# Court. B. c. Patel &- Co. Appeal allowecl in part. MAHADAYAL PREMCHANDRA • v. C0;\1MEECIAL TAX OFFICEH,, CALCUTTA & ANOTHEH - **Citation:** [1959] 1 S.C.R. 551 - **Court:** Supreme Court of India - **Decided:** 1959 - **Bench:** S. R. DAS c. J, Bhagwati, s. K. DAS, J. L. Kapuu, VIVIAN BosE - **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/court-b-c-patel-co-appeal-allowecl-in-part-mahadayal-premchandra-v-c0-1meecial-1524 - **Pages:** 13 ## Headnote Sales Tax-Sales by Mills in Kanpur to customers in BengalAgent of Mills in Bengal receiving commission on sales, if a dealer within the definition and liable to sales tax-Turnover of agent, if can include price of goods sold by Mills-Bengal Finance (Sales Tax) Act, r94r (Ben. VI of r94r), s. 2(c). The appellants were commission agents in West Bengal for certain Mills in Kanpur. They were paid commission once at the end of each year on all the sales effected by the Mills in Vv'est Bengal. The orders were placed with the Mills either through the appellants or 'directly by the customers but goods were sttpplied to customers directly and payments were made through banks. The appellants, except for canvassing business for the Mills, did not take any part in the sale transactions. The Mills only maintained a personal account of the appellants in which the commission was credited. The Commercial Tax Officer was doubtful of the liability of the appellants to sales tax on these transactions and referred the matter to the Assistant Collector for opinion. The Assistant Collector, without giving the appellants any opportunity to be heard, expressed the opinion that the appell.ants were liable and directed the Commercial Tax Officer to do the needful. The latter, thereupon, assessed the appellants to tax holding them liable for all such sales. The appellants pre: ferred this appeal by special lea;e : • • S«rkar ]. April r5. Jl/flhudayal J>remchaud1 a v. C ounnercial Tax O.flicci, Calcutta 552 SUPH,EME COUH,T H,EPOJtTS [1959) Held, that t1ie appellants did not fall wi1bin the definition of "dealer" ins. 2(c) of the Bengal Finance (Sales Tax) Act, 194r, and consequently, were not liable to pay sales tax on the disputed transactions. Nor could the sale•price of the goods delivered by the Mills to the customers be included in the gross turnover of the appellants. Even though the appellants were commission agents of the ~!ills they had not, in the customary course of business, authority to sell goods belonging to the principals and as such explanation. (2) to s. 2(c) of.the Act did not apply. Explanation (3) to s. 2(c) \\'as al::.o inapplicable as it could not be said that the appellants carried on the business of selling goods in \Vest Bengal even though they were the agents of the Mills which resided out side West Bengal. The Mills were not ca1rying on any business of selling goods in \Vest Bengal; they \vere selling goods in l{anpur and despatching thetn to \Vest Bengal for consun1ption. As the appcllaHts did not at any time handle the goods of the disputccl transactions nor receive the price thereof, tlfe sa1e price could not be included in tltf' gross turnover of the appellants. .• The procedure adopted by Sales Tax authorities \Vas unfair ,.. and contrary to the principles of natural justice in tl1at it failed to afford the appellants any opportunity of being heard and the order of asscssn1cnt \\'as on that ground alone liable to be srt aside. C1nr, APPIDLLATE JuR1SDIGTIO:«: Civil Appeal No. 344 of 1957. A ppeltl by speeircmcha11dra v. BHAGWATI J.-This appeal with Special Leave is directed against the order dated January 15, 1955, passed by the Commercial Tax Officer, Canning Street (District I) Charge, Calcutta, assessing the appellants to sales-tax in respect of transactions valued at Rs. 6,21,369-10-3 and assessing sales-tax thereon a ## Text S.O.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 551 quarters ending on September 30, 1949 ·and December I958 31, 1949, is reversed and the orders of assessment of the Sales Tax authorities are restored. Parties to bear SalescTax Ok'ffic:;r, h ' ' l H' h C t 11 · th' ullac t en own costs 111 t ie ig our as we as 111 is v. Court. B. c. Patel &- Co. Appeal allowecl in part. MAHADAYAL PREMCHANDRA • v. C0;\1MEECIAL TAX OFFICEH,, CALCUTTA & ANOTHEH, (S. R. DAS c. J., BHAGWATI, s. K. DAS, J. L. KAPUU and VIVIAN BosE JJ.) Sales Tax-Sales by Mills in Kanpur to customers in BengalAgent of Mills in Bengal receiving commission on sales, if a dealer within the definition and liable to sales tax-Turnover of agent, if can include price of goods sold by Mills-Bengal Finance (Sales Tax) Act, r94r (Ben. VI of r94r), s. 2(c). The appellants were commission agents in West Bengal for