# HIDAYATULLAH v. BHARGAVA - **Citation:** [1967] 2 S.C.R. 401 - **Court:** Supreme Court of India - **Decided:** 1966-12-14 - **Case number:** Criminal Misc. Petition No. 1621 of 1966 - **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/hidayatullah-v-bhargava-3978 - **Pages:** 5 ## Headnote A II c 0 E F G SYED KHAWAJA MOINUDDIN '" GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AND 3 ORS. December 14, 1966 and January 18, 1967 [M. HIDAYATULLAH, V. BHARGAVA AND G. K. MITTER, JJ.] 401 ('itizenship Rules, 1956, Schedule 111, para 3-When detailed enquiry 011 the acquisi;/011 of foreign citizenship necessary. The appellant who was born in India left for Pakistan in 1951 at the age of 13. He stayed there till 1955, when he came to India as a Pakistani citizen with a Pakistani passport. In 1963, he was deported to Pakistan. Jn 1964, he again came to India with a Pakistani passport. In order to determine his nationality for the purpose of deporting him, the Govcrnrnent of India issued notice to him to n1ake representations, if .any. 'fhc appellant mac!> two representations, and though in both of them he ucged that he had not voluntarily acquired the citizenship· of Pakistan, he did not raise any plea, at any stage, that he had not voluntarily obtained the passport on the two occasions he came to India, or, that he was compelled to apply for Pakistani passports. There was no plea that he tried to obtain a permit for ten1porary stay when going to Pakistan. nor was there any suggestion that he tried to obtain a repatriation certificate which he couh.J. have obtained if he had retained his Indian citizenship. The Governn1ent of India considered the representations and passed an ardor that he had ,-oluntariJy acquired Paki~tani citizenship, under s. 9(2) of the Citizen~hip Act, 1955. HELD: The o'der did not suffer from any infirmity. On the representations made by the appellant the Government was not called upon to make any detailed enquiry, when the provisions of para 3 of Schedule lil of the Citizenship Rules, namely, that the authority must regard obtaining of a foreign. passport on a particular date as conclusive proof that the Indian citizen had voluntarily acquired the citizenship of another country hefore that date, were clearly applicable. It was only \Vhen a plea was raised that a citizen had not voluntarily obtained the passnort that he should he afforded an opportunity to prove that fact. [404 F-H] f..,folid. Ayub Khan V. C'on11nissiofl£'( of Police, Madras, rt965] 2. S.C.R. 884, referred to. ## Text A II c 0 E F G SYED KHAWAJA MOINUDDIN '" GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AND 3 ORS. December 14, 1966 and January 18, 1967 [M. HIDAYATULLAH, V. BHARGAVA AND G. K. MITTER, JJ.] 401 ('itizenship Rules, 1956, Schedule 111, para 3-When detailed enquiry 011 the acquisi;/011 of foreign citizenship necessary. The appellant who was born in India left for Pakistan in 1951 at the age of 13. He stayed there till 1955, when he came to India as a Pakistani citizen with a Pakistani passport. In 1963, he was deported to Pakistan. Jn 1964, he again came to India with a Pakistani passport. In order to determine his nationality for the purpose of deporting him, the Govcrnrnent of India issued notice to him to n1ake representations, if .any. 'fhc appellant mac!> two representations, and though in both of them he ucged that he had not voluntarily acquired the citizenship· of Pakistan, he did not raise any plea, at any stage, that he had not voluntarily obtained the passport on the two occasions he came to India, or, that he was compelled to apply for Pakistani passports. There was no plea that he tried to obtain a permit for ten1porary stay when going to Pakistan. nor was there any suggestion that he tried to obtain a repatriation certificate which he couh.J. have obtained if he had retained his Indian citizenship. The Governn1ent of India considered the representations and passed an ardor that he had ,-oluntariJy acquired Paki~tani citizenship, under s. 9(2) of the Citizen~hip Act, 1955. HELD: The o'der did not suffer from any infirmity. On the representations made by the appellant the Government was not called upon to make any detailed enquiry, when the provisions of para 3 of Schedule lil of the Citizenship Rules, namely, that the authority must regard obtaining of a foreign. passport on a particular date as conclusive proof that the Indian citizen had voluntarily acquired the citizenship of another country hefore that date, were clearly applicable. It was only \Vhen a plea was raised that a citizen had not voluntarily obtained the passnort that he should he afforded an opportunity to prove that fact. [404 F-H] f..,folid. Ayub Khan V. C'on11nissiofl£'( of Police, Madras, rt965] 2. S.C.R. 884, referred to. CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No· 237 of 1966. Appeal by special leave from the judgment and order dated October 7, 1966 of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in Criminal Misc. Petition No. 1621 of 1966. Yerramilli Satyanarayana and K. R. Sharma, for the appelH !ant. B. Sen and R. N. Sachthe)', for respondent No. I. T. V. R. Tatachari, for respondents Nos. 2--4. MI Su:,,CI/67 ---12 SUPREME COURT REPO&TS [ 1967] 2 S.C.R. