# Ghanskyam Das v. Regional Assistant Commissioner of Sales

- **Citation:** [1968] 2 S.C.R. 431
- **Court:** Supreme Court of India
- **Decided:** 1967-11-24
- **Case number:** Civil Appeal No. 770 of 1966
- **Bench:** J. C. Shah. V. Ramaswami, V. BllARGAVA
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/ghanskyam-das-v-regional-assistant-commissioner-of-sales-4218
- **Pages:** 8

## Headnote

Madhya Bharat Sales Tax Act (30 of 1950), ss.
8(2)
and !{}-
Returns filed by registered dealer-Notice under s. 8(2)
after 3 years
from year· of assessment-Assessment if barred.
The . re~Pondent was a registered dealer.
For the four quarters of
1958-59, it submitted returns of turnover from it' inter-State sale
transactions.
Though the proceedings relate to levy of Central sales tax
lhe tax; was liable to be assessed and recovered in the present case. under
the Madhya Bharat Sales Tax Act,
19'50.
The
Assessing
Authority
i•sucd a notice on September 17, 1962 under s. 8(2) of the Act, calling
upon 1he respondent to show cause why the transactions should not be
taxed ar the full rate.
The respondent then filed a writ petition in the
High Court contending that since the assessment was not completed with·
in three years from the last day of the year of assessment as prCY\ided
hv s. !O of the Act. the Authority had no power to continue the proceeding.
The High Court allowed the petition.
In appeal to this Court,
HELD :
Where a dealer has not filed the prescribed return of his
lumover at an, it would be a case of 'escaped assessment' and the pro..
ceeding for assessment must be conunenced in respect of that turnover
within the period of three years prescribed by s. 10.
Similarly, if a
proceeding for assessment was completed and it was then found that
any turnover had escaped assessment the proceeding for bringing to tax
that turnover must be commenced within three years next succeeding the
year to which the tax relates.
But, where a return has been filed by the
dealer under s. 7, as in the present case, the proceeding for assessment
commences and remains pending until it is determined by a final order
of assessment.
Therefore, a notice under s. 8(2) is only a step in the
proceedin~ for completing the assessment.
Since the Act contains no
provision that the proceeding shall be completed within any fixed period,
the Assessing 1\uthority is entitled to complete the proceeding without
any restriction as to time and the bar of s. 10 is not attracted to· the
proccedinf?'. [435 D-G; 437 HJ
Ghanskyam Das v. Regional Assistant Commissioner of Sales
Tax.
11964] 4 S.C.R. 436, explained and followed.
Mah.,,·o Vanaspati & Chemical Co. Ltd. v. The ReRional AssistGnt Commissioner of Sales Tax Indore, Misc. Petition No. 356 of ·1963
(High
C'our1 of M.P.) overruled.
Firm Ju,;Fnohandas Vijayakumar Y. Addi. Assistant Co1nmissioner oj
Sales Tax, Indore. :>.foe. Petition No. 37 of 1963 (High Col!rt of M.P.)
:efcrred to.
432
SUPREME COURT llEPORTS
[1968] 2 S.CR
Ov1L API•ELLATF. JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 770 of
1966.
Appeal by special leave from the judgment and order dated
March 31, 1 964 of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in Misc.
Pelition No. 355 of 1963.
l.N. Shro[/. for the appellant.
A. K. Sen, G. M. Chaphekar, H. K. Puri and K. L. Arora. for
the respondent.

## Text

A
REGIONAL ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF SALES TAX,
INDORE
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v.
MALWA VANASPATI & CHEMICAL COMPANY LTD.
November 24, 1967
[J. C. SHAH. V. RAMASWAMI AND V. BllARGAVA, JJ.]
Madhya Bharat Sales Tax Act (30 of 1950), ss.
8(2)
and !{}-
Returns filed by registered dealer-Notice under s. 8(2)
after 3 years
from year· of assessment-Assessment if barred.
The . re~Pondent was a registered dealer.
For the four quarters of
1958-59, it submitted returns of turnover from it' inter-State sale
transactions.
