# ' COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, MADRAS v. S. CHENNIAPPA MUDALIAR, MADURAI

- **Citation:** [1969] 3 S.C.R. 818
- **Court:** Supreme Court of India
- **Decided:** 1969-02-24
- **Case number:** Civil Appeal No. 1015 of 1968
- **Bench:** J. C. Shah, V. Ramaswam!, A. N. Grover
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/commissioner-of-income-tax-madras-v-s-chenniappa-mudaliar-madurai-4646
- **Pages:** 9

## Headnote

Income Tax Act 1922, section 33(4)-Appellate Tribunal Rules !946;
Rule 24-lf Appellate Tribunal has powers to dismiss appeal for default
in appearance-Whether Tribunal bound to pass orders on merits-If rule
24 ultra vires section 33(4).
B
The respondent's appeal against an order of assessment was rejected
by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and he, the -.after appealed to
C
the Appellate Tribunal. The Tribunal, after having granted some adjournments, dismissed the appeal for default in appearance Qn a day fixed for
the hearing, purporting to do so under rule 24 of the Appellate Tribunal
Rules, 1946. The Hi~h Court directed the Tribunal to refer two questions
to itself, one relating to the merits and the other to the effect whether rule
24 of the Appellate Tribunal Rules, 1946, in so far as it enab·es the Tribunal to dismiss an appeal in default in appearance, is
ultra vlres. A
D
special bench of the High Court took the view that under section 3 3 ( 4)
the Tribunal ·was bound to dispose of the. appeal on the merits, whether
the appellant was present or not.
On appeal to this Court,
HELD : It follows from the language of s. 33 ( 4) and in particular
the use of the word "thereon" that the Tribunal has to go into the corE
rectness or otherwise of the points decided by the departmental authorities
in the light of the submissions made by the appellant. This can only be
done by giving a decision on the merits on questions of fact and law and
not by merely disposing of the appeal on the ground that the party concerned bad failed to appear, [824 C-D]
The provisions contained in s, 66 about making a reference on QUO$•
lions of law to the High Court would be rendered nugatory if a power is
F
attributed to the Appellate Tribunal by which it can dismiss an appeal,
which has otherwise been properly filed, for default, without making an
order thereon in accordance with s. 33(4). So far as the questions of
fact are concerned the deci:sion of the Tribunal is final and reference can
be sought to the High Court only on questions of law. The High Court
exercises purely advisory jurisdiction and has no appellate or revisional
powers. The advisory jurisdiction can be exercised on a proper reference
being made and that cannot be done unless the Tribunal itself bas passed
G
a proper order under s. 33(4). [824 E-H]
Rule 24 clearly comes into conflict with section 33(4) and in the event
of repugnancy between the substantive p'rovisions of the Act and, a rule,
it is the rule which must give way to the provisions of the Act. [825 HJ
Shri Bhtgwan Radha Kishen v. Commissioner of Income tax, U.P. 22
l.T.R. 104; Ruvula Subba Rao & Ors. v. Commis.<ioner of Income tax
H
MttdMs, 27 l.T.R. 164; Mangat Ram Kurhiala & Ors. v. Commissioner of
Income tax, Punjab, 38 I.T.R. 1; Hukumchand Mi/ls Lrd. v. Commissioner
of Income tax, Central Bombay, 63 I.T.R. 232; Com'11issloner of lnco1118
A
B
c
D
C.I.T. v. CHENNIAPPA (Grover, J.)
S!9
tax Madr/18 v. Mtt. Ar. S. Ar. Aru11JJcha/am Ch<ttiar, 23 I.T.R. 180 and
Co1nmissioner of Income tax, Bombay v. Scirtdia Steam Navigation Co.
Ltd. 42 J.T.R. 589, referred to.

## Text

'
COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, MADRAS
A
v.
S. CHENNIAPPA MUDALIAR, MADURAI
February 24, 1969
[J. C. SHAH, V. RAMASWAM! AND A. N. GROVER, JJ.]
Income Tax Act 1922, section 33(4)-Appellate Tribunal Rules !946;
Rule 24-lf Appellate Tribunal has powers to dismiss appeal for default
in appearance-Whether Tribunal bound to pass orders on merits-If rule
24 ultra vires section 33(4).
