# DELHI CLOTH & GENERAL MILLS LTD v. SHAMBHU NATH MUKHERJEE & ORS - **Citation:** [1978] 1 S.C.R. 591 - **Court:** Supreme Court of India - **Decided:** 1977-10-03 - **Bench:** P. K. Goswami, P. N. Shinghal, Jaswant Singh - **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/delhi-cloth-general-mills-ltd-v-shambhu-nath-mukherjee-ors-7298 - **Pages:** 6 ## Headnote Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, s. 2-A-Vires questioned in writ petition1¥hether statement of facts in support of legal ground dispensable-S. 2(00), whether includes striking off name of worktnan from the rolls by manage1nent without compliance with provisions of s. 25F(a) and (b)-Section 10, Hhether violates Art. 14 of the Constitution of India 1 • Shri Mukherjee was a Motion-setter employed by the appellants. _His post ¥las abolished and he was given the job of a trainee on probation for the post of A B Assistant Line-Fixer (Assistant Grade I). The management found him unsuitC able for the job ,even after extending his probation period upto nine n1onths, and offered him the post of a fitter on the same pay which he had received as a lvlotion-setter. The letter stated that unless he accepted the offer v.1ithin two days of r'ecciving it, his rejection of the Same would be presumed and he could then be retrenched. Shri Mukherjee wrote to the management to give him another chance to show his efficiency in his job, but instead of replying to him. the management struck off his name from the rolls, without complying with the provisions of s. 2'5F(a) and (b) of the Industrial Disputes Act. A dispute between the parties led to a reference to the Labour Court which resulted in an D award in favour of Shri Mukherjee. The management's writ petition was rejected first by the Single Judge and then by the Division Bench of the l{igh Court in appeal. Dismissing the appeal by Certificate, the Court, HELD : ( 1) Merely questioning the vi res of s. 2-A in the writ application does not dispense with the requirement of stating facts in order to support the legal ground. If the ground was taken by making the appropriate aJlegation that the dispute relating to the termination of service of the workn1an was not espoused by the union, it would have been necessary for the Labour Court to call for a report from the Administration, and it would have been passible. for the workman to sho"'· that his case was, in fact, espoused by a substantial number of workmen or by a Union. [594 B-CJ (2) No order, even under s. 27(c) of the Standing Orders car1 be; passed against the workman who is not absent for "more than eight consecutive days.'' Striking off his name from the rolls by the management, is termination of hii service and such termination of service is retrenchment within the meaning of s. 2(00) of the Act. Any order of retrenchment, in violation of the mandator}' provisions of s. 25F(a), the proviso apart. and (b), is invalid. [595 H, 596 A. G-DJ (3) The law has been laid down by this Court holding that s. 10 of the Act doei not violate Art. 14 of the Constitution. [595 EJ Nif'11?/a Textile Finishint: Mill.~ Ltd. v. The 2nd PtJnjab Industrial Tribunal [1957] SCR 335, applied. O:VIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1903 of 1970. From the Judgment and Order dated 20-2-1970 of the Delhi High Court in L. P. A. No. 66 of 1969. E F G Rameshwar Dial, Adarsl1 Dial and A. D. Mathur for the AppellH ant. For Respondent No. l (In person) S92 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1978] I s.c.R. A ## Text - - ' 591 DELHI CLOTH & GENERAL MILLS LTD. v. SHAMBHU NATH MUKHERJEE & ORS. October 3, 1977 [P. K. GOSWAMI, P. N. SHINGHAL AND JASWANT SINGH, JJ.] Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, s. 2-A-Vires questioned in writ petition1¥hether statement of facts in support of legal ground dispensable-S. 2(00), whether includes striking off name of worktnan from the rolls by manage1nent without compliance with provisions of s. 25F(a) and (b)-Section 10, Hhether violates Art. 14 of the Constitution of India 1 • Shri Mukherjee was a Motion-setter employed by the appellants. _His post ¥las abolished and he was given the job of a trainee on probation for the post of A B Assistant Line-Fixer (Assistant Grade I). The management found him unsuitC able for the job ,even after extending his probation period upto nine n1onths, and offered him the post of a fitter on the same pay which he had received as a lvlotion-setter. The letter stated that unless he accepted the offer v.1ithin two days of r'ecciving it, his rejection of the Same would be presumed and he could then be retrenched. Shri Mukherjee wrote to the management to give him another chance to show his efficiency in his job, but instead of replying to him. the management struck off his name from the rolls, without complying with the provisions of s. 2'5F(a) and (b) of the Industrial Disputes Act. A dispute between the parties led to a reference to the Labour Court which resulted in an D award in favour of Shri Mukherjee. The management's writ petition was rejected first by the Single Judge and then by the Division Bench of the l{igh Court