# CHHAGAN LAL v. MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, INDORE

- **Citation:** [1977] 2 S.C.R. 871
- **Court:** Supreme Court of India
- **Decided:** 1977-01-28
- **Bench:** A. N. Ray, M. H. Beg, P. s. KAILASAM
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/chhagan-lal-v-municipal-corporation-indore-7116
- **Pages:** 6

## Headnote

M.P. Municipal Corporation Act,
1956-House
Tax
levied
under
the
.Madhya Bliarat Municipalities Act, 1954-0n appeal corporation directed to
decide the assessment afresh-Whether tax is payable from tile date of original
assessment or after remand .
. Under the Madhya Bharat Municipalities Act, 1954, the Municipal Corporation determined the house tax payable by the appellant in respect of his bouse
A
B
with effect .from April 1, 1954.
On appeal by the appellant regarding assessC
ment, the Additional District Judge remanded the case to the Corporation for
a fresh decision after due enquiry. Ultimately, by a notice dated October 12,
1965 issued under s. 146 of the Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act,
1956 (as amended in 1961) the Corporation revised the amount of (ax payable
but maintained the date of liability for payment of tax as April 1, 1954.
On
appeal by the appellant, the additional District Judge held that the tax was payable with effect from April 1, 1965 and not April 1, 1954 for the reason that
the tax was finally fixed after the notice dated October 12, 1965. The Revision
Petition of the Corporation was allowed by the High Court holding that ta·x was
D
payable from April 1, 1954 because the proceedings were started even before
the 1956-Act came into force.
In appeal to this Court the appellant contended that (1) as the fresh notice
was issued under s. 146 of the 1956-Act on October 12, 1965 after remand of
the case by the District Judge, house tax could be imposed only with effect
from April l, 1965 and not retrospectively and (2) the order of the District
Judge being final under s. 149(1) of the 1956-Act the High Court had no jurisE
diction to interfere with that order and in any event the High Court exceeded
its power under s. 115, C.P.C.
Dismissing the appeal.
HELD : The proceeding relating to the house tax was a continuous proceeding relating to the tax payable from April l, 19 54 and the notice issued by the
Corporation after remand by the District Judge did not amount to notice of
fresh assessment or re-assessment. [87 4 E-F]
F
1. There is no force in the contention that under the 1956-Act the municipality had no power to pursue the proceedings regarding the levy of tax for an
earlier period. The notice issued by the Corporation to the appellant made it
clear that the Commissioner was proceeding to fix the value in pursuance of the
remand.
The appellant's plea that the Commissioner was not authorised to
determine the value and impose the tax for any period before the date of issue
of the notice ignores the fact that the valuation and determination of tax from
G
1954 was pending and the proceedings related to that period.
Section 3(3)
of the 1956-Act provides that all rates, taxes and sums of money due to the
Municipalities when ·this Act was made applicable shall be deemed to be dne to
the Corporation and sub-s. ( 4) states that all suits and other legal proceedings
institued by or against a Municipality may be conuinued by or against the Corporation. The proceedings in, the instant case were originally taken under the
Madhya Bharat Municipalities Act, 1954 and the proceedings regarding the
levy of the house tax were not concluded when under the new Act the Corporation became entitled to pursue the proceedings. [874 F-C, 875 A-DJ
H
2. (a) Under s. 115, C.P.C. the High Court has power to revise the order
passed by Courts subordinate to it.
The District Court being subordinate to
872
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1977] 2 s.c.R.
A
the High Court, is liable to the revisional jurisdiction of the High Court. Moreover, the question of want of jurisdiction of the High Court was not raised before that Court a·nd cannot be allowed to be raised in this Court for the first
B
c
D
E
F
G
H
time. [87 5 F-GJ
·
(b) The principles governing interference by the High Court under s. 115,
C.P.C. have been laid clown by this Court in a catena of decisions, the last of
which is The Municipal Corporation of Delhi v. S11resh Chandra Jaipuria

## Text

871
CHHAGAN LAL
v.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, INDORE
January 28, 1977
[A. N. RAY, C.J., M. H. BEG AND P. s. KAILASAM: JJ.]