Though the proceedings relate to levy of Central sales tax
lhe tax; was liable to be assessed and recovered in the present case. under
the Madhya Bharat Sales Tax Act,
19'50.
The
Assessing
Authority
i•sucd a notice on September 17, 1962 under s. 8(2) of the Act, calling
upon 1he respondent to show cause why the transactions should not be
taxed ar the full rate.
The respondent then filed a writ petition in the
High Court contending that since the assessment was not completed with·
in three years from the last day of the year of assessment as prCY\ided
hv s. !O of the Act. the Authority had no power to continue the proceeding.
The High Court allowed the petition.
In appeal to this Court,
HELD :
Where a dealer has not filed the prescribed return of his
lumover at an, it would be a case of 'escaped assessment' and the pro..
ceeding for assessment must be conunenced in respect of that turnover
within the period of three years prescribed by s. 10.
Similarly, if a
proceeding for assessment was completed and it was then found that
any turnover had escaped assessment the proceeding for bringing to tax
that turnover must be commenced within three years next succeeding the
year to which the tax relates.
But, where a return has been filed by the
dealer under s. 7, as in the present case, the proceeding for assessment
commences and remains pending until it is determined by a final order
of assessment.
Therefore, a notice under s. 8(2) is only a step in the
proceedin~ for completing the assessment.
Since the Act contains no
provision that the proceeding shall be completed within any fixed period,
the Assessing 1\uthority is entitled to complete the proceeding without
any restriction as to time and the bar of s. 10 is not attracted to· the
proccedinf?'. [435 D-G; 437 HJ
Ghanskyam Das v. Regional Assistant Commissioner of Sales
Tax.
11964] 4 S.C.R. 436, explained and followed.
Mah.,,·o Vanaspati & Chemical Co. Ltd. v. The ReRional AssistGnt Commissioner of Sales Tax Indore, Misc. Petition No. 356 of ·1963
(High
C'our1 of M.P.) overruled.
Firm Ju,;Fnohandas Vijayakumar Y. Addi. Assistant Co1nmissioner oj
Sales Tax, Indore. :>.foe. Petition No. 37 of 1963 (High Col!rt of M.P.)
:efcrred to.
432
SUPREME COURT llEPORTS
[1968] 2 S.CR
Ov1L API•ELLATF. JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 770 of
1966.
Appeal by special leave from the judgment and order dated
March 31, 1 964 of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in Misc.
Pelition No. 355 of 1963.
l.N. Shro[/. for the appellant.
A. K. Sen, G. M. Chaphekar, H. K. Puri and K. L. Arora. for
the respondent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Shah, J.
The Malwa Vanaspati & Chemical Company Ltd.-
hereafter called 'the respondent'-is a public limited company
which carries on the business of manufacturing and selling hydrogenated oil and is registered as a dealer under the Madhya Bharat
Sales Tax Act, 1950, and also under the Central Sales Tax Act.
1956. For the four quarters of 1958-59 the respondent submitted
returns of turnover from its inter-State sale transactions.
The
Madhya Bharat Sales Tax Act, 1950, was repealed with effect
from April I, 1959 by the Mac!hya Pradesh General Sales Tax
Act 2 of 1959. but it is common ground that assessment in this
ca~e is go\'erncd by the provisions of the Madhya Bharat Sales
Tax Act, 1950.
After certain infructuous attempts made to tax the turnover
of the respondent under Act 2 of 1959, the Additional Assistant
Commi~sioner of Sales Tax, Indore Region, by notice dated
September 17, 1962, called upon the respondent to show cause
why the transactions included in the taxable turnover of the respondent be not taxed at the full rate. The respondent then presented a petition under Art. 226 of the Constitution in the High
Court of Madhya Pradesh for an order quashing the proceeding
for assessment, contending, inter alia, that since the assessment
was not completed within three years from the last day of the
year of assessment as provided by s. I 0 of the !\fadhya Bharat
Sales Tax Act. 1950, the Sales Tax Officer had no power to contiime the proceeding. Following their judgment in Malwa Vanaspati & Chemical Co. Ltd. v. The Regional Assistant Commi.uioner
of Sales Tax, Indore('), the High Court quashed the proceeding
for assessment and directed the appellant to forbear from proceeding with the assessment.