in appeal. Dismissing the appeal by Certificate, the Court, HELD : ( 1) Merely questioning the vi res of s. 2-A in the writ application does not dispense with the requirement of stating facts in order to support the legal ground. If the ground was taken by making the appropriate aJlegation that the dispute relating to the termination of service of the workn1an was not espoused by the union, it would have been necessary for the Labour Court to call for a report from the Administration, and it would have been passible. for the workman to sho"'· that his case was, in fact, espoused by a substantial number of workmen or by a Union. [594 B-CJ (2) No order, even under s. 27(c) of the Standing Orders car1 be; passed against the workman who is not absent for "more than eight consecutive days.'' Striking off his name from the rolls by the management, is termination of hii service and such termination of service is retrenchment within the meaning of s. 2(00) of the Act. Any order of retrenchment, in violation of the mandator}' provisions of s. 25F(a), the proviso apart. and (b), is invalid. [595 H, 596 A. G-DJ (3) The law has been laid down by this Court holding that s. 10 of the Act doei not violate Art. 14 of the Constitution. [595 EJ Nif'11?/a Textile Finishint: Mill.~ Ltd. v. The 2nd PtJnjab Industrial Tribunal [1957] SCR 335, applied. O:VIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1903 of 1970. From the Judgment and Order dated 20-2-1970 of the Delhi High Court in L. P. A. No. 66 of 1969. E F G Rameshwar Dial, Adarsl1 Dial and A. D. Mathur for the AppellH ant. For Respondent No. l (In person) S92 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1978] I s.c.R. A The Judgment of the Court was delivered by B GOSWAMI, J.-Th's is a fight between a Goliath and a dwarf in an Industrial orena. The workman, who is the respondent before us, was "automatically struck off the rolls" by the management { appellant) on August 24, 1965. The management has been persistently fighting him for the last twelve years having lost before the Labour Court, the single Judge of the Delhi High Court and lastly before the Division Bench of the High Court until the matter has landed in this Court on certificate. The facts may briefly be stated The workman was recruited as a labourer in the Store in 1951. After about six months he was promoted as a Fitter-Helper and after C about one and a half years he was promoted to the post of MotionSetter till 1964. On October 1, 1964, there was sonie reorganisation in the management's establishment and the post of Motion-Setter • was abolished. Ordinarily, therefore, the workman would hitve been retrenched, but, in terms of a settlement between the management and the representatives of the workmen, no employee was retrenched. On the other hand, the management agreed to offer work "on any D other suitable post." It is in that way ~hat the management offered to the workman the job of a trainee on probation for the post of Assistant Line-Fixer (Assistant Grade 1~ without Joss of wages. The management found him unsuitable for this post even after extending the period of probation upto nine months and, therefore, offered him the post of a fitter on the same pay which he as a Motion-Setter used to get. This offer was made by the management by a Jetter of July E 31, 1965, which closed with the following paragraph : "In case you agree to the above proposal, then your acceptance should reach my office within two days of the receipt' of this letter otherwise it will be presumed that the above proposal is not acceptable to you and as a consequence you can be retrenched from the service of the Mills". F The workman was on leave and this Jetter was received by him on Angust 11, 1965. It is common ground that he worked as a Trainee (Assistant Grade 1) upto August 14, 1965. August 15 being a public holiday, on 16th August, 1965, the workman wrote to the management to give him a further chance to show his efficiency in G H his job and if he failed to, 'mprove he would voluntarily tender his resignation. The workman closed his letter as follows : "So, I hope that you will be kind to inform me without delay regarding the order served on me because I am a displaced person of East Pakistan and unable to stay more without any job. . Hope to get an early reply at the address given above." The management did not reply to this Jetter and the workman also did not report to the mana~ement It appears from the Jetter written by the management to the workman on January 19, 1966 that- - \- I< ... \ D. c. M. \'. s. N. MUKHERJEE (Goswami, !.) 593 "your name has been automatically struck off the rolls A under the provisions of the Standing Orders with effect from 24-8-65, for continued absence without any intimation". This is the only reply which the workman got from the management to his letter dated 16th August. 