# BAREILLY HOLDINGS LTD v. THEIR WORKMEN

- **Citation:** [1979] 3 S.C.R. 236
- **Court:** Supreme Court of India
- **Decided:** 1979-02-16
- **Case number:** Civil Appeal No. 1606 of 1970
- **Bench:** Y. V. CHANDRACllUD, R. S. Sark.Aria, N. L. Untwalia, 0. Chinnappa Reddy, A. P. Sen
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/bareilly-holdings-ltd-v-their-workmen-7789
- **Pages:** 6

## Headnote

E111ployees State Insurance Act, 1948, Section 72 and Regulation 97
framed under Section 97(1) of the E.S.l., Act, .1948, purpose and effect ojWhether 1he deduction of half day's wages corresponding to the sickness benefit to which the lvorkmen were entitled under the E.S.l. Act, in the event of
their not availing themselves of the benefits under the E.S.l. scheme in order.
By virtue of the award in Adjudication case No. 33 of 1952 given by the
State Tribunal Allahabad, respondents were entitled to fifteen days' sick leave
on full wages as a condition of their service. The appellant adopted the Employees State Insurance Act in 1957.
The appellant, therefore, paid to the
workmen full wages for two day's sick leave out of 1.5 days' sick leave for
the reason that the workmen did not get cash benefit for the first two days
of the waiting period of sickness on account of the provisions of section 49
of the E.S.I. Act. For the balance of the thirteen days only half the wages'
were paid. In the industrial dispute referred for adjudication to the Indtll!trial
Tribunal under section 4(k) of the U.P. Industrial Disputes Act, the award
went in favour of the workmen.
Dismissing the appeal by special leave, the Court,
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HELD : !. The general purpose and effect of section 72 is to deny to
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the employers the right or power to reduce or discontinue the benefit payable
to the workmen under their conditions of service on the ground
that the
benefits available under the conditions of service and under the E.S.I.
Act
being similar the workmen would not be entitled to a double
benefit. [240
A-Bl
Section 72 provides in terms that the mere circumstance th.et an employer
is liable to make a contribution under the E.S.I. Act will not entitle him,
directly or indirectly, to reduce the wages of an employee or, in so far as the
Regulation permits, discontinue or reduce the benefits payable to him under
the conditions of his service even if those benefits are similar to tho benefits
conferred by the E.S.I. Act. The purpos.e of Section 72 is evidently to
dis~
courage employers from using the benefits provided under the E.S.I. Act as
an excuse or justification for reducing or dis-continuing the benefits avDilable
to the workmen under their conditions of service on the ground of similarity
between the two types of benefits.
The case of the appellant before the
lndutrsial Tribunal was that it was making a contribution to the E.S.I. Corporation for the benefit of its employees and if any
individual
employee
chose not to avail of the benefits due to him from the Corporation on account
of the sickness benefit; it is he who ought to suffer and there would be no
justification for obliging the employer to spend for his sickness benefit twice
over. It is precisely this type of argument and attitude that the legislature
anticipated and guarded against by incorporating the particular provision in
section 72. (240 B-E]
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MREILLY HOLDINGS LTD. v. WORKMEN (Chandrachud, C.J.) 237
2. The contention that it is enough for justifying the deduction from wages
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<lue to the workmen for sick leave that the employee is
covered
by
the
E.S.I. Act is not correct. In the first place, section 46 of the
E.S.I.
Act
would show that employees who are covered by the E.S.I. Act are
entitled
to certain benefit subject to the provisions of the E.S.I. Act. It is, therefore,
not as if the workmen are entitled to the benefits absolutely and without
compliance with the conditions laid do~·n by the Act or
the
Regulation.
Secondly, the proviso to Regulation 97 says that the employer shall be enB
titled to deduct from the leave salary of the employee, "the amount of benefit"
to which he may be entitled under the E.S.I. Act for the corresponding period
of his sickness. A \vorkman does not become entitled to the "amount" paya·
ble to him by way of sickness benefit unless, in the first instance, he chooses
to avail himself of the sickness benefit. That benefit cannot be forced on
him.

## Text

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236
BAREILLY HOLDINGS LTD.
v.
THEIR WORKMEN
February 16, 1979
[Y. V. CHANDRACllUD, C.J., R. S. SARK.ARIA, N. L. UNTWALIA,
0. CHINNAPPA REDDY AND A. P. SEN, JJ.J
E111ployees State Insurance Act, 1948, Section 72 and Regulation 97
framed under Section 97(1) of the E.S.l., Act, .1948, purpose and effect ojWhether 1he deduction of half day's wages corresponding to the sickness benefit to which the lvorkmen were entitled under the E.S.l. Act, in the event of
their not availing themselves of the benefits under the E.S.l. scheme in order.