With speeial leave, the appellant has
appealed to this Court.
Thesr proceedings relate to the levy of sales tax under the
Central Sales Tax Act 74 of 19~6 but by virtue of s. 9 of that
Act, CenfTal sales tax is liable to be assessed and recover..d . in
(I) Misc. Petilioo No. l56 of 196l.
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ASST. COMMR. v. MALWA CO. (Shah,/.)
433
the manner provided by the law of the State from which the movement of the goods comniences.
The relevant provisions of the
Madhya Bharat Sales Tax Act, 1950, may first be read :
"s. 7 ( 1) Every dealer liable to pay tax shall furnish
returns of his turnover for the prescribed periods in the ·
prescribed form, in the prescribed manner and within
the prescribed time, to such an authority as may be
prescribed .
(2)
(3)
s. 8 (1 )(a) Assessment of taxable turnover
and
determination of tax due for any year, shall be made
after the returns for all the periods of that year have
become due :
·
1 Provided
(b) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause
(a) if any dealer fails to ·submit a return under section
7 ( 1 ) for the prescribed period within -the prescribed
time, the assessing authority shall, after making such
enquiry as he considers necessary and after giving the
dealer a reasonable opportunity cif being heard determine the turnover of the dealer for the said period to
the best of his judgment and assess the tax on the basis
thereof.
This assessment subject to the provisions of
section 10 and to such orders as may be passed in appeal
or revision, shall be final for the period.
Provided
( c) If the assessing authority, after such enquiry, as
he considers necessary, is satisfied that the returns furnished by a dealer are correct and complete he shall
assess the tax on the bas~ thereof.
( 2) If the assessing authority is not satisfied without
requiring the presence of the person who made the
returns or the production of evidence that the returns
are correct and complete, he shall serve on such person
a notice requiring on a date and place to be therein
specified-
(i) to appear in person, or by an agent duly
. authorised in writing; or
(ii) to produce or cause to be produced, any evidence on which such person may rely, in support of the
· · returns; or
·
-
434
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1968] 2 S.C.R·
(iii) to produce or cause to be produced such
accounts or documents pertaining
to
the
assessment year and to three years preceding as the assessing
authority may require.
\3) On the day specified in the notice under subsection (2) or as soon afterwards as may be the assessing authority after hearing such evidence as ~ch person
may p:oduce and such other evidence as the assessing
authority may require on specified points, shall, by an
order in writing, assess the taxable turnover and determine the tax payable on basis of such assessment.
( 4) If a dealer-
( a) having furnished returns fails to comply with
all the terms of a notice issued
under
sul>-
section ( 2) ; or
( b) has not regularly employed any method of
accounting, or, if the method employed is such
that, in the opinion of the assessing authority,
assessment cannot properly be made on the basis
thereof,
the assessing authority shall assess the dealer to the best
of his judgment and determine the tax payable on the
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basis of such assessment.
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(5)
s. 10 If for any reason the whole or any part of the
turnover of business of a dealer has escaped assessment
to the tax, or if the licence fee, registration fee or exemption fee has escaped levy or has been assessed at too
low a rate in any year, the assessing authority at any
time within a period of three years next succeeding that
to which the tax or the licence. fee, registration fee or the
exemption fee relates, assess the tax payable on the turnover which has escaped assessment or levy the correct
amount of licence fee, registration fee or exemption fee,
after issuing a notice to the dealer and after making
such enquiry as he considers necessary."
The High Court quashed the proceeding for assessment on
the ground that the sales tax authority is not competent to issue
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a notice under sul>-s. (2) of s. 8 after expiry of three years prescribed by s. 10. In their view, if a proceeding for assessment of
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tax under the Madhya Bharat Sales Tax Act, 1950, is not completed within three years from the last day of the year of assessment, the turnover is deemed to have escaped assessment to tax
. .
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ASST. COMMR. v. MALWA CO. (Shah, J.)