1965. It is surprising that the management did not immediately send a reply to the workman informing its inability to agree to his proposal in which case the only alternative B with-the 1nanagcment \Vas to retrench his service. If this were done on receipt ot the workman's letter of 16th August, 1965, the management could have been spared this tortuous and expensive litigation which may not affect the management but has caused immense ha~dship to the workman. It is a trite saving that one stich at a time saves nine and the management could have avoided all this dispute hy writing a two-line letter by offering the appropriate compensation under c section 25F of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (briefly the Act). Thus a dispute arose which lc.d to conciliation. and then to the Reference which resulted in an award in favour ol the workman on December 2 l. 1967, reinstating him in service with full back wages. The Labour Court, however, made it clear that "if the management wants to revert or retrench him it should do so in accordance with the rules and regulations applicable to his case after taking proper proceedings according to rules'". Even this reasonable order of the Labour Court was not palatable to the management. The management therefore preferred an application under Article 226 of the Constitution before the High Court and the learned single Judge rejected the same. A further appeal to the Division Bench met with the same fate resulting in this appeal by certificate. Before the Labour Court an objection was taken questioning the Reference and the following i~suc was framed :- "Whether the dispute is an industrial dispute and the refcr.:nce is bad" ? D E The Labour Court answered the issue against the management holding F as follows :- "Under the newly added section 2A of the Industrial Disputes Act, any dispute regarding.discharge, dismissal, retrenchment or termination of services of even an individual workman amounts to an industrial dispute. I am therefore unable to accept the argument of the management that the dispute referred to this Court cannot be treated as an industrial dispute because it relates to an individual workman". It is clear from the above that no objection was taken by the management to the effect that the case of the workman had not been espoused by other workmen or by any union. It is precisely hy raising this factual question that a new point with regard to vires of section 2A of the Industrial Disputes Act has been presented before this Court for the first time. It is true that in the grounds taken in the B:igh Court it was stated "that section 2A of the Industrial Disputes Act is ultra-vires the powers of the Legislature under Item 22 G " I ' -- 594 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1978] 1 s.c.R. A List Ill to Schedule Vll of the Constitution al India", but this objection can only be, as is now made clear by the appellant, on the basis that the dispute relating to the workman had not been espoused by other workmen or by a union. A perusal of the Reference under section lO(l)(c) docs not ex-facie show that it was a Reference of an individual disputes under sccfo_n 2A. That being the position, if the appellant wanted to raise this question before the Labour Court B it was necessary for it to raise a triable issue by stating the facts that the dispute relating to the termination of service of the workman was not espoused by the union. Merely taking a ground in the writ application docs not dispense with the requirement of stating facts in order td support the legal ground. If the ground were taken by making appropriate allegations it would have been necessary for the Labour Court to call for a report from the Administration and it would have c been possible for the workman to show that his case was in fact espoused by a substantial number of workmen or by a uuion. D E F G H From the judgment of the learned single Judge it does not appear that this question of the vires of section 2A had been urged before him. It was only urged that section 2A was invalid since it offendecl Article 14 of the Constitution. Another objection was taken before the learned single Judge "that there .>ould be no reference in respect of the industrial dispute under section 2A which was placed on the Statute Book after the termination of the employment of the workman in this case". The appellant has not pressed this point urged before the learned single Judge but has addressed us on Article 14 of the Constitution. Before the Division Bench the objection under Article 14 was repeated but the question of section 2A being ultra vires because of legislative inrnmpetency was not urged. It may l;>e that the point was not specifically argued because of a Full Bench decision of the Delhi High Court but that does not satisfy the basic factual requirement for the objection that it was actually a case of an individual dispute under section 2A, unespoused by the union, which was referred by the Administration under section 10(1) (c) of the Act. We have to state the above facts in some detail as the appellant on the second day of the argument submitted before us that since he was raising the vires of section 2A on the ground of legislative incompetency the appeal had to be heard by a Bench of seven Judges under Article 144A which was introduced by the 42nd Amendment of the Constitution. Before this constitutional question could be raised it must be manifest on the records that the question arose on the facts disclosed. As we have pointed out, there was no allegation by stating appropriate facts that the dispute of the workmen had not be.en espoused by the union or by a substantial number of workmen. There is nothing to .show on the face of the Reference that the Administration was conside1ing the case on the basis of section 2A of the Act. Even though recital of section 2A was not there in the Reference, it was open to the management to raise the issue before the Labour Court as to whether in fact it was a dispute which was referred, by the Administration merely on the application ' D. c. M. v. s. N. MUKHERJEE (Goswami,!.) 