certain Mills in Kanpur. They were paid commission once at the end of each year on all the sales effected by the Mills in Vv'est Bengal. The orders were placed with the Mills either through the appellants or 'directly by the customers but goods were sttpplied to customers directly and payments were made through banks. The appellants, except for canvassing business for the Mills, did not take any part in the sale transactions. The Mills only maintained a personal account of the appellants in which the commission was credited. The Commercial Tax Officer was doubtful of the liability of the appellants to sales tax on these transactions and referred the matter to the Assistant Collector for opinion. The Assistant Collector, without giving the appellants any opportunity to be heard, expressed the opinion that the appell.ants were liable and directed the Commercial Tax Officer to do the needful. The latter, thereupon, assessed the appellants to tax holding them liable for all such sales. The appellants pre: ferred this appeal by special lea;e : • • S«rkar ]. April r5. Jl/flhudayal J>remchaud1 a v. C ounnercial Tax O.flicci, Calcutta 552 SUPH,EME COUH,T H,EPOJtTS [1959) Held, that t1ie appellants did not fall wi1bin the definition of "dealer" ins. 2(c) of the Bengal Finance (Sales Tax) Act, 194r, and consequently, were not liable to pay sales tax on the disputed transactions. Nor could the sale•price of the goods delivered by the Mills to the customers be included in the gross turnover of the appellants. Even though the appellants were commission agents of the ~!ills they had not, in the customary course of business, authority to sell goods belonging to the principals and as such explanation. (2) to s. 2(c) of.the Act did not apply. Explanation (3) to s. 2(c) \\'as al::.o inapplicable as it could not be said that the appellants carried on the business of selling goods in \Vest Bengal even though they were the agents of the Mills which resided out side West Bengal. The Mills were not ca1rying on any business of selling goods in \Vest Bengal; they \vere selling goods in l{anpur and despatching thetn to \Vest Bengal for consun1ption. As the appcllaHts did not at any time handle the goods of the disputccl transactions nor receive the price thereof, tlfe sa1e price could not be included in tltf' gross turnover of the appellants. .• The procedure adopted by Sales Tax authorities \Vas unfair ,.. and contrary to the principles of natural justice in tl1at it failed to afford the appellants any opportunity of being heard and the order of asscssn1cnt \\'as on that ground alone liable to be srt aside. C1nr, APPIDLLATE JuR1SDIGTIO:«: Civil Appeal No. 344 of 1957. A ppeltl by speeircmcha11dra v. BHAGWATI J.-This appeal with Special Leave is directed against the order dated January 15, 1955, passed by the Commercial Tax Officer, Canning Street (District I) Charge, Calcutta, assessing the appellants to sales-tax in respect of transactions valued at Rs. 6,21,369-10-3 and assessing sales-tax thereon at !) pies in the rupee at Hs. 27,816, under the provision8 of the Bengal Finance (Sales-tax) Act (Ben. VI of 1941) hereinafter referred to as "the Act ". C0111merci.al Tax Ofjiccr, Calcutta The appellants ch Jndia Corpmation Ltd., Proprietor, The Kanpur \V oollen Mills, both at Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh, for the territory comprising West Bengal and AsRam and parts of Bihar and Orissa under the terms of an agrel'mcnt between themselves and their principals 1la.ted ,Ju no 2, IH52, supplemented b.Y a letter dated .July 7, UJ52, arldressecl to them by the principals. The a.ppdlnnts ;tre dnly registered as "dcalcrn" in \~~ e::;t Bengal under the provisions of the Act with respect to their ;tforesnid bw;iness of wholesale and retail distribntion or sale of goocl8 and their certifi('ate of Registration is numbered 0. ti. 1/ 1630A. On or about Decemher 15, 1932, the appellants submitted to the 1st respondent their return for sales-tax in the prescribed fonn for the return period ending Drmali 2009 Samlmt. corresponding to October 17, HJ52 (i.e., for the year 1951-52). The gross turnover in the said return wa;; c:ifam I • Bhagwati ]. 554 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1959] '958 Dhansiram of Calcutta, an unregistered dealer, it came MahadaJ·al to the notice of the Assistant Commissioner, (C.S.) that Prem,handm the said dealer had purchased woollen goods worth v. Hs. 59,530-13 during the period from November 20, Coa1me»,;a1 Tax 1952, to December 18, 1952, from M/s. British India Offim, Calrnlla Corporation Ltd., Kanpur 'Woollen Mills Branch. Bhagwali ]. Invoices, copies of which were enclosed therewith, hp,d been drawn by the British India Corporation Ltd., for Kanpur Woollen Mills from Kanpur and the goods in question were reported to have been despatched to M/s. Khubiram Dhansiram from Kanpur. Orders Nos. quoted in the invoices were the Nos.