# BHAJAN SINGH & ORS v. STATE OF U.P - **Citation:** [1974] 3 S.C.R. 891 - **Court:** Supreme Court of India - **Decided:** 1974-04-09 - **Case number:** Criminal Appeal No. 10 of 1970 - **Bench:** Y. V. Chandrachud, P. K. Gos\VAMI, R. S. Sarkaria - **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/bhajan-singh-ors-v-state-of-u-p-6108 - **Pages:** 5 ## Headnote Indian Penal Code (Act 45 of 1860), s. 149--Scopt of. Co11.r1itutio11 of !11dia, 1950, Art. 136-Crhnbral appeal-lluerference by Supreint Court. The three appellants and two others were convicted for an offence under s. 302/149, I.P.C. and sentenced to imprisonment for life by the Hig1t Court, affirming the judgtnent of the t.rial court, C Dismissing the appeoil by special Jeave, D E G H HELD: (I) Jn an appeal under Art. 136 of the Constitution this Court is \'Cry slow to interfere with the concurrent conclusions of the two courts below with r;egard to appreciation of evidenci: of tfie witnesses. The accused must be ;iblc to make out an extraordinary case of gross and palpable injustice to induc~ this Court to take a view conlrary to thpect of this land. Gurbachan Singh subsequently sold his entire land including the .disputed area to Bhajan Singh. Thereafter Major Singh and hfa father Ujagar Singh asked Bhaja~ Singh to give up possession over the lanu purchased by Major Singh and, on the day before the occurrence, sugI> gested to him that they should go to the Patwari and settle the matter to which Bhajan Singh agreed. On September 17, 1964, at about 11.30 A.M. Bakhshecsh started on a cycle for the house of the Patwari with papers in connection with the disputed land. He was followed on foot, by his father, Ujagar Singh and brother Major Singh. When Ba:khsheesh Singh had hardly gone a distance of about 20 or 25 paces from his house, the five appellants accosted him, Baldeo Singh was armed with t; a spear and Gurbachan Singh with a gandasa and the three other appellants were armed with lathis. Ba:khsheesh Singh got down from the cycle and Bhajan Singh caught hold of him and incited the other appellants to beat him. Baksheesh Singh requested the appellants to accompany bim to. the Patwari to settle the dispute, but Jngat Singh said that they would settle it on the spot. Baldev Singh then give a spear blow to Bakhsheesh Singh, Gurbachan Singh gave him a F gandasa blow on the head and Chain Singh beat him with his lathi. Thereafter the appellants ran away. The occurrence was witnessed by Ujagar Singh (P.W. 3), Major Singh (P.W. 2) and Jogendar Kaur, widow of the deceased (P.W. 4) and Sadhu Singh, Sardari Singh and Prakash Singh, who were servants of Ujagar Singh. Ba:khsheesh Singh was injured in the abdomen and his intestines came out. The injury was bandaged with the turbans of the deceased and Ujagar Singh and (; he was taken to the police Station, Afzalgarh, where a first information report was lodged by Major Singh at 12.45 P.M. The police sent· him to the hospital at Sherkot where Dr. Y ogendra Pal (PW 4 in the Committing . Court) examined him. From there he was take.n to the District Hospital, Bijnor. As his condition was serious, a dying declaration (Ex. Ke-8) was recorded at 9.30 P.M. by the Ta:hsi.ldar- . Magistrate, Shri Balbir Singh (P.W. 1). Ba:khsheesh Singh died next day, September 18, 1964, in the afternoon. Postmortem examination H was perfom1ed by Dr. P. P. Agarwal on 19th September, 1964. According to the Doctor death was due to shock and haemorrhage from the injuries. ,.. . \ \ -b/ ·' .. ' A B c D E F G H BHAJAN SINGH v. u. p, STATE (Goswami,!.) !193 It appears that Gurbachan Singh and Chain Singh had some simple injuries o.n their person but they did not report to the police llOI' were they examined by Dr. K. C. Gupta (D. W. 4) earlier than September 20, 1964, at 4.00 P. M . The defence plea is an absolute denial by. Bhajan Singh, Baldeo Singh and Jagat Singh while Chain Singh an~ Gurbach~q S_ingh gave ·a different version of the occurrence. Accordmg to Cham Smgh he and Gurbachan Singh were grazing .their cattle by the side of the canal when one Sardar Singh and Bakhsheesh Singh came there. Bakbsheesh Singh abused them and there was grappling with him. Major Singh