By virtue of the award in Adjudication case No. 33 of 1952 given by the
State Tribunal Allahabad, respondents were entitled to fifteen days' sick leave
on full wages as a condition of their service. The appellant adopted the Employees State Insurance Act in 1957.
The appellant, therefore, paid to the
workmen full wages for two day's sick leave out of 1.5 days' sick leave for
the reason that the workmen did not get cash benefit for the first two days
of the waiting period of sickness on account of the provisions of section 49
of the E.S.I. Act. For the balance of the thirteen days only half the wages'
were paid. In the industrial dispute referred for adjudication to the Indtll!trial
Tribunal under section 4(k) of the U.P. Industrial Disputes Act, the award
went in favour of the workmen.
Dismissing the appeal by special leave, the Court,
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HELD : !. The general purpose and effect of section 72 is to deny to
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the employers the right or power to reduce or discontinue the benefit payable
to the workmen under their conditions of service on the ground
that the
benefits available under the conditions of service and under the E.S.I.
Act
being similar the workmen would not be entitled to a double
benefit. [240
A-Bl
Section 72 provides in terms that the mere circumstance th.et an employer
is liable to make a contribution under the E.S.I. Act will not entitle him,
directly or indirectly, to reduce the wages of an employee or, in so far as the
Regulation permits, discontinue or reduce the benefits payable to him under
the conditions of his service even if those benefits are similar to tho benefits
conferred by the E.S.I. Act. The purpos.e of Section 72 is evidently to
dis~
courage employers from using the benefits provided under the E.S.I. Act as
an excuse or justification for reducing or dis-continuing the benefits avDilable
to the workmen under their conditions of service on the ground of similarity
between the two types of benefits.
The case of the appellant before the
lndutrsial Tribunal was that it was making a contribution to the E.S.I. Corporation for the benefit of its employees and if any
individual
employee
chose not to avail of the benefits due to him from the Corporation on account
of the sickness benefit; it is he who ought to suffer and there would be no
justification for obliging the employer to spend for his sickness benefit twice
over. It is precisely this type of argument and attitude that the legislature
anticipated and guarded against by incorporating the particular provision in
section 72. (240 B-E]
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MREILLY HOLDINGS LTD. v. WORKMEN (Chandrachud, C.J.) 237
2. The contention that it is enough for justifying the deduction from wages
A
<lue to the workmen for sick leave that the employee is
covered
by
the
E.S.I. Act is not correct. In the first place, section 46 of the
E.S.I.
Act
would show that employees who are covered by the E.S.I. Act are
entitled
to certain benefit subject to the provisions of the E.S.I. Act. It is, therefore,
not as if the workmen are entitled to the benefits absolutely and without
compliance with the conditions laid do~·n by the Act or
the
Regulation.
Secondly, the proviso to Regulation 97 says that the employer shall be enB
titled to deduct from the leave salary of the employee, "the amount of benefit"
to which he may be entitled under the E.S.I. Act for the corresponding period
of his sickness. A \vorkman does not become entitled to the "amount" paya·
ble to him by way of sickness benefit unless, in the first instance, he chooses
to avail himself of the sickness benefit. That benefit cannot be forced on
him. This would show that the employer's right to make a deduction from
the employee's sick leave WQ,ges can only be exercised. in respect of those days
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of sickness leave for which the workman has actually availed of the sickness
benefit. [240 F, H, 231 A-CJ
3. Benefits which are available under the E.S.I. Act are not intended as
substitutes for benefits to \Vhich the workmen are entitled under the condi~
tions of their service.
A \Vorkman becomes entitled to sickness benefit only
if he is qualified for it and he gets a cash benefit only if he avails himself of
the sickness b'enefit.
Thus it is only when a workma.n, in fact obtains or
receives a cash benefit that the employer can exercise his right to make a
deduction from wages due to him by way of leave salary. Jn providing for
periodical peyment!I to an insured worker in case of sickness, the legislature
did not intend to substitute any of those benefits for the workmen's right to
,get leave on full pay on the ground of sickness. [241. B-D, FJ
D
HindustOJI Times Ltd. v. Their Workmen, [1964] I SCR 234 •pplied in part.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1606 of 1970.
From the Award dated 28-11-1969 of the Industrial Tribunal (II)
Lucknow in Adjudication Case No. 120 of 1968 published in U.P.
Gazette dated 21-3-1970.