B
The respondent's appeal against an order of assessment was rejected
by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and he, the -.after appealed to
C
the Appellate Tribunal. The Tribunal, after having granted some adjournments, dismissed the appeal for default in appearance Qn a day fixed for
the hearing, purporting to do so under rule 24 of the Appellate Tribunal
Rules, 1946. The Hi~h Court directed the Tribunal to refer two questions
to itself, one relating to the merits and the other to the effect whether rule
24 of the Appellate Tribunal Rules, 1946, in so far as it enab·es the Tribunal to dismiss an appeal in default in appearance, is
ultra vlres. A
D
special bench of the High Court took the view that under section 3 3 ( 4)
the Tribunal ·was bound to dispose of the. appeal on the merits, whether
the appellant was present or not.
On appeal to this Court,
HELD : It follows from the language of s. 33 ( 4) and in particular
the use of the word "thereon" that the Tribunal has to go into the corE
rectness or otherwise of the points decided by the departmental authorities
in the light of the submissions made by the appellant. This can only be
done by giving a decision on the merits on questions of fact and law and
not by merely disposing of the appeal on the ground that the party concerned bad failed to appear, [824 C-D]
The provisions contained in s, 66 about making a reference on QUO$•
lions of law to the High Court would be rendered nugatory if a power is
F
attributed to the Appellate Tribunal by which it can dismiss an appeal,
which has otherwise been properly filed, for default, without making an
order thereon in accordance with s. 33(4). So far as the questions of
fact are concerned the deci:sion of the Tribunal is final and reference can
be sought to the High Court only on questions of law. The High Court
exercises purely advisory jurisdiction and has no appellate or revisional
powers. The advisory jurisdiction can be exercised on a proper reference
being made and that cannot be done unless the Tribunal itself bas passed
G
a proper order under s. 33(4). [824 E-H]
Rule 24 clearly comes into conflict with section 33(4) and in the event
of repugnancy between the substantive p'rovisions of the Act and, a rule,
it is the rule which must give way to the provisions of the Act. [825 HJ
Shri Bhtgwan Radha Kishen v. Commissioner of Income tax, U.P. 22
l.T.R. 104; Ruvula Subba Rao & Ors. v. Commis.<ioner of Income tax
H
MttdMs, 27 l.T.R. 164; Mangat Ram Kurhiala & Ors. v. Commissioner of
Income tax, Punjab, 38 I.T.R. 1; Hukumchand Mi/ls Lrd. v. Commissioner
of Income tax, Central Bombay, 63 I.T.R. 232; Com'11issloner of lnco1118
A
B
c
D
C.I.T. v. CHENNIAPPA (Grover, J.)
S!9
tax Madr/18 v. Mtt. Ar. S. Ar. Aru11JJcha/am Ch<ttiar, 23 I.T.R. 180 and
Co1nmissioner of Income tax, Bombay v. Scirtdia Steam Navigation Co.
Ltd. 42 J.T.R. 589, referred to.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1015 of
1968.
Appeal from. the judgment and order dated April 30, 1964
of the Madras High Court in T.C. No. 194 of 1961 (Reference
No. 74 of 1961).
D. Narsaraju, R.H. Dhebar, R. N. Sachthey and B. D. Sharma,
for the appellll\.'lt.
R. Gopalkrishnan and R. Ba/asubramaniam, for the respondent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Grover, J.
This is an appeal by certificate from a judgment
of the Special Bench of the Madras High Court in which the sole
question that has to be determined is whether Rule 24 of the Appellate Tribunal Rules, 1946, insofar as it enables the Tribunal
to dismiss an appeal for default of appearance was ultra vires the
provisions of s. 33 of the Income tax Act, 1922, hereinafter called
the "Act".
The facts which gave rise to the reference which was made
to the High Court by the Appellate Tribunal lie within a narrow
E
compass. The assessee owned 1674 shares in Asher Textiles Ltd.
and 9 out of 20 shares in Textile Corporation (Private) Ltd. ~t
Tiruppur. The latter company was the managing agents of the
Asher Textiles Ltd. The assessee was a Joint Managing Director
of the Textile Corporation (Private) Ltd. along with one P. D.