-of orders placed to Kanpur Woollen Mills by their sole agents in Vil est Bengal, the appellants herein, and the Assistant Commissioner (C.S.) was of the opinion that under Explanation 2 of s. 2(g) of the Act, the sales of K~npur Woollen Mills from Kanpur as referred to above should be deemed to have taken place in West Bengal and under.Explanation 3 of s. 2(c) of the Act the appellants should be deemed to be tlie dealer in West Bengal on account of the sales of Kanpur Vi' oollen Mills and as such were liable to pay the tax at that end. The Assistant Commissioner (C.S.), therefore, asked the first respondent by his letter dated January 21, 1953, to verify as to whether the appellants had accounted for those transactions in their books of account and had paid the taxes due by them. On February 3, 1953, the first respondent issued a notice under ss. 11 and 14(1) of the Act stating that ho was not satisfied that the return filed by the appellants ror the year ending October 17, 1952, was correct and complete and asked the appellants to produce before him their books of account.· The representatives of the appellants had an interview with th~ first respondent on the said date and on February Hi, 1953, the appellants submitted to the Jirst respondent a statement in connection with their agency transactim18 with the Kanpur \Voollen Mills, Ka111mr which showed that there were three ty1Jes of .transactions entered into by them as selling agents of the Mills, viz., • (l) The appellants booked orders on behalf of and • ' . , S.C..R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS imbjcct to acceptance by the Mills and were entitled to get commission on the va,lue of the invoices made out in the name of the party who placed the order, such invoices with other customary documents being sent direct to the parties by the Mills through their Bankers. (2) Orders were placed direct by the parties re:!ident in the territories in which the appellants wern selling agents and the goods were supplied directly by the Mills to those parties. There also the appellants were entitled to their commission. (:3) The goods were ordered and invoiced in, the name of the appellants and dealt with by them as dealers either in wholesale or retail. The appellants would be entitled to commission on the invoice value of th~ goods. In regard to the two former categories, the appellants did not come in the picture except for their commission and consequently no entry was made in their books of account for the value of those goods. As to the last category the value of the invoice was accounted for in their books of account to the debit of goods account and the sale proceeds were credited as and when the goods were sold by the appellants. The appellants contended that it was only in respect of the goods of the last category that they were "dealer" within the meaning of that term as defined in the Act and they were therefore liable to pay sales tax only in regard to the same . This letter was endorsed by the first respondent on March 6, 1953, as under: " Copy forwarded to A. C. (Central Section) fo.r information with reference to his memo. No. 385;3It40/52 dated 21st January 1953 and soliciting further instructions in the matter." After completing the examination of the books of account produced by the appellants, the First respondent made an entry in the Order-Sheet dated .lVIay 26, 1953, asking that the following further details may be sent to the Assist. Commissioner (C. S.) to elicit his opini"n in the matter: "The dealer appeared with books of account on· January 21, 1953. On examination it was found that • • Mahadayal Prentc!tandra v. Conimercial Ta:r Officer, Calcietta Bhagwati ]. llf ah11dayal Premcha11dra , .. 55G SUPREME COURT REPORTS [19:39] the dealer made entries onlv of commission received from Messrn. Kanpur W oolle1{ Mills, Kanpur for goods supplied to his customers in West Bengal from Kanpur. C0111nzercial Ta."¥ Officer, Calcutta In this connection I may point out that the dealer i,rn commission agent of the .Kanpur Woollen J\'1ills for the State of West Bengal earning a commission 011 all Bhagwati ] . sales of goods effected by the Mills within the tcnitorial limits n,ssigned to the dealer. Jn most cases ihe deale1· ·secures orders from parties and forwards the same to the Kanpur Mills who supply the goods to the respective parties direct, a percentage of commission on the value of the goods so supplied being credited to the dealer. 