M.P. Municipal Corporation Act,
1956-House
Tax
levied
under
the
.Madhya Bliarat Municipalities Act, 1954-0n appeal corporation directed to
decide the assessment afresh-Whether tax is payable from tile date of original
assessment or after remand .
. Under the Madhya Bharat Municipalities Act, 1954, the Municipal Corporation determined the house tax payable by the appellant in respect of his bouse
A
B
with effect .from April 1, 1954.
On appeal by the appellant regarding assessC
ment, the Additional District Judge remanded the case to the Corporation for
a fresh decision after due enquiry. Ultimately, by a notice dated October 12,
1965 issued under s. 146 of the Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act,
1956 (as amended in 1961) the Corporation revised the amount of (ax payable
but maintained the date of liability for payment of tax as April 1, 1954.
On
appeal by the appellant, the additional District Judge held that the tax was payable with effect from April 1, 1965 and not April 1, 1954 for the reason that
the tax was finally fixed after the notice dated October 12, 1965. The Revision
Petition of the Corporation was allowed by the High Court holding that ta·x was
D
payable from April 1, 1954 because the proceedings were started even before
the 1956-Act came into force.
In appeal to this Court the appellant contended that (1) as the fresh notice
was issued under s. 146 of the 1956-Act on October 12, 1965 after remand of
the case by the District Judge, house tax could be imposed only with effect
from April l, 1965 and not retrospectively and (2) the order of the District
Judge being final under s. 149(1) of the 1956-Act the High Court had no jurisE
diction to interfere with that order and in any event the High Court exceeded
its power under s. 115, C.P.C.
Dismissing the appeal.
HELD : The proceeding relating to the house tax was a continuous proceeding relating to the tax payable from April l, 19 54 and the notice issued by the
Corporation after remand by the District Judge did not amount to notice of
fresh assessment or re-assessment. [87 4 E-F]
F
1. There is no force in the contention that under the 1956-Act the municipality had no power to pursue the proceedings regarding the levy of tax for an
earlier period. The notice issued by the Corporation to the appellant made it
clear that the Commissioner was proceeding to fix the value in pursuance of the
remand.
The appellant's plea that the Commissioner was not authorised to
determine the value and impose the tax for any period before the date of issue
of the notice ignores the fact that the valuation and determination of tax from
G
1954 was pending and the proceedings related to that period.
Section 3(3)
of the 1956-Act provides that all rates, taxes and sums of money due to the
Municipalities when ·this Act was made applicable shall be deemed to be dne to
the Corporation and sub-s. ( 4) states that all suits and other legal proceedings
institued by or against a Municipality may be conuinued by or against the Corporation. The proceedings in, the instant case were originally taken under the
Madhya Bharat Municipalities Act, 1954 and the proceedings regarding the
levy of the house tax were not concluded when under the new Act the Corporation became entitled to pursue the proceedings. [874 F-C, 875 A-DJ
H
2. (a) Under s. 115, C.P.C. the High Court has power to revise the order
passed by Courts subordinate to it.
The District Court being subordinate to
872
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1977] 2 s.c.R.
A
the High Court, is liable to the revisional jurisdiction of the High Court. Moreover, the question of want of jurisdiction of the High Court was not raised before that Court a·nd cannot be allowed to be raised in this Court for the first
B
c
D
E
F
G
H
time. [87 5 F-GJ
·
(b) The principles governing interference by the High Court under s. 115,
C.P.C. have been laid clown by this Court in a catena of decisions, the last of
which is The Municipal Corporation of Delhi v. S11resh Chandra Jaipuria &
Anr. (A.LR. 1976 S.C. 2621). [875 H, 876 A-BJ
Ba/derdas Shiv/al & Anr. v. Fi/111ista11 Distributors (India) (P) Ltd. & Ors.
[1970] 1 S.C.R. 435, M/s. D.L.F. Housing and Constmr:tion Co. (P) Ltd. v.