435
within the meaning of s. 10, and no step may after the expiry of
the period be taken under sub-s. ( 2) of s. 8 to bring the turnover to tax. In so holding the High Court followed their judgment in Malwa Vanaspati & Chemical Co's case(') which, in its
turn, was .Pased upon the judgment of the same Court in Firm Jagmohandas Vijaykumar v. The Additional Assistant Commissioner
of Sales-tax, Indore Region, lndore( 2 ). It may at once .be
observed that it was not brought to the notice of the High Court
that in Firm Jagmohandas Vijaykumar's case( 2 ) no returns at all
had been filed, and the case was clearly one in which the turnover of the dealer had escaped assessment.
It may be recalled
that re!urns for all the four quarters had been filed by the respondent, and the respondent had even paid the advance tax
according to the Rules.
In Firm Jagmohandas Vijaykumar's
case (2) the High Court. observed that the period of limitation
prescribed by s. 10 should be imported into s. 8 ·and that since
the assessment under s. 8 ( 1) (b) had to be made within three
years from the end of the year of assessment and if that "was not
done it could not be done at all".
There is no doubt that where the dealer has not filed the
prescribed return of his turnover, the case
is clearly one of
.. escaped assessment," and the proceeding for assessment must
corrunence in respect of that turnover within the period prescribed
by s. l 0.
Where however a return is filed by a dealer under s. 7,
E
;i proceeding for assessment commences, and a notice under
sub-s. (2} of s. 8 is a step in the proceeding for completing the
assessment. The Act contains no provision that the proceeding
.shall be completed within any fixed period : the assessing authority is therefore entitled to complete the proceeding properly
commenced without any restriction as to time. If a proceeding
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for assessment is completed, anc:l it is found that any turnover has
escaped assessment, the proceeding for bringing to tax that turnover must be ccmmenced within three years next s.ucceeding the
year 10 which the tax relates. Since in the present case the proceeding for assessment had already commenced when the respondent filed the return, that proceeding could be completed by
the assessing authority at any time, and the issu.e of a notice under
sub-s. (2) of s. 8 does not, in our judgment, attract the bar of
s. 10 of the Madhya Bharat Sales Tax Act, 1950.
But counsel for the respondent contended that this Court in
Ghanshyam Das v. Regional Assistant Commr. of Sales Tax(')
in interpreting the provisions of the C.P. & Berar Sales Tax Act,
1947, of which the scheme is substantially the same as that of
the Madhya Bharat Sales Tax Act, 1950, has taken a different
(I} Misc. Petition No. 356of1963.
(2) Misc. Petition No. 37of1963.
(3) (1964] 4 S.C.R. 436.
436
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[ 1968] 2 s.c.R.
view.
According to counsel in Ghanshyam Das's case(') it was
held that every step taken for the purpose of bringing the' turnover which has escaped a~sessment to tax must be taken within
the period prescribed under the Act for conunencing the proceeding for bringing to tax turnover which has escaped assessment
and therdore a notice issued under sub-s. (2) of s. 11 of the
C.P. & Derar Sales Tax Act more than three years after the last
day of the year of assessment is unauthorised, and no further proceeding for assessment may thereafter be had even in respect of
the return duly submitted by the dealer.
In our view the contention is wholly misconceived.
In Ghanshyam Das's case( 1)
the Coun was dealing with a proceeding for assessment under the
C.P. & Berar Sales Tax Act, 194 7, the relevant provisions whereof
relating to assessment and re-assessment are similar to, but not
identical wirh, the provisions of the Madhya Bharat Sales Tax
Act, 1950.
This Coun held in that case that a proceeding for
assessment vi sales tax remains pending from the time when it
is initiated until it is determined by a final order of assessment,
and the turnover or any part thereof of a dealer has not escaped
assessmen: so long as the assessment proceeding is not completed;
that a proceeding of assessment commences against a registered
dealer when he files his return, and against an unregistered dealer
when the .Commissioner calls upon him to file the return of his
turno»er: and that where the registered dealer ha~ not filed a
return the proceeding commences when the Commissioner issues
a notice either under s. 10(3) or under s. 11 (4) of the C.P. &
Berar Sales Tax Act. and not till then.
