimum quota and it is such surplus
votes that are transferred to other candidates left in the field.
The
various rules and their working as illustrated in the Schedule to the
Rules show that the system of proportional representation by a single
transferable vote involves a progressive inter-linked method of counting
votes. It is therefore difficult to accept the appellant's argument that a
ballot paper may be treated as valid for fixation of the minimum
quota but should be ruled out for purposes of counting the votes cast
therein iμ favour of any candidate. If the ballot paper Ex. B/2 is
valid, it must be treated as valid for al]. purposes and therefore the
1st preference vote contained therein in favour of respondent 8 must
be counted in his favour.
This would be so especially when the process
can involve no recrimination between respondent 8 and the appellant,
both of whom were successful candidates.
Nor indeed does such
counting involve any recrimination between respondent 8 and
the
election-petitioner who, as stated earlier, was declared successful by
the High Court despite the counting of the 1st preference vote in
favour of respondent 8.
A
B
c
D
E
On the facts of the case it is clear that originally, respondent 8 had
F
secured 2611 votes as against 2500 votes secured by the appellant.
That was without counting the 1st preference vote cast in favour of
respondent 8 under Ex. B/2. On that footing also the appellant cannot claim priority over respondent 8 and his grievance that he, instead
of respondent 8, should be declared elected is without any substance .
Great reliance was placed by counsel for the appellant on the
G
decisidn. of this Court in Jabar Singh v. Genda Lal('), in support of
the contention that respondent 8 cannot claim the benefit of the 1st
preference vote cast in his favour under Ex. B/2 without a recriminatorv
petition.
'
That was a typical case in which the contention sought to be raised
by the successful candidate could not have been raised without a
H
,,_,
recriminatory petition under section 97 of the Act.
The respondent
(l) [1964] 6 S. C.R. 54.
A
B
c
D
100
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1976] SUPPLEMENTARY
therein challenged the election of the appellant on the grouad of
improper reception of votes in favour of the appellant and improper
rejection of votes in regard to himself.
The respondent prayed that
the appellant's election should be declared void and he himself should
be declared to have been duly elected.
The appellant urged before
the tribunal that there had beeu improper rejection of the voles aud
improper acceptance of the votes in favour of this respondent. The
respondent objected to this course and that objection was upheld by
this Court on the ground that in the absence of recriminations it was
not open to the appellant to take up the particular plea.
As we
have shown earlier respondent 8 did not contend that there was any
improper reception of votes in favour of the election petitioner or for
the matter of that in favour of any other candidate. There was therefore no question of his filing a recrimination under section 97.
Secondly, the voting in that case was not by the system of proportional
representation by a single transferable vote and the complications which
arise by reason of the peculiar system of counting which is required
to be adopted in the instant case had no place in the scheme of counting
in that case.
In view of this position it seems unnecessary to discuss
the other decisions cited on behalf of the appellant which are reported
in Dhara Singh v. District Judge, Meerut & Anr.(1); P. Malaichami v.
M. Andi Ambalam & Ors.(') and the decision in Civil Appeal No. 83
of 1975 decided Jnly 31, 1975.
These decisions are distinguishable
for the same reason for which Jabar Singh's case boas no application
to the facts of the instant case.
For these reasons we dismiss the appeal and confirm the judgment
of the High Court but there will be no order as to costs.
P.H.P.
(1) [1968J 1 S. C. R. 213.
(2) (1973! 3 S. C. R. 1616.
Appeal dismissed.
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