'L'he goods being delivered in \-Vest Bengal for consumption, no doubt satisfy the requirements of the Explanation to clause (1) of Article 281:i of the Constitution of India. It is, therefore, conceded tha'.t the ~n,le took place in vVest Bengal. But the fad remains that the seller in such circumstances would obvioushbe the Kanpur Mills and not the dcnJer. 'L'he privity of contract is resting with the l(,~rnpur Mills on the one hand and the pnrclmRer on the other. The position of the Kanpur Mills is that of a named and disclosed principal. In view of the above observations, I feel that the dealer incurs no liability under the B. P. (S. T.) Act of 1941 in respect of the goods supplied to his customers in \-Vest Bengal direct from Kanpur by Messrs. Kanpur vVoollen Mills." This memorandum was submitted bv the first respondent to the Assistant Commissione"i: (C. S.) for bis opinion. On August 29, 1953, the Assistant Commissioner (C. S.) made a note that the first respondent should not have made a direct reference to him. He recorded his opinion .that the appellants were n,ccountable for all sales in respect of which the goods were delivered in \-Vest Bengal and thn,t they were commission agents who received commission on all Ralcs made in vVcst Bengal by the Kanpur \-Voo!len Mills, Kanpur and being the commission agents of the Kanpur NJ.ill~ were ·accountable for the transactions. He, therefore, ordered the first respondent to do the needful. The . . • , r r • s.c.n. first respondent made an entry in the order sheet 011 September 2, l9:J3, stating that action was being taken accordingly. He also ordered the appellants to appear with books of account for further examination, and to produce their Agency Contract ·with Kanpur Mills and }1 list of the dealern in Calcutta who received goods direct from Kanpur. On ~ ovember 21, l!J32, the representative of the appellants submitted a statement to the first respondent clarifying the whole position. It was pointed out that the :ippellants acted as agents of l\I/s. Lalimli Mills of Kanpur and got a commission once at the Pnd of every year on all the sales pffected by the Mills in the State of W eRt Bengal. The orders were placed directly bv thP customers of the Mills with the Mills; the Mills executed the ordors and consigned the goods direct to those customers; recording the Raid eustomen; as the eorniign0es ; the said customers 1wgoti11ted bills through the hanks, clt-~ar0d the goods from the carriers and sold them as they liked. The Mills onl v maintained a personal account of the ltppellants i;l which the commission at the encl of a vcar was credited. The }lills never debited the ap1~ellants with the vnlne of the goods; neither did the appellants credit the Mills with the value of the goods nor debited their goods account. At no stage of these transactiorn; was the property in the goods either transferred to or acquired by the appellants, and nobody could transfer any g0ods which he did not acquire or possess. Besides, the accounts of the said customers of the Mills did not indicate any transactions nt all with the:~ appellants in the State of West Bengal. It was therefore submitted that the appellants could not be deemed or held in law or in fact to be the dealer qua those sales in West Bengal much less liable to pt9y any sales tax on those sales. It was also pointed out that the appellants had earned the nrnximum commission of 2·4% which was less than even the sales tax which worked out to about 4·2% and this could never have been iiitended by the law· On June 19, 1954, the representative of the appel. lants submitted a further statement to the fii:at • MaJurdayal Premcha11dra \'. Cn1n-mercial Ta."( Ofjicer. Calcutta Bhagwal'i ]. 55S SUPREME COURT R:E)PORTS [1959] 1958 respondent. He pointed out that at.no stage whatever did the appellants have physical possession or . p~,:;;::;.;:. control over the goods in question and also drew t.he v. attention of the first respondent to several sales tax Com•ner~ial Tax cases in support of the position taken up by the Offi"'· ca1cu11a appellants. He' also repeated that all through the appellants had been· working as mere commission Bhagwati J. agents at 2·4% for the transactions effected by tkem between their principals on'the one hand and different "customers on the other. Now, the department wanted to levy tax at 4•2%' on the total transactions, which meant an addition of l '8% from their own pocket to 1the total commission earned which he felt could never be the intention of the law. On August 12, 1954, the· first respondent recorded a 'note. wherein he stated that on the materials placed .. before him he was doubtful whether the appellants could be considered as the sole agent of Mh. Kanpur :Woollen Mills as per