Asher. The assessee sold on December 21, 1954 his entire holding
F
in two companies to Asher and some of his relations. These sales
resulted in a profit of Rs. 72,515/- and Rs. 3,14,100/- respectively.
The Income tax Officer assessed these amounts to tax for the
assesment year 1956-57 under s. 10(5A) of the Act as compensation earned for parting with the effective power of management.
The assessment was upheld by the Appellate Assistant CommisG
sioner. The assessee appealed to the Appellate Tribunal.
After
some adjournments the appeal was finally fixed for hearing on
Augu,:·. 26, 1958.
On that date no one was present on behalf
of the assessee nor was there any application for an adjournment.
On August 28, 1958 the Tribunal dismissed the appeal for default
of appearance. This the Tribunal purported to do under Rule 24
H
of the Appellate Tribunal Rules, 1946 as amended by notification
dated January 26, 1948.
Five weeks after the disposal of the
appeal the assessee filed a petition before the Appellate Tribunal
praying for its restoration. It was stated, inter alia, in that petition
L 11 Sup Cl/69-3
820
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
(1969] 3 S.C.R.
that it was owing to some misapprehension on the part of the
assessee's auditors at Coimbatore that the date of the hearing of
the appeal was not intimated to the counsel at Madras who was
convalescing there after a surgical operation. The Tribunal did
not consider that there was sufficient cause for restoration and
rejected the petition. The assessee applied for a reference under
s. 66( 1) of the Act on two questions of law but that application
was rejected by the Tribunal. The assessee approached the High
Court under s. 66(2) of the Act and on April}, 1960 the High
Court directed the Tribunal to state the case on two questions.
The matter was first heard by a division bench but owing 10 the
validity of Rule 24 having been canvasse~ a special bench consist·
ing of the Chief Justice arid two judges was constituted.
The
special bench reframed the first question thus :
"Whether rule 24 of the Appellate Tribunal Rules,
1946 in so far as it enables the tribunal to dismiss an
appeal for default of appearance, is ultra vires."
The second question was
"Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of
the case the two sums of Rs. 72,515 and Rs. 3,14,100
were assessable to tax under s. 10(5A) of the Income
tax Act?"
Rule 24 was framed under sub-s. (8) of s. 5A of the Act. This
provision confers power on the Appellate Tribunal
to frame
Rules regulating its own procedure. Section 5A (8) reads :
"Subject to the provisions of this Act, the appellate
tribunal shall have power to regulate its own procedure
and the procedure of Benches of the Tribunal in all matters arising out of the discharge of its functions, including the places at which the Benches shall hold their
sittings."
The Appellate Tribunal first made certain Rules which were published by means of a·notification dated Feburary 1, 1941. Rule
36 provided that the Tribunal shall determine the appeal on
merits notwithstanding the fact that the appellant did not choose
to appear.
The Tribunal was also empowered to restore
an
appeal which had been disposed of Without hearing the appellant.
The Rules made in 1941 were substituted by the Appellate Tribunal Rules, 1946 which were promulgated by means of Income·
tax Appellate Tribunal Notification, dated October 31, 1946. Rule
24 was in the followfug tenns :
"Where on the day fixed for hearing or any other
day to which the hearing may be adjourned, the appelA
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C.I.T. V. CHBNNIAPPA (Grover,/.}
lant does not appear when the appeal is called on for
hearing, the Tribunal may, in its discretion, either dismiss the appeal for default or may hear it ex parte ."
821
This Rule was amended by means of a notification dated January
26, 1948 and it took the following shape :
B
"Where on the day fixed for hearing or any other
day to which the hearing may be adjourned, the appellant does not appear when the appeal is called on for
hearing, the tribunal may
dismiss
the appeal
for
default."
The Rule contained no provision for restoring an appeal dismissed
· C
for default.
The Special Bench o~ the High Court noticed the previous
history of Rule 24 as also the terms in which it came· to be framed
after the passing of the Income tax Act, 1961 which enables the
Tribunal, in its discretion, either to dismiss the appeal for default
D or to hear it ex parte in case of non-appearance of the parties and
further enables the Tribunal to set aside the dismissal on sufficient cause being shown for non-appearance.