G. B. Pai, D. N. Misra and Shri Narain for the Appellant.
Gobilzd Das (A.C.) .and Mrs. Sunanda Bhandare fo.r the Respondent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
CHANDRACHUD, C.J. This appeal by special leave arises out of the
award of the Industrial Tribunal, Lucknow, U.P. dated November 28,
1969.
On September 7, 1968 the Government of U.P. referred the
following dispute for adjudication to the Industrial Tribunal under
~ection 4 (K) of the U.P. Industrial Disputes Act, 28 of 1947 :
"Whether the action of the employers in deducting half
wages corresponding to the sickness benefit to which workmen are entitled under the E.S.I. Act in the event of the
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2 38
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1979] 3 s.c.R.
workmen not availing the services of the E.S.I. is legal and/or
justified ? If not, to what relief are the workmen entitled
and with what details ?"
The respondent-workmen contended that the
Employees
State·
Insurance Act, 1948 (hereinafter called the E.S.I. Act) was adopted·
by the appellant, M/s Bareilly Electricity Supply Co. Ltd., in 1957,
that the WO'rkmen used to enjoy, prior to 1957, 15 days' sick
leave with full wages every year in accordance with the terms of an
award given by the State Tribunal, Allahabad, in Adjudication Case
No. 33 of 1952, that under that award, the workmen were entitled to·
sick leave on full wages as a condition of their service, that they also
became entitled to sickness benefit under the Employees State Insurance
Scheme and that the appellant was not justified in reducing the wages
to the extent of a half day's wages in respect of employees availing.
of sick leave.
The appellant contested the demand of the workmen on the grounds,
mter aliu, th>at its action in deducting half wages corresponding to the
sickness benefit to which the workmen we.re entitled under the Act
in regard to the sick leave was in accordance with the provisions of
Regulation 97 of the Employees State Insurance (General) Regulations
1950, that if any individual employee choose not to avail of th~ benefit
due to him from the E.S.I. Corporation on account of his sickness,
a deduction of half the wages corresponding to the sickness benefit
could be made by the employer and that the sickness benefit provided·
under the E.S.I. Act and the Scheme was in substitution of the benefits.
provided by the employer and not in addition thereto. The appellant
raised an objection to the maintainability of the reference on the ground
that the dispute referred by the State Government to the Triounal
was not an industrial dispute and contended further that the subject
matter of the dispute fell within the exclusive jurisdiction of the
Employees State Insurance Court set up under section 74 of the E.S.I.
Act, as a result of which the Industrial Tribunal had no jurisdiction todeal with the dispute.
The objection to the maintainability of the reference and to the·
jurisdiction of the Industrial Tribunal to deal with it not having beeii
pressed by the appellant's counsel, the only question which we liave
to consider is whether the appellant can deduct half-day's wages corresponding to the sickness benefit to which the workmen are entitled under
the E.S.I. Act, in the event of their not availing th~mselves of the
benefits under the E.S.I. Scheme.
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BAREILLY HOLDINGS LTD. v. WORKMEN (Chandrachud, C.J.) 239
Before dealing with this question. it may be mentioned that the
appellant has no objection to paying full wages for two days of sick
leave to the workmen and in fact, it has been paying full wages for
two days out of 15 days' sick leave due to the workmen. The reason
for this course seems to be that the workmen do, not get cash benefit
for the first two days of the waiting period of sickness by reason of
the provisions of section 49 of the E.S.l. Act.
The dispute in this
appeal is, therefore, confined to a period of 13 days of sick kave only,
for which the workmen are being paid half wages by the appellant.
To justify the deduction of half wages from 13 days of sick leave,
the appellant relies on the provisions of section 72 of the E.S. I. Act
and Regulation 97 framed unde;r section 97 ( 1) of the
E.S.I. Act.
Section 72 reads thns :
"Employer not to reduce the wages.
No employer by
reason only of his liability for any contributions payable
under this Act shall directly or indirectly reduce the wages
of any employee, or except as provided by the regulations,
discontinue or reduce benefits payable to him under the
conditions of his se;rvice which are similar to the benefits
conferred by the Act."
The relevant part of Regulation 97 is as follows :
"Discontinuance or reduction of benefi,t.
An employer
may discontinue or reduce the benefits payable to his employees under conditions of tlieir service, which are similar to
the benefits conferred by the Act to the extent specified below,
namely:
(a) from the date of commencement
of the first benefit
period following the appointed day fo;r his factory or establishment -
(i) sick leave on half pay to the full extent;
(ii) such proportion of any combined general purposes
and sick leave on half pay as may be assigned as
sick leave but in any case not exceeding SO per cent
of such combined leave;
(b)
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Provided that where an employee avails himself of any
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leave from the employer for sickness, maternity or temporary
disablement, the employer shall be entitled to deduct from
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240
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1979] 3 s.c.R.
the leave salary of the employee the amount of benefit to
which he may be entitled under the Act for the correi;ponding
period."
