# Corporation of Calcutta v. Governors of St. Thomas Sch - **Citation:** [1973] 3 S.C.R. 541 - **Court:** Supreme Court of India - **Decided:** 1973-02-22 - **Bench:** S. M. Sikri, A. N. Ray, 0. G. Palekar, S. N. 0Wivedi, A. K. Mukherjea - **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/corporation-of-calcutta-v-governors-of-st-thomas-sch-5897 - **Pages:** 5 ## Headnote The Railways (Local Authorities Taxation) Act, 1941. Ss. 3 and 4--Scope of-Liabii!ity ·of Railway Administrc.:tion to pa,v nuuzicipa/ tox with respect to their buildings under s. 154, Goi•enunent o/ India :Act, 1935, and Art. 285 of the Constitution. Pursu-anl to s. 135 of the Indian Railways Act, 1890, the G,ovcrnor General in Council issued '3. notification dated 24 August, 1911. declaring that the administration of the East India!O' Rail"'!ay shall be liable to pay in aid of the funds of the local authorities s-et out in the Schedule thereto the taxes spec'ifie9, therein. Jn one of the local -aatho4 fities so set out, the railway administration constructed 32 blocks of buildings, sorne after 31 March 1937 and some after 25 Januarv 1950. The~e buildings were assessed to municipal tax by the responden~ with effect from the fourth quarter of 1965-66. The appellant con'.ended that there \Vas no liability to pay the municipal tax because of s. 154 of the Government of India Act, 1935, and Art. 285 of the Con-;titution. The High Court held that the notification issued by the Government in 1911 continued by virtue of s. 4 of the Railways (Lo::-al Aut~orities Taxation) Act, 1941, that t~ 1941-Act was a feder;il law, that the 1911 notification was not in respect of a.ny particular property, and that. therefore, the railway properties whether in existence before 1st J\pril, 1937, dr coming into existence thereafter, were liabl~ to pay the tr.xcs. Allowing the appeal to this Court, HELD : The High Court was ln error in construing that the notification iS&ued in 1911 under the 1890-Act confinued by virtue of s. 4 of the 1941-Act. r544G-HJ Under s. 154 of the 1935-Act all property vested in His Majesty for purposes of the Federation shall save in so fa'r as any Federat law may otherwise provide, be exempt from all taxes imposed by. or by oany authority within, a Province or a State. The proviso to the section states that until any Federal law other\vise provides ainy property so vested, which was immediately before the commencement of Part Ill of the 1935-Act liable to any such tax sha11, so long U:i that tax continues, continue to be liable. Article 285 of the Consiitution also provides that the property of the Union shall, save in s0 far a$ Par1iameiat may by law otherWise provide. be exempt from all taxes imposed by a State or by any authority within a State, and, cl. (2) of t!Jat Article states that nothing in cl. (1) shall, until Parliament by law er other\Vlse provides, prevent any authority in a State from levying any tax on any property of the Unio.n to which such property was 1n1mcc.iiatelv before "the commencement of the Constitution liable, so Jong as that tax continues to be levied in that State. (543B-FJ The 32 blocks of buildings were not in existence before 1 Aj*il, 1937, llil!d hence were not ves~ in His Maje.ty for purposes of the Federation. and were not liable to pay the municipal tax before that SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1973] 3 S.C.R. daflt. They were, theretore, exempt from all taxes imposed by any .+- authority within a Provine;, until a Fed"{al law otherwise provided; and could be made liable only if Parliament, by law, provided to ,that effect. Section 4 of the 1941-Act did not provide for payment Of taxes in respect of Railway property. Sectiqn 3 of the Act, however staks that a j'a'ilway administration shall be , liable to pay any tax in aid of the funds of any local authority if t~.e C~ntral government by notifica· tfon in the official gazctkc declares it to be so liable. But no such B notification declaring railway properties to be liable to pay any tax in aid of the funds of any local authority under s. 3 of the 1941-Act bas been issued. f544C-FJ Corporation of Calcutta v. Governors of St. Thomas School, CalcuttG:. [1949] F.C.R. 368, applied. CIVIL APPELIATE ~u&1smcnoN : Civil Appeals Nos. 2304 c and 2042 of 1968. Appeals by certificate from the judgments and orders dated 22nd September 1965 and 2nd July 1968 ## Text 541 A UNION OF INDIA OWNER OF THE EASTERN RAILWAY B c D E F G H v. THE COMMISSIONER OF SAHIBGANJ MUNICIPALITY February 22, 1973 (S. M. SIKRI, C.J., A. N. RAY, 0. G. PALEKAR, S. N. 0WIVEDI AND A. K. MUKHERJEA, JJ.] The Railways (Local Authorities Taxation) Act, 1941. Ss. 3 and 4--Scope of-Liabii!ity ·of Railway Administrc.:tion to pa,v nuuzicipa/ tox with respect to their buildings under s. 154, Goi•enunent o/ India :Act, 1935, and Art. 285 of the Constitution. Pursu-anl to s. 135 of the Indian Railways Act, 1890, the G,ovcrnor General in Council issued '3. notification dated 24 August, 1911. declaring that