After referring to
various decided cases and examining the relevant provisions of
the Act, the Special Bench sun'Uned up the position thus :
E
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G
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"To sum up the position, the Appellate Tribunal is
the appointed machinery under the Act for finally deciding questions of fact in relation to assessment of incometax. Its composition, consisting as it does of qualified
persons in law and accountancy, makes it peculiarly
qualified to deal with all questions raised . in a case,
whether there be a5sistance from the party or his counsel
or riot. Section 33 ( 4) obliges it to decide an appeal,
after giving an opportunity to the parties to put forward
their case. The giving of the opportunity only emphasises the character of the quasi-judicial function pet,
formed by the Appellate Tribunal. The fact that that
opportunity is not ayailed of in a particular case, will
not entitle the Tribunal not to decide the case. There
can be no decision 'of the case on its merits if the matter
is to be disposed of for default of appearance of the
parties. Further, an adjudication on the merits of the
case is essential to enable the High Coun to pedorm
its statutory duty and for the Supreme Coun to hear lllll
appeal filed under section 66-A. Section 33 ( 4) itself
indicate& by the use of the word ''thereon" that the. decision . should relate to the subject matter of the appeal
Rule 24, therefore, to be consistent with s. 33 ( 4) could
only empower the Tribunal to dispose of the appeal on
8 22
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1969] 3 S.C.R.
its merits, whether there. be an appearance of the party
before it or not. This was iDdeed the rule when it was
first promulgated in the year 1941. The rule in its present form, as amended in the year 1948, in so far as it
enables the dismissal of an appeal before the Income
tax Appellate Tribunal for default of appearance of the
appellant, will, therefore, be ultra vires, as being in conflict with the provisions of Section 33 ( 4) of the Act."
On behalf of the appellant it was urged that the powers of the
Appellate Tribunal relating to an appeal are derived from s. 33 ( 4)
as also from s. 5A ( 8) and the Rules made thereunder and when
Rule 24 cannot be said to be ultra vires the latter provision it cannot be impugned as being repugnant to s.
33 ( 4).
Ther~ is
nothing, either express or implied, in the language of s. 33 ( 4)
from which it could be held that the order of the Tribunal in an
appeal must always be made on the merits. The decisions of the
Allahabad, Madras and Punjab High Courts in Shri
Bha~wan
Radha Kishen v. Commissioner of Income tax, U.P.,(') Ruvula
Subba Rao & Ors. v. Commissioner of Income tax, Madras( 2)
and Mangat Ram Kuthiala & Ors. v. Commissioner of Income
tax, Punjab(') have also been pressed in support of the appellant'•
contention.
Now s. 5A of the Ac~ appears in Chapter 2A relating to the Appellate Tribunal. Sub-ss. (I) to ( 4) provide for the
constitution of the Tribunal and the appointment of its President
and Members.
Sub-sections (5) to (7) provide for the manner
iii which the benches of the Tribunal have to function. Sub-section
( 8) is to this effect :
"Subject to the provisions of this Act the Appellate
Tribunal shall have the ,power to regulate its own procedure and the procedure of benches of the Tribunal in all
matters arising out of the discharge of its functions including the places at which the bench shall hold their
sittings."
The powers, functions and duties of the Appellate Tribunal are
"'t out in ss. 28, 33, 35, 37, .48 and 66. For our purpose reference may be made only to ss. 33 and 66. · Sub-sections (I) ~nd
(2) of s. 33 give a right to the assessee and the Commissioner to
a;ipcal to lhc Appellate Tribunal against the order passed by ihe
Appellate Assistant Commissioner within sixty days of the communication of his order. Under sub. s. (2A) the Tribunal can
admit an appeal after the expiry of sixty days if it is satisfied that
there was sufficient cause for not presenting it within that period.
Sub-section (3) lays down the formalities in the matter of the
filing of an appeal. Sub-s. ( 4) is to the effect that the Appellate
(I) 22 J.T.R. 104.
(3) 38 I.T.R. 1.
(2) 27 I.T.R. 164.
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A
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C.I.T. v. CHENNIAPPA (Grover, J.)