The general purpose and effect of section 72 is to deny to the employers the right or power to reduce or discontinue the benefits payable
to the workmen under their conditions of service on the ground that
the benefits available under the conditions of service and under the
E.S.I. Act being similar, the workmen would not be entitled to a double
'
•
benefit. Section 72 provides in terms that the mere circumstance that
>
an employer is liable to make a contribution under the
E.S.I. Act _-l,_
will not entitle him, directly or indirectly, to reduce the wages of an
"-
employee or, in so far as the Regulation permits, discontinue or reduce
7
the benefits payable to him under the conditions cf his service even
if those benefits are similar to the benefits conferred by the E.S.I. Act.
The case of the appellant before the Industrial Tribunal was
that
it was making a contribution to the E.S.I. Corporation for the benefit
of its employees and if any individual employee chose not to avail
of the benefits due to him from the Corporation on account of the
sickness benefit, it is he who ought to suffer and there would be no
justification for obliging the employer to spend for his sickness benefit
twice over. It is precisely this type of argument and attitude that the
legislature an.ticipated and guarded against by incorporating the particular provision in section 72. The purpose of that provision is evidently to discourage employers from using the benefits provided under
the E.S.I. Act as an excuse or justification for reducing or discontinuing
the benefits available to. the workmen under their corrditions of service
on the ground of similarity between the two types of benefits.
That leads to the question as to whether Regulation 97 can justify
the deduction made by the appellant.
Regulation 97 provides that aii
employer may discontinue or reduce the benefits payable to his employees under the conditions of their service which are similar to the
benefits conferred by the E.S.I. Act but only to the extent specified
in clauses (a) and (b) of the Regulation.
We are not concerned
with clause (b) and sub-clauses (i) and (ii) of clause (a) have no
application in· the instant case.
The appellant relie.s strongly oo the
proviso to Regulation 97 under which, where an employee avails himself of any leave from the employer for sickness, the employer shall be
entitled to deduct from his leave salary the amount of benefit to which
he may be entitled under the Act for the corresponding period. The
case of the appellant is that it is enough for justifying the deduetion
from wages due to the workmen tor sick leave that the employee is
covered by the E.S.I. Act or the E.S.I. Scheme.
It is not possible
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BAREILLY HOLDINGS LTD. v. WORKMEN (Chandrachud, C.l.) 241
to accept this submission.
In the first plac.~\ section 46 of the E.S.I.
Act would show that employees who are covered by the E.S.I. AcL
are entitled to certain benefits subject. to the provisions of the E.S.I.
Act.
It is, therefore, not as if the workmen are entitled to the beriefit•
.absolutely and. without compliance with the conditions laid down by
the Act or the Regulation.
Secondly, the proviso to Regulation 97
says that the employer shall be entitled to deduct from the leave salary
of the employee, "the amount of benefit" to which he may be crilitled
under the E.S.I. Act for the corresponding pe.riod of his sickness.
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, workman does not become entitled to the "amount" payable to· him
_. ~-by way of sickness benefit unless, in the first instance, he chooses to
avail himself of the sickness benefit.
That benefit cannot be forced
on him.
This would show that the employer's right to make a deduction from the employee's sick leave wages can only be exercised in
respect of those days of sickness leave for which the workman· has
actually availed of the sickness benefit. Benefits which are available
under the E.S.I. Act are not intended as substitutes for benefits to
which the workmen are entitled under the conditions of their service.
As stated ~rlier, a workman becomes entitled to sickness benefit only
if he is qTl!lified for it and he gets a cash benefit only if he avails
himself of the sickness benefit.
Thus, it is only when a workman, in
fuct, obtains or receives a cash benefit that the employer can exercise
his right to make a deduction from wages due to him by way of leave
.salary.
The decision of this Court in Hindustan Times Ltd.
v.
Their
Workmen(') is not directly in point bnt it can be cited in support
of our reasoniug to the extent which it holds that in providing for
periodical payments to an insured worker in case of sickness, the legis-
~ _ lature did not intend to substitute any of those benefits for the workt'
·· men's right to get leave on full pay on the ground of sickness.
•
For these reasons, we confirm the award of the Industrial Tribunal
and dismiss the appeal with costs.
V.D.K.
Appeal dismissed .
(I) [1964] I S.C.R. 234.
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