came from behind with a karauli and gave him a blow with ii· When for the second time Major Singh tried to assault him with the karauli in struck Bakhsheesh Singh. According to Gurbachan Singh he tried to intervene and received lathi blows from Sardar Singh. The prosecution relies upon, besides the medical evidence, the evidence ci. the three eye witnesses as noted above namely, PW 2, PW 3 and PW 4 and also upon the statement of Sadhu Si1gh recorded in the court of the Committing Magistrate and admitted in the Court ol Sessions under section 33 of the Evidence Act as well as upon the dying declaration of Bakhsheesh Singh to establish the charges. The High Court has relied, as the Sessions Ju.dge earlier did, upon the evidence of the three eye witnesses and has found that their evidence was carroborated by the dying declaration as well as by the medical evidence, as properly scanned by the courts. In an appeal under Article 136 of the Constitution this Court is very slow to interfere with the concurrent conclusions of the two courts below with regard to the appreciation of evidence of the witnesses. The accused must be able to make out an extraordinary case of gross and palpable injustice to induce us to take a contrary view from that arrived at by the High Court in this case. Even so, the learned counsel ~r tbe, appellants submits that the High Court has ·erred in relying upon the testimony of these partisan witnesses since they are all related to the deceased. But even the deceased is the cousin or the appellant, Bhajan Singh. We have perused the evidenee of the three eye witnesses and could not find any ground to disbelieve their testimony. The learned counsel also could nc~ draw our attention to any serious infirmity in the evidence except characterising their testimony as interested.. Counael further submits that their statements are falsified by the medical evidence. He also submits that the eye witnessei; have not given any explanation for the injuries received by the accused and, therefore, their evidence should be rejected. The same grounds were also pressed into service before the trial court and in the High Court and both the ccilrts repelled the same with good reasons with which we concur . The learned counsel contends that the common object of the unlawful ass.zmbly is only to beat Bakhsheesh Singh and not to kill him. He submits that even on the evidence acceotcd by the High Court charllC under section 302/149 l.P.C. has not been established against the accused. The learned counsel draws our attention to the word 'maro' 894 SUPREME COURT REPORTS • [1974] 3 S.C.R. used by the witnesses before the assault started. On the other hand, our attention is drawn , by the learned counsel for the State, to the F.I.R.• where it is mentioned that Jagat Singh •said, "let us settle the matter here. What will the Patwari do? Kill the sala". Nothing turns decisively on the word 'maro' used by the witnesses and we have to see the entire surrounding circumstances and the quick sequence of events that immediately followed thereafter. It is clear that all the five · accused· came armed with deadly weapons and oJle of them, namely, BhajaJl Singh was the first to catch hold'of the deceased and shouted · "beat the sa\a", while accused J agat Smgh said that they would not go to the Patwari and decide the matter on the spot. He a\so said ··beat this sala". Thereupon Baldeo Singh gave a barchhi blow which . hit the deceased's abdomen. It is, therefore, clear from the llbove version, which· has been accepted by the courts below and which we have no reason to disbelieve, that the five accused were members of an · unlawful assembly 'with the common object to kill Bakhsheesh Singh. We dci not give much importance to the word 'beat' used in the charge in this case and we po not think that the accused have been prejudiced. . by such a recital in the charge from the manner in which the defence · · was conducted iu the trial court in answer to the evidence addressed by the prosecution. The learned counsel strenuously contends that the. accused cannot b~. convicted under section 302/149 l.P.C. as the common object of the assembly was not to kill the deceased. The