provision of Explanation 3 of s. 2 ( c) of the Act. 1 He requested the Assistant Commissioner (C. S.) to reconsider;the matter in the context of the facts mentioned and give his " valued opinion " . . . On September 23, 1954, the then Assistant Commissioner (C. S.) wrote that his predecessor had already advised the . first respondent on this matter and if. the appellants. were aggrieved they might . pre.fer a reg1;1lar revjsion m appeal petition before the competent authority as provided under the law. The first respondent made an entry on September 30, 1954, stating that he had seen the notes and that action • was being taken accordingly. . .. · The first respondent ultimately on January 15, 1955, ·.made the . assessment order. assessing these disputed '.transactions to sales. tax on' the following ground:- · "On inspection of the books of account,. I found that the dealer was a comn1issi6n agent of the Cawnpore Woollen Mills for the State of Vilest Bengal 'earning commission on all sales made in West Bengal by the Cawnpore Woollen Mills, Cawnpore. Though '·the principal is at Cawnpore, the dealer, befog the c.ommission ·agent of the Cawnpore Woollen Mills, is defini~ely 1jiCC9~μt11-ble fo!;' ~he tr1His1,1,c.tions or eii.lei?, . . . • , r /. ' S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 559 within the State of West Bengal. The dealer denied this liability on various grounds, vide his letters dated 21st November, 1953 and 19th June, 1954, which appear to be not at all satisfactory. I hold the dealer liable for all such sales, made by M/s. Cawnpore, Woollen Mills, Cawnpore, in West Bengal. The statemoot of such sales filed by the dealer shows that sales of such nature, effected in West Bengal amounts to Rs. 6,21,369-10-3 which were found to have not been entered in books of account. As such, I now include this amount in G. T. and add the same to Balance A. So G. T. is finally assessed at Rs. 13,146,255-8-4." The appellants obtained Special Leave from this Court under Art. 136 of the Constitution to appeal against this order of the first respondent. From the detailed narration of the facts regarding this particular asseRsment it is quite clear that the first respondent did not exercise his own judgment in the matter of the asBessnrnnt in question. Evon though he was convinced to the contrary, he asked for the instructions of the AsBistant CommiBsioner (C. S.) and followed the same and aBsesBed the appellants to sales-tax in respect of the disputed transactions. The order which he ultimately paBsed on January 15, 1955, further Bhowcd that he was merely voicing the opinion of the Assisfont Commissioner (C.S.) without any conviction of his own and the only thing he had to say in regard to the various grounds mentioned in the letters dated November 21, 1953, and June 19, 1954, waB that they appeared to him to be "not at alf satisfactory". This ~was hardly a satisfactory way of dealing with the matter. If the Ai;siBtant Commissioner (C. S.) had been dealing with the same he could have by all means given in the assessment ord"er which he made his reasons for doing so and theBe reasons would have been open to scrutiny in further proceedings taken by the appellants either by way of appeal or otherwise. The Assistant Commissioner (C. S.) however, had delegated this work of assessment to the first respondent and then it was the duty of the first re:>pondent to make tho assei:;sment ocder giving lri~ Ma!tadayal Prenichandra v. C01nmercial Tax Officer, Calcutta Bhagwati ]. Mahadayal J1remchuudra v. Coinniercial Tox Officer. Calcutla Bha_gwati ]. u60 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1959] own reasons for doing so. The file of the assessee, however, shows that even though the ht respondent was satisfied on the materials placed by the appellants and their representative before him that the appellants were not liable to pay sales-tax in regard to these transactions, he referred the matter first for instructions and then for obtaining the " valued opinion ·: of his superior, the Assistant Commissioner (C. S.) and the latter expressed his opinion that the appellants were liable in respect of these transactions. All this was done behind the back of the appellants and the appellants had no opportunity of meeting the point of view which had been adopted by the Assistant Commissioner (C. S.) and the first respondent quietly followed these instructions and ad vice of the Assistant Commissioner (C. S.) • "' e are really surprised at the manner in which the first respondent dealt ·with the matter of this assessment. It is clear that he did not exercise his own judgment in the matter and faithfully followed the instructions conveyed to him by the Assistant