823
Tribunal may, after giving toth parties to the appeal an opportunity of being heard, pass such orders thereon as it thinks fit and
shall communicate any such. orders to the assesse.: and to the Commissioner. Sub-s. ( 5) deals with the changes to be made in the
assessment as a result of the orders of the Appellate Tribunal.
Sub-section ( 6) makes the orders of the Tribunal on appeal final,
the only saving being with reference to the provisions of s. 66.
Under that section the assessee or the Commissioner can require
the Appellate Tribunal to refer to the High Court any question of
law arising out of the order of the Appellate Tribunal and if the
Tribunal refuses to state the case on the ground that no question of
law arises the ·assessee or the Commissioner can, within the prescribed period, apply to the High Court and the High Court can
direct the Appellate Tribunal to state the case and make a reference. It is unnecessary to refer to all the previsions of s. 66 except
to notice the power of the High Court to decide the question of law
which decision has to be implemented by the Appellate Tribunal.
Now Rule 24 cannot be said to be ultra vires sub-s. ( 8) of
s. 5A but what has to be essentially seen is whether it is repugnant to the provisions of s. 3 3 ( 4). The reasoning which prevailed
with the Special Bench of the High Court, in the present case, was
that under s. 33 ( 4) the Tribunal is bound to dispose of the appeal
on the merits, no matter whether the appellant is absent or not.
Reference in particular was made to the remedies, namely, the
provisions contained in s. 66 relating to reference on question of
law and the further right of appeal to this Court under s. 66A if
the case is certified to be fit one for appeal. The Special Bench
found it difficult to accept that by exercising the power to dismiss
an appeal for default of appearance under Rule 24, these remedies
which were open to an aggrieved party could be defeated or rendered infructuous. The fact that there was no provision in Rule
24 or any other Rule for restoring an appeal once it was dismissed
for default was also considered weighty in the matter. The cases
i':l which the vali~ity of Rule 24 has been upheld may now be considered.
In Shn Bhagwan Radha Kishen v. Commissioner
of
Income ~ax, U.P. ('.) the discussion on lhe question of validity of
the rule ts somewhat meagre. It was no doubt said that Rule 24
did not in any way come into conflict with s. 33 ( 4) but hardly
any reasons were given in respect of that view. It was recognised
that there w:is ~o specific rule empowering the Tribunal to restore
an appeal d1snussed for default of appearance but it was observed
that the Tribunal would have inherent jurisdiction to set aside
such an order if satisfied with regard to the tlxistence of a sufficient cause. According to Ravula Subba Rao & Ors. v. Commissioner of Income tax, Madras(') a very wide power was given to
(I) 22 l.T.R. 104.
(2) 27 1.T.R. IM.
824
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1969] 3 S.C.R.
the Appellate Tribunal by s. 33 ( 4) a11d it could pass any order
which the circumstances of the case ·" quired. It was immaterial
whether· the opportunity of being heard had been availed of by
the party ..ir not.
This provision, it was held, did not make it
obligatory for the Appellate Tribunal to dispose of the appeal on
merits. In this case again there was 1,,udly much discussion and
the Ail aha bad decision was simply fo !lowed.
In Mangat Ram
Kuthiala &. Ors. v. Commissioner of Income tax, Punjab('), the
points raised were different and arose in a petition filed
under
Arts. 226 and 227 of the Constitution. It does not appear that
the validity of Rule 24 was canvassed.
The scheme of the provisions of the Act relating to the Appellate Tribunal apparently is that it has to dispose of an appeal by
making such orders as it thinks fit on the merits. It follows from
the language of s. 33 ( 4) and in particular the use of the word
"thereon" that the Tribunal has to go into the correctness or otherwise of the points decided by the departmental authorities in the
light of the submissions made by the appellant.
This can only
be done by giving a, decision on the merits on questions of fact and
law and not by merely disposing of the appeal on the ground that
the party concerned has failed to appear. As observed in H ukumchand Mills Lid. v.