Samp Singh and Ors. A.1.R. 1971 S.C. 2324, The Managing Director (MIG)
Hi11dwtan Aeronautics Ltd. Balanagar, Hyderabad and Anr. v. Ajit Prasad
Tanvay, Manager (Purchase and Stores) Hindustan Aeronautib Ltd. Balanagar,
Hyderqbad, A.LR. 1973 S.C. 76 and
The M1111icipa/ Corporation of Delhi v.
Suresh Chandra Jaip11ria and Anr. A.LR. 1976 S.C. 2621 referred to.
Crv1L APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1888/68.
Appeal by Special Leave from the Judgment and Order dated
10-1-1968 of the Madhya Pradesh High Court (Indore Bench) in
Civil Revision No. 76/67.
D. V. Patel and S. K. Gambhir for the Appellant.
V. P. Raman, Addl. Sol. Genl., Y. S. Chitale and D. N. Mishra
for the Respondent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
~JLASAM, J. This appeal i•s by special leave against the judgment
and order of the High Court of Madhya Pradesh, Bench at Indore
revising the order\ of the Additional District Judge and holding that
the appellant is liable to pay tax from April 1, 1954 and not from
Aprl.l 1, 1965 only as held by the District Judge.
The appellant is the owner of a factory at No. 1, Shivaji Nagar,
Indore.
On January 8, 1954 the rental of the factory was assessed
at Rs. 564 per month and the house-tax payable at Rs. 475/14/-
with effect from April 1, 19 51.
.The dispute is whether tax is payable from April 1, 1954. By
an order dated March 20, 1956 the house-tax was determined at
Rs. 891/1/- per annum by the Municipal Corporation with effect
from April 1, 1954.
Against the said
assessment the appellant
preferred an appeal before the Municipal Appeal Committee, Indore.
The Appeal Committee allowed the appeal and remanded the case
for deciding it on merits after giving a hearing to the appellant.
After remand, the Municipal Corporation again inquired into
the
matter and. determined the rental value at Rs. 940/- per month and
reduced the tax to Rs. 793 /21- per. year by an order
dated
11th
February, 1957, as payable from April 1, 1954.
The
appellant
objectedto the assessment and gave notice of objecti'.:m under section
147(1) of the Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1956,
bnt the objection was summarily rejected by the Muni<cipal Commis-
•
sioner.
The appellant preferred an
appeal
being
Miscellaneous
Appeal No. 41 of 1957 to the 1st Additional District Judge, Indore.
By an order dated March 10, 1960, the Additional District Judge
C}JHAGAN LAL v. MUNICIPAL CORP. (Kailasam, J.)
87 3
allowed the appeal and remanded the case for decision afresh after
proper inquiry.
On remand, a notice dated February 11, 1963, was
i'ssued to the appellant under section 144(1) of the Madhya Pradesh
Municipal Corporation Act, 1956, as amended by Act 13 of 1961
calling upon him to furnish the requirsd information.
The Corporation also issued another notice to the appellant on May 7,
1964,
informing the appellant that the Junior Overseer had submitted a
report that considerable changes have been effected in the factory
a11d calling upon him to submit a detailed plan.
The appellant
replied asking for details.
Subsequently, the appellant
received
a
notice dated October 12, 1965, under section 146 of the Madhya
Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act whereby he was informed that
the annual valuation oLthe property was assessed at Rs. 10,870.:W
and Rs. 764.18 was fixed as the annual property tax with effect from
April l, 1954.
He was also informed that if he had a9y objection he
could file his objections under sectl\m 147 (1) within 30 days from
the receipt of the said notice. The appellant filed his objections on
November 11, l 965.
The Commissioner rejected fhe objections by
his order dated May 26, 1966, and confirmed the valuation of the
property and tax imposed by it on October 12, 1965.
The appellant
was informed by the Corporation by its letter dated June l, 1966,
that the amount of Rs. 764.18 as tax has been fi£ed with effect from
April l, 1954, on the basis of the valuation of the annual income of
Rs. 10,870.20.
A
~
Aggrieved by the. order of the Commissioner the appellant filed
Civil Miscellaneous Appeal No. 70 of 1966 before the 2nd Additional
District Judge, Indore.
The learned Judge by his order dated December 21, 1966, partly allowed the appeal and held that the appellant
would be liable to pay the property tax of Rs. 764.18 with effect from
April 1, 1965, ·only, and not from April 1, 1954.