Commissioner (C. S.) without giving the appellants an opportunity to meet the points urged against them. The whole procedure 'rns contrary to the principles of natural justice. The procedure adopted was, to ,say the least, unfai~ and was calculated to undermine the confidence of the public in the impartial and fair .administration of the sales-tax Department concerned. Vl7e would, have, simply on this ground, set aside the assessment order made by the first respondent and ·.remanded the matter back to him for his due consideration in accordance with law; but as the matter is old and a remand would lead to unnecessary harassment of the appellants, we have preferred to deal with the appeal on merits. The determination of this appeal turns on the construction of the definitions of the terms " dealer " and " Turnover " given in s. 2 of the Act, the relevant portions of which run as under: Section 2 :-In this Act, unless there is an.ything repugnant in the subject or context, • ( c) " /)P,a(~r ;• mci\>ns ft.ny person who ca.rrie~ 011 tho • ' r " \ S.C.R. SUPl~El\iE COURT REPORTS 561 business of selling goods in the State of West Bengal and includes the Government ................................ . Explanation 2: A factor, a broker, a commission agent, a del credere agent, an auctioneer or any other mercantile agent, by whatever name called, and whether of the same description as hereinbefore mentioned or not, who carries on the business of selling goods and who has, iu the customary c!burse of business, authority to sell goods belonging to principals is a dealer; E:rplanation 3: The manager or an agent in West Bengal of a dealer who resides outside West Bengal mid carries on the business of selling goods in West Bengal shall, in n•spect of such business, be deemed to be 1t dealer. ....................................................... . (it "Tirrnorer" : used in relation to any period means the aggregate of the ;;ale-prices or parts of salcprice.g reeei ~·11ble, or if a de1tler so ekct, actually reeeived by the dealer during such pm·iod after deducting the amounts, if any, refunded by the de;iler in resvect of an.v goods returned by the purchaser within such period." It may be noted that under s. 4 of the. Act every dealer ·whose gross turnover during the year immediately preceding the.commencement of the Aot exoeeded the taxable qniiutum was liable to pay tax under the Act on all sales dfocted after the date so notified; and under s. 5 the tax payf the Assistii,nt Commi~~ioner (C, f?,) w&& there. w.e i;wto~bl,~. . /· ., I ,~ S.C.R. A more formidable difficulty, however, faces the first respondent and it is that the sale price of the goods thus delivered by the Mills to the respective customers in West Bengal could not be included in the gross turnover of the appellants. The goods in question were directly supplied by the Mills to the customers, whether they were supplied in pursuance of the °'-'ders placed by the appellants with the Mills or were supplied in pursuance of orders directly placed by the customers with them. The invoices were all made out in the names of the customers and the relevant documents were negotiated by the Mills with the customers through the Banks. The customers released those documents from the Banks on payment of the relevant drafts and the sale price of the goods was thu~ received by the Mills through those Banks. At no time whatever was there -any handling of the goods or the receipt of the sale price thereof by the appellants in regard to the goods in question and under those circumstances the sale price thereof could not be included in the gross turnover of the appellants. If that was the true position, the appellants were not liable to sales-tax in respect of the disputed transactions, even though, perchance, they could be included within the expanded definition of "Dealer " in the Explanation 3 to s. 2(c) of the Act-a contention which we have already negatived. It, therefore, follows that in regard to the disputed transactions which were of the total value of Rs. 6,21,369-10-3, the appellants were not at all liable to pay sales tax thereupon and the first respond~nt was clearly in error in assessing the same to sales-tax. The appeal will accordingly be allowed and the assessment order made by the first respondent on January 15, 1955, will be set aside. The sales-tax of Rs. 27,816 assessed by the first respoi1dent on the appellants, if paid, will be refunded and the appellants will get from the first respondent the costs of this appeal as also the costs incurred by them in contesting the proceedings before the first respondent. Appeal allowecl, • • r958 Mahaday11l Premchandra v. Co1!1111erci(ll Ta.~ Officer, Calculla Bhagwati ].