the administration of the East India!O' Rail"'!ay shall be liable to pay in aid of the funds of the local authorities s-et out in the Schedule thereto the taxes spec'ifie9, therein. Jn one of the local -aatho4 fities so set out, the railway administration constructed 32 blocks of buildings, sorne after 31 March 1937 and some after 25 Januarv 1950. The~e buildings were assessed to municipal tax by the responden~ with effect from the fourth quarter of 1965-66. The appellant con'.ended that there \Vas no liability to pay the municipal tax because of s. 154 of the Government of India Act, 1935, and Art. 285 of the Con-;titution. The High Court held that the notification issued by the Government in 1911 continued by virtue of s. 4 of the Railways (Lo::-al Aut~orities Taxation) Act, 1941, that t~ 1941-Act was a feder;il law, that the 1911 notification was not in respect of a.ny particular property, and that. therefore, the railway properties whether in existence before 1st J\pril, 1937, dr coming into existence thereafter, were liabl~ to pay the tr.xcs. Allowing the appeal to this Court, HELD : The High Court was ln error in construing that the notification iS&ued in 1911 under the 1890-Act confinued by virtue of s. 4 of the 1941-Act. r544G-HJ Under s. 154 of the 1935-Act all property vested in His Majesty for purposes of the Federation shall save in so fa'r as any Federat law may otherwise provide, be exempt from all taxes imposed by. or by oany authority within, a Province or a State. The proviso to the section states that until any Federal law other\vise provides ainy property so vested, which was immediately before the commencement of Part Ill of the 1935-Act liable to any such tax sha11, so long U:i that tax continues, continue to be liable. Article 285 of the Consiitution also provides that the property of the Union shall, save in s0 far a$ Par1iameiat may by law otherWise provide. be exempt from all taxes imposed by a State or by any authority within a State, and, cl. (2) of t!Jat Article states that nothing in cl. (1) shall, until Parliament by law er other\Vlse provides, prevent any authority in a State from levying any tax on any property of the Unio.n to which such property was 1n1mcc.iiatelv before "the commencement of the Constitution liable, so Jong as that tax continues to be levied in that State. (543B-FJ The 32 blocks of buildings were not in existence before 1 Aj*il, 1937, llil!d hence were not ves~ in His Maje.ty for purposes of the Federation. and were not liable to pay the municipal tax before that SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1973] 3 S.C.R. daflt. They were, theretore, exempt from all taxes imposed by any .+- authority within a Provine;, until a Fed"{al law otherwise provided; and could be made liable only if Parliament, by law, provided to ,that effect. Section 4 of the 1941-Act did not provide for payment Of taxes in respect of Railway property. Sectiqn 3 of the Act, however staks that a j'a'ilway administration shall be , liable to pay any tax in aid of the funds of any local authority if t~.e C~ntral government by notifica· tfon in the official gazctkc declares it to be so liable. But no such B notification declaring railway properties to be liable to pay any tax in aid of the funds of any local authority under s. 3 of the 1941-Act bas been issued. f544C-FJ Corporation of Calcutta v. Governors of St. Thomas School, CalcuttG:. [1949] F.C.R. 368, applied. CIVIL APPELIATE ~u&1smcnoN : Civil Appeals Nos. 2304 c and 2042 of 1968. Appeals by certificate from the judgments and orders dated 22nd September 1965 and 2nd July 1968 of the Patna High Court at Patna in C.W.J.C. Nos. 431 of 1962 and 344 of 1968. F. S. Nariman, Addl. Solicitor-General of India, B. D. Sharma and S. P. Nayar, for the appellant. M. C. Setalvad and D. Goburdhun, for the respondent The Judgment of the Court was deivered by RAY, J. The only question which falls for determination in. these two appeals by certificate is whether the respondent Municipality is entitled to levy and collect taxes on 31 blocks of buildings some constructed after 31 March, 1937 and some after 25 January, 1950. The buildings are situated within the municipal limits of the Sa_hibganj Municipality in the State of Bihar. Pursuant to section 135 of the Indian Railways Act, 1890 referred to as the 1890 Act, the Governor General in Council by a Railway Department, Railway Board notification No. 225 dated 24 August, 1911 declared that the administration of East India Railway shall be liable to pay in aid of the funds of the local authorities set out in the Schedule thereto annexed, the taxes specified in the second column thereof. In the Schedule the names of various local authorities are set out. Sahibganj is one such. In the second column the taxes are me_ntioned. In respect of Sahibganj Municipality the taxes specified are House rate and latrine fees. In 1961 the Sahibganj Municioality revised the valuation of the buildings and premises with effect from 1 April, 