59 5 of the workman. On the other hand, we find that the Reference was made by the Lieutenant Governor under section lO(l)(c) read with section 12(5) of the Act. There is nothing to show that even before the Conciliation Officer any objection was taken by the management that it was not an industrial dispute within the meaning of section 2\k) of the Act. Nothing prevented the management from raising such an issue even before the Conciliation Officer. We are, therefore, clearly of opinion that this is not a case where litigation can be allowed to be dragged on by allowing the management to raise this question for the first time in this Court without any basis. We, therefore, decline to accede to the request that this is at all a fit appeal for reference to a Bench of seven Judges. There is no basis for considering the provision of section 2A in this appeal. With regard to the objection on the score of Article 14 of the Constitution, it is sufficient to state that the matter is concluded by the principle laid down by this Court in Niem/a Textile Finishing Mills Ltd. v. The 2nd Pu~1jab Industrial Tribunal('). In that case a challenge was made, inter alia, to section 10 of the Act as being invalid on the ground of .violation of Article 14 of the Constitution. In an exhaustive judgment, ,this Court, repelled the contention. It is submitted by Mr. Dial that in that decision this Court was only required to consider the objection raised on the score of Article 14 on a ground which is different from the one he would like to take before us. We are, however, unable to accept this submission. If A B c J) this Court held section 10 as intra vires and repelled the objection under Article 14 of the Constitution it would not be permissible to E raise the question agaiu by submitting that a new ground could be" raised to sustain the objection. It is certainly easy to discover fresh grounds of attack to sustain the same objection, but that cannot be permitted once the law has been laid down by this Court holding that section 10 of the Act does not violate Article 14 of the Constitution. Th•e ratio decidendi of Niemla Textile Finishing Mills (supra) will apply while dealing with the objection under Article 14 of the Coru;titution in respect of the present reference under section 10(1) (c) of th•e Act. The submission of the learned counsel is, therefore, devoid of substance. The question then arises whether the High Court was right in refusing to interfere with the award under Article 226 of the Constitution. There is no manifest error of law on the face of the award and none could be pointed out by the learned counsel. Neither is there any error of jurisdiction. The issue before the Labour Court was one of reinstatement of the workman and the Labour Court was entitled to go into the whole question which it did. We do not find any infirmity in the award. F G On the face of it, the order striking off the name of tl1e workman from the rolls on August 24, 1965, is clearly erroneous. No H order, even under section 27(c) of the Standing Orders, could have (l) [1957] SCR 335. 59 6 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [ 19781 1 s.c.R. A been passed on that date. The clause in the Standing Orders reads as follows :- B c D "If any workman absents for more than eight consecutive days his services shall be terminated and shall be treated having left the service without notice". The workman last attended work on, 14th August, 1965. 15th August was a public holiday. He was, therefore, absent from work only from -16th of August. So even under the Standing Orders the \.VorkJnan \vas not absent for "more than eight consecutive days'' on 24th August, 1965. The order is, therefore, clearly untenable even on the basis of the Standing Orders. It is not necessary to express any opinion in this appeal whether "eight consecutive days" in the Stand.ing Orders mean eight consecutive \Vorking days. Striking of the name of the workman from the rolls by the management is termination of his service. Such termination of service il: retrenchment within the meaning of section 2(00) of the Act. There is nothing to show that the provisions of section 25F (a) and (b) were complied with by the management in this case. The provisions of section 25F (a), the proviso apart. and (b) arc mandatory and any order of retrenchment, it\ violation of these two peremptory conditions precedent, is invalid. We