Commissioner of Income tax, Central
[Jombay(') the word "thereon" in s. 33 ( 4) restricts the jurisdiction of the Tribunal to the subject matter of the appeal and the
words "pass .such orders as the Tribunal thinks fit" include all the
powers (except possibly the power of enhancement) which are
conferred upon th.e Appellate Assistant Commissioner by s. 31 ·of
the Act. The provisions contained in s. 66 about making a reference on question of law to the High Court will be rendered
nugatory if any such power is attributed to the Appellate Tribunal
by which it can dismiss an appeal, which has otherwise been properly filed, for default without making any order thereon in ac~or
dance with s. 33 ( 4). The position becomes quite simple when
it is remembered that the assessee or the Commissioner of Income
tax, if aggrieved by the orders of the Appellate Tribunal, can have
resort only to the provisions of s. 66.
So far as the questions of
fact are concerned the decision of the Tribunal is final and reference can be sought to the High Court only on questions of Jaw.
The High Court execcises purely advisory jurisdiction and'has no
appellate or revisional powers.
The advisory jurisdiction can be
exercised on a proper reference being made and that cannot be
done unless the Tribunal itself has passed proper order under s.
33(4). It follows from all this that the Appellate Tribunal is
bound to give a proper decision on questions of fact as well as law
which can only be done if the appeal is disposed of on the merits
(1) J81.T.R. 1.
(2) 6'.\ 1.T.R. :!32.
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C.l.T. v. CHENNIAPPA (Grover, J.)
8 25
and not dismissed owing to the absence of the appellant. It was
laid down as far back as the year 195 3 by S. R. Das, J. (as he
then was) in Commissioner of Income tax, Madras v. Mtt. Ar. S.
Ar. Arunachalam Chettiar(') that the jurisdiction of the Tribunal
and of the High Court is conditional on there being an order by
the Appellate Tribunal which may be said to be one under s.
33 ( 4) and a question of law arising out of such an order. The
Special Bench, in the present case, while examining this aspect
quite appositely referred to the observations of Venkatarama
Aiyar, J. in Commissioner of Income tax, Bombay v. Scindia Steam
Navigation Co. Ltd. (2 ) indicating the necessity of the disposal oi
the appeal on .the merits by the Appellate Tribunal. This is how
the learned judge had put the matter in the form of interrogation :
"How can it be said that the Tribunal should seek
for advice on a question which it was not called upon
to consider and in respect of which it had no opportunity
of deciding whether the decision of the Court should be
sought. ?"
Thus looking at the substantive provisions of the Act there is no
escape from the conclusion that under s. 33 ( 4) the Appellate
Tribunal has to dispose of the appeal on the merits And cannot
short circuit the same by dismissing it for default o.f appearance.
Now although Rule 24 provides for dismissal of an appeal for
the failure of appellant to appear, the Rules at the material time
did not contain any provision for restoration of the appeal. Owing
to this difficulty some of the High Courts had tried to find an inherent power in the Tribunal to set aside the order of dismissal
Ivide Shri Bhagwan Ratfha Kishen v. Commissioner of Income
tax, U.P.(8 ) and Mangat Ram Kuthia/a & Ors. v. Commissioner
of Income tax, Punjab(')]. There is a conflict of opinion among
the High Courts whether there is any inherent power to restore an
appeal dismissed for default under the Civil Procedure
Code.
(Mulla, Civil Procedure Code. Vol. IT, pp. 1583, 1584). It is
unnecessary to resolve that conflict in the present case. It is true
that the Tribunal's powers in dealing with appeals are of the widest
amplitude and have, in some cases, been held similar to and
identical with the power of an appellate court under the Civil Procedure ,Code .. Assuming that for the aforesaid reasons the Appellate Tnbunal 1s competent to set aside an order dismissing an
apoeal for default in exercise of its inherent power there are serious
difficulties in upholding the validity of Rule 24. It clearly comes
into conflict with sub.-s. ( 4) of s. 33 and in the event of repuanancy between the substantive provisions of the Act and a rule it is
(I) 2J J.T.R. 180.
(2) 42 l.T.R. 589.
(3) 22 I.T.R. 104.
(4) 38 I.T.R. 1.
826
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1969] 3 S.C.R.
the rule which must give way to the provisions of the Act. We
would accordingly affirm the decision of the Special Bench of the
High Court and hold that the answer to the question which was
referred was rightly given in the affirmative.
The appeal fails and it is dismissed with costs.
R.K.P.S.
Appeal dismissed.
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