The respondent
Municipality then filed a Revision Petition before the High
Court
and the High Court by its order dated January 10, 1968, in Civil
Revision No. 76 of 1967 allowed the Revision Petition and held that
levy of the house-tax at Rs. 764.18 would be payable from April, 1,
1954 itself.
Against the order of tJ1e High Court the appellant filed a petition
under Article 136 of the Constitution and on the grant of a special
leave by this Court on August 23, 1968, 'chis appealhas come up before us for final .hearing.
'
'
The learned counsel for the appellant raised two contentions. He
submitted that as a fresh notice was issued under section 144 ,of the
amended Act on October 12, 1965 no tax
could 'be imposed wjth
•· •
retrospective effect and the order of the High Court directing payment
of tax from April 1, 1954, is against law.
It was next contended
B
c
D
E
F
G
tliat the decision of the 2nd Additional District Judge is final and
H
tlie High Court had no jurisdiction to interfere with 'it.
In any event
1 .-
it had exceeded its powers under section 11_5 of the Civil Procedure
Code.
874
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1977} 2 S.C.R.
A
From the facts set out it will be apparent that the order fixing the
!<ix at Rs. 891/1/- per annum with effect from April 1, 1954
was
made on March 20, 1956.
That order was challenged before yarious
forums.
The Municipal Appeal Committee had first allowed
an
appeal preferred by the appellant and remanded . the case to
the
Municipal Corporation.
After remand the Municipal Corporation
reduced the tax to Rs. 793/2/- by its order dated February 11, 1957.
B · Bi.;t again the assessment was objected to under section I 4 7 ( l) of
the Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act.
The Municipal
Commissioner dismissed the objections and thereupon there was
an
appeal to the Additional District Judge who allowed the appeal and
remanded the matter for fresh disposal on March 10, 1960.
After
remand the Corporation
reduced the tax
further and fixed ·it
at
Rs. 764.18 with effect from April 1, 1954 by its order dated October
C
12, 1965.
The appellant filed objections and the objections were
rejected by the Commissioner by
its order dated May 26,
1966.
Against the order fixing the tax at Rs. 764.18 the appellant filed an
appeal to the 2nd Additional District Judge, Indore, who by his order
dated December 21, 1966 held that the property tax has to be paid
only from April l, 1965 and not from
April 1; 1954.
That order
was challenged by the Municipality before the High Court which
D
alJowed the Civil Revision and held that the house-tax at Rs. 764.18
is payable from April 1, 1954.
It will be thus seen that the proceeding related to the tax payable from April 1, '1954.
The point that
is taken by the learned counsel is that after the remand by the learned
District Judge by his order dated March 10, 1960, the proceedings
started by the Municipality by its notice, dated October 12, 1965 were
under section 146 of the Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act
E
and as the new Act was not retrospective in its effect the tax is payable only from April 1, 1965.
This plea cannot be accepted as from
the narration of the facts it can be seen that it was a
continuous
proceeding relating to the tax payable from April 1, 1954, and there
is no substance in the plea that the notice amounted to notice of fresh
assessment or re-assessment.
Equally untenable is his plea that the
notice given by the Municipality on Ocfober 12, 1965 cannot have the
F
effect of levying tax for any period earlier than April, 1965. The
notice issued by the Municipal Corporation bearing No. 18000 dated
February 11, 1963, runs as follows:-
-
G
H
"Under section 144(1) of the Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, you are hereby
informed
the
necessary particulars in the proforma given below, together
with the detailed plan of the building of the abovementioned
factory i:nay please be furnished within 7 days from
the
receipt of this letter; for the puqrose of assessment.
As
the case has been remanded by the court, it is necessary to
make assessment again."
The notice itself specifically states that the assessment was to be
made again in pursuance of the order of remand. The notice No. 10195
dated October 12, 1965 is under
section 146 of the
Municipal
Act and it stated that on remand of the matter from the District Court
•
......
...
..
CHHAGAN LAL v. MUNICIPAL CORP. (Kailasam, !.)