1961. The 32 blocks of buildings forming subject matter of these two apoeals were assessed with effect from the fourth quarter of 1965-66. ' D F' G H A il c D E F G ff UNION V. COMMR. SAHIBGANJ MUNICIPALITY (Ray, J.) 543· It is common ground that these 32 blocks of buildings and. premises were constructed sOlllle after 31 March, 1937 and some. after 25 January, 1950. The appellant contended that these 32 blocks of buildings could not be made liable to pay the municipal tax by virtue of the provisions contained in section 154 of the Government of India Act, 1935 and Article 285 of the Constitution. Part III of the Government of India Act, 1935 referred· to as the 1935 Act came into force on 1 April', 1937. Under section 154 of the 1935 Act all property vested in 'His Majesty' for purposes to the Federation s~all, save in so far as any Federal law may otherwise provide, be exempt from all taxes impos\!d by, or by any authority within, a Province or Federal State. The proviso to section 154 of the 1935 Act states that until any Federal law otherwise provides, any property so. vested which was immediately before the commencement of Part III of the 1935 Act liable or treated as liable, to any such tax shall, so long as that tax continues, continue to be liable, or to be treated as. liable, or to be treated as liable thereto. Articde 285 of the Constitution also provides that the pro-- perty of the Union shall, save in so far as Parliament may by law otherwise provide, be exempt frQm all taxes imposed by a State or by any authority within a State. Clause (2) of Article 285 states. tha~ nothing in clause (1) shall, until Parliament by law otherwise provides, prevent any authority within a State from levying· any tax on any property of the Union to which such property was immediately before the commencement of this Constitution liable or ireated as liable, so long as that tax continues to be levied in that State. The High Court held that the Railways Locat Authorities. Taxation) Act, 1941 referred to as the 1941 Act was a federal law and section 4 of the 1941 Act thereof rendered the buildings liable to taxation. The reasons given by the High Court werethese. The notification issued by the Government in 1911 under the :1890 Act continued by virtue of the provisions contained in section 4 of the 1941 Act. The 1911 notification was not in· respect of any particular property. Therefore the railway properties whether in existence before 1 April 1937 or coming into existence after that date were liable to pay taxes. Section 4 of the 1941 Act provided as follows .The Central Government may be notification revoke or vary any notification issued under clause (1) of section 135 of the 1890 Act. Wherea notification is so revoked any liability arising out of the notification to pay any tax to the legal authority shall cease. Where a 544 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1973] 3 S.C.R. notification is so varied the liability arising out of the notification A shall be varied accordingly. There was neither revocation nor variation of the aforesaid notification issued under section 135 of the 18 90 Act. The High Court overlooked the effect of section 3 of the 1941 Act. Section 3 provides that any railway property vested for purposes of the Central Government shall be liable to pay tax in aid of the funds of a local authority if the Central Government by notification declares it to be so liable. This section therefore requires a notification declaring liability to pay. The notification under the 1941 Act creates a liability for railway property coming into existence after the 1941 Act. But no such notification was issued. The 32 blocks of buildings were not in existence before 1 April, 1937. These 32 blocks of buildings were therefore not vested for purposes of the Government of the Federation before the commencement of Part III of the 1935 Act. These 32 blodks of buildings were thus exempt from all taxes imposed by. any authority within a province until a federal law otherwise provided. Section 4 of the 1941 Act did not provide for payment of taxea in respect of railway property. Section 3 of tire 1941 Act stated that a railway administration shall be liable to pay any tax in aid of the funds of any local authority if the Central Government by notification in the official gazette declares it to be so liable. It is an admitted feature in these appeals that there was no notification under section 3 of the 1941 Act declaring the railway properties to be liable to pay any tax in aid of the funds of any local authority. Under Article 285 of the Constitution property of the Union was exemvt from all taxes until Parliament by law otherwise provides. There is no such Jaw providing for taxation of rai!way 'Jlroperty. Clause (2) of Article 285 speaks of liability of railway pro- ·perty to pay taxes where such property was immediately before the commencement of the Constitution liable or treated as liable to pay any tax levied by any authority within a St