Under s. 11-A of the
C.P. & Berar Sales Tax Act, 1947, the Commissioner is entitled
to re-assess or assess the turnover within three ·years from the
expiry cf the period for which the tax i9 due and the turnover
has either escaped assessment or has lx-.en under-assessed.
This
Coun in Ghamhyam Das's case(') in dealing with the case of a
register~d dealer under the C.P. & Berar Sales Tax Act, 1947,
decided that the Sales Tax Authority had no jurisdiction to issue
a notice of assessment after the expiry of three years in respect
of the quarter other than that covered by the return mac\e by the
dealer. or in respect of the quarters beyond three years from the
date of the is.,ue of the notice where no return had been filed by
the dealer. TI1ere is nothing in the judgment in Ghanshyam Da.s's
cnse(') which suppons the view that if the dealer has made a
return of his turnover, the assessing authority is incompetent to
proceed to assess the turnover by issuing a notice calling upon
the dealer to produce evidence to explain or support' !he return,
after the expiry of the period prescribed under s. 11-A of the C.P.
& Berar Sales Tax Act.
(I) (1964] 4 S.C.R. 436.
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ASST. COMM~. v. MALWA CO. (Shah, /.)
437
•·
The following observation on which .counsel relied :
"It is manifest that in the case of a registered dealer
the proceedings before the Commissioner starts factually when a return is made or when a notice is issued to
him either under s. 10(3) or under s. l_l (2) of the
Act"
is the result of a typographical error. Section 10(3) of the C.P.
& Berar Sales Tax Act in so far as it relates to a registered dealer
authorises the Commissioner to. impose a penalty upon the dealer
who has failed to furnish a return as required bys. 10(1). Section 11 (2) of that Act authorises the Commissioner to call upon
a dealer registered or unregistered, by notice to appear in person
or by agent, and to produce evidence in support of his return.
Section i l ( 4) authorises the Commissioner after giving notice
to a registered dealer to record a "best judgment" assessment, if
the dealer has failed to submit a return, or having filed a return
has failed to comply with a notice under · s. 11 (2) or has not
regularly employed any method of accounting or the method of
accounting is such that assessment cannot properly be made on
the basis thereof.
Reading ss. 10(1), 10(3) and 11(2) and
11 ( 4) of the C.P. & Berar Sales Tax Act together, it is clear
that against a registered dealer the proceeding for assessment
commences when he submits a return, and if he d0es not submit
a return the proceeding for assessment commences when a notice
under s. lO ( 3) or under s. 11 ( 4) is issued.
In our view, the
words "s. 10(3) or under s. 11 (2)" in the judgment in Ghanshyam
Das's case(') should have been "s. 10(3) or under s. 11(4)(a)".
This is made clear i.n the earlier paragraph where Subba Rao, J.,
observed:
"Even in a case where no return .has been made, but
the Commissioner initiated proceedings by issuing a relevant notice either under s. 10 ( 3) or under s. 11 ( 4),
the proceedings will be pending thereafter before the
Commissioner till the final assessment i~ made."
There is nothing in the judgment in Ghanshyam Das's case(')
which supports the contention that a proceeding already commenced by the filing of a return by a registered dealer under
s. 10 ( l) commences afresh when a notice under s. 11 (2) of
the C.P. & Berar Sales Tax Act, 1947, is issued.
The notice
under s. 11 (2) is only a step in the proceeding for a'Ssessment
and does not disturb the continuity of the proceeding.
Therefore when the Sales Tax Officer issued a notice against the respon ·
dent under s. 8 (2) of the Madhya Bharat Sales Tax Act, 1950,
(t) [1964] 4 S.C.R. 436.
<
438
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
(1968] 2 S.C.R.
a fresh proceeding to assess turnover which has escaped assessment wus not commenced, and s. I 0 of the Act was not attracted
thereto.
The order pass~ by the High Court is therefore set aside.
The appeal is allowed.
The petition filed by tht respondent is
dismissed with costs in this Court and in the High Court.
V.P.S.
Appeal allowed.
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