8 7 5
regarding the assessment of the property No. 1, Shivaji Nagar,
the
annual tax has been assessed at Rs. 764.18 and called upon
the
appellant to file any objections if he has within 30 days from th~ r.eceipt of the notice under section 147(1) of the Act.
The notice itself makes it clear that the Commissioner was proceeding to fix
the
value in pursuance of the remand and called upon him to. file his objections under section 147.
The plea: of the learned counsel for
the appellant is that the Commissioner is not authorised to determine
the value and impose a tax for any period befo1'e the date of
issue
of the notice.
This contention ignores the fact that the V1Jcluation
and determination of the tax from the yellr 1954 was pending and the
proceedings related to that period.
Seetion 3 of the M. P. Munic.ipal Corporation Act, 1956, Act 23 of 1956, amongst other things provides under sub-section (3) that "All rates, taxes and sums of money
due to the Municipalities of such city when this Act is made applicable shall be deemed to be due to the Corporation," and under subsection ( 4) of section 3 "All suits or other Legal proceedings, civil or
criminal, instituted by or against the Municipality of such city may be
continued by or against the Corporation."
The proceedings were
originally taken under the Madhya Bharat Municipalities Act,
1954and the proceedings regarding the levy of the house-tax were not concluded when under the new Act the Corporation became entitled to
pursue the proceedings.
We do not see any basis for the contention
that under the new Act the Municipality had no power to pursue the
proceedings regarding the levy of the tax for an earlier period.
We
therefore reject the first contention as being without any substance.
A
B
c
D
The secopd contention is based on section 149 tlf the
Madhya..,
Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1956.
It provides that any· E
appeal shall lie from the decision of the Municipal Commissicmer to
the Di~):rict Court, when any dispute arises as to the liability of any
land or building to assessment.
Sub-section ( 1) of section
149
provides that the decision of the District Court shall be final.
It was
submitted that the decision of the District Court was therefore final
and that the High Court was in error in entertaining a Revision Petition.
This plea cannot be accepted for, under section 1I5 of the
Civil Procedure Code the High Court has got a power to revise the
order passed by courts subordinate tu.~t.
It 'cannot be disputed that
the District Coutt is a subordinate· court and is liable to the revisional
jurisdiction of the, High Court.
That leaves us with the last contention of the appellant that the High Court acted beyond its power as a
court of revision.
This point will have to be summarily dismissed as
the question of want of jurisdiction of the High Court was not raised
before the High Court and therefore cannot be allowed to be raised in
this Court for the first time.
The learned> counsel for the appellant
pleaded that the question involves total lack of powers of the
High
Court and this Court should hold that the order of the High Court is
without jurisdiction.
This Court has laid down the principles governing interference under section 115 of the Civil Procedure Code is
Baldevda:I Shiv/al & Anr. v. Filmistan Distributors (India) (P) Ltd.
& Ors., (') M/s. D.L.F. Housing and Construction Co. (P) Ltd. v.
(1) [1970J l S.C.R. 435.
8-206SCI/77
F
G
H
A
c
876
SUPREME COT:/RT REPORTS
[1977] 2 s.c.R.
Sarup singh and Ors., (1) and The ManagJng Director (MIG) Hi.ndustan Aeronautics Ltd. Balanagar Hyderabad and Anr. v. Ajit Prasad
Tarway, Manager (Purchase and Stores) Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd.
Balangar Hyderabad.(') These cases have been referred to in the recent decision of this Court in The Municipal Corporation of Delhi v.
Suresh Chandra JO!ipuria and Anr .. () 9) and the attention of the learned Judges of the High Court was drawn to the law declared by this
Court.
We consider it unnecessary to discuss the law on the subject
over again as this appeal is liable to be dismissed on the ground that
the point was not taken before the High Court and the discretion of
this Court to interfere or not is beyond question.
In the, result we find that there is no substance in this appeal and
dismiss the same with costs.
P.B.R.
(!) A.LR. 1971 S.C. 2324.
(2} A.I.R. 1973 S.C. 76,
.(3) A.I.R. t9V6 S.C. 262l.
Appeal tNimissed.
•
...
. ..
. • '
....