learned counsel, how- .over, fails to take note of.the fact that section 149 has got two limbs; "If an offence is committed by any member of an unlawful assembly in prosecution of, the common object oi that assembly, or such as the members of that assembly knew to be likely to be committed in prosecution of that object, r:very person who, at the time of the committing of that offence, is a member of the same assembly, is guilty of that offence". Even if, therefore, the accused were originally members of an unlawful · A B c D· E assembly with the common object of only beating Bakhsheesh Singh F having come armed with deadly weapons, some with spear and gan- . dansa and some with lathis, in the desperate manner they have done, and if the members of the assembly knew .that by using these weapons upon Jlakhsheesh Singh death would be caused they are guilty of section 302 read with section 149 I.P.C. There is ncl circumstance in the case which can bring down this case to one under section · 304 I.P.C. The intention was clear to kill Bakhshcesh Singh and all the G accused are guilty of the offenc" charge namely, section ·302/149 I.P.C. . • The learned counsel relied upon a 9ecision · of this court in S!U1J11bhu Nath Singh and Others v. State of Bihar(') and also upon ancither decision in The Queen v. Sabid ,Ali and Others(2). We are unable to appreciate how these decisions help the. accused in the present H case. We arc absolutely satisfied that all the five accused came armed {I) AIR (1960) S.C. ns. (2) 1873 Weekly Reporter (20), S. • , ·~- I BHAJAN SINGH v. u. P. STATE (Goswami,!.) 895 A with deadly weapons despite the arrangement on the previous day to accompany Major Singh and Bhajan-Singh had agreed to go to the Pat- »vari. By turn of events they took a different posture to challenge Bakhsheesh Singh and party on their wa'y to the Patwari, dealt with th-em in the manner they have done resulting in the death of Bakhsheesh Singh. We are of the view that even the second limb of section 149 B I- P. C. is established .on the evi_dence in this case. c D E F From the c·ommencement of the interception of the cqmplainant's party by the accused armed with deadly weapons and first accosting of the deceased by Bhajan Singh with a challenging posture upto the running away of the five accused together after causing fatal injuries on the deceased, there is no escape from the conclusiqn that all the five accused came and worked with one design and object and they were definitely in the know of the fat'll consequence that, actually ensu:1d as a result of the conjoint attack to make them all vicariously responsible under section 149 I.P.C. · Section 149 I.P.C. constitu•es, per sea substantive offence although the punishment is under the section to which it is tagged being committed by the principal offender in tee unlawful ass·embly, known or unknown: Even assuming that the unlawful assembly was formed originally only to beat, it is clearly established in the evidence that the said object is well-knit with what followed as the dangerous finale of, call it, the beating. This is not a case where something foreign or unknown to the object has taken place all of a sudden. It is the execution of the same common object which assumed the fearful character implicit in the illegal action undertaken by the five accused. (See also K. C. Mathew and Others v. The State of Travancore-Cochin( 1). Since all the accused are convicted under se·otion 302/149 I.P.C. there is no further necessity, in the circumstances of this case, for their separate conviction unde< section 147 and 148 of the Indian Penal Code. · Conviction and sentence of Bhajan Singh, Chain Singh and Jagat Singh under section 147 l.P.C. set aside. The conviction of all accused under section 302/149 I.P.C. and their sentence of life imprisonment on each of them are affirmed. 'The appeal is dismiss-ed subject to the above modification. · 1 We may conclude by observing that this murder case has resuited in conviction in spite of the police at the instance of a privat-~ complainant \vho made serious allegations in court against the invzstigating agency. V.P.S. Appeal dismissed. _ (I) [1955) (2) S.C.R. 1057. 14-L84SupCl/75