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by Bharga»a, .I. In this appeal, by special lea,·e, we have already passed lhe order on 14th December, 1966, and we now indicate our reasons for that order. The appellant was born on April 6, 1938, at Suryapet in Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, and was educated and brought up there until the year 1951. His father died in 1947. After the partition of India and the enforcement of the Constitution, the appellant, in August 1951, left for Pakistan where he stayed until 1955. In 1955, he returned to India on a passport obtained from the Pakistan Government as a Pakistani citizen with a visa from the Indian Government. Even after the expiry of the visa, he continued to stay in India, but in August, 1963, he was deported to Pakistan. He came again to India with a passport dated 4th December, 1963 issued by the Pakistan Government with a visa from the Indian High Commission dated 20th January, 1964. He arrived in India on 5th February, 1964. Subsequently, the question of deportation of the appellant by the. Indian Government arose. and thereupon, the appellant filed a petition under Art. 226 of the Constitution challenging the order of deportation made hy the Government of India. The petition was allowed hy the High Court of Andhra Pradesh and the order of deportation was quashed on the ground that there had been nc determination that the appellant had acquired Pakistani citizenship under s. 9 of the Citizenship Act by the Indian Government. Thereafter, the Government took up the question of determinin_; the nationality of the appellant, and a notice was issued to the appellant on 19th March, 1965 through the Government of Andhra Pradesh asking the appellant, within one month from the date of the service of the notice on him, to submit to the Government of Andhra Pradesh for onward transmission to consideration of the Central Government any representation that the appellant might wish to make. The appellant made two representations. The later of the two representations \vas sent by him in the month of May, 1965. The Government of India, on 18th August, 1965, issued an order holding that the appellant had voluntarily acquired the citizenship of Pakistan. The appellant challenged this order by another petition under Art. 226 of the Constitution before the l-!igh Court of Andhra Pradesh, and that petition was dismissed by lhe order now under appeal before us. It was not disputed, as it could not he disputed in this case, that the Government of India was competent under s. 9(2) of the Citizenship Act, 1955 to determine whether the appellant had acquired the citizenship of Pakistan. Admittedly, the appellant had gone tc Pakistan in August 1951 after the enforcement of the Constitution. The question whether he had migrated with the A ll c D E ~· G H A B c D E F G H S, K. MOlNUDDIN \'. GOVT. OF INDIA (Bhargava, ]. ) 403 intention of voluntarily acquiring the citizenship of Pakistan and had actually acquired such citizenship could, therefore, be determined by the Government of India alone under s. 9(2) of the Citizenship Act. The order dated 18th August, 1965 passed by the Government of India, shows that, before giving its decision, the Government considered the cause shown by the appellant and gave due regard to the principles of evidence contained in Schedule Ill of the Citizenship Rules, 1956 in accordance with Rule 30 thereof. This order has been challenged on behalf of the appellant on the ground that the appellant was not given an adequate opportunity of putting forward his case before the Government of India gave its decision on 18th August, 1965 holding that the appellant had ·voluntarily acquired the citizenship of Pakistan. It was urged that the Government of India should have held an enquiry before arriving at this decision, and for this proposition reliance is placed on the decision of this Court in Mohd. Ayub Khan v. Commissioner of Police, Madi"as and Another('). It was held in that case that : "The question as to whether when and how foreign citizenship has been acquired has to be determined having regard to the rules of evidence prescribed, and termination of Indian citizenship being the consequence of voluntary acquisition of foreign citizenship, the· authority has also to determine that such latter citizenship has been voluntarily acquired. Determination of the question postulates an approach as in a quasi-judicial enquiry; the citizen concerned must be given due notice of the nature of the action which in the view of the authority involves termination of Indian citizenship, and reasonable opportunity must be afforded to the citizen to convince the authority that what is alleged against him is not true. What the scope and extent of the enquiry to be made by the authority on a plea raised by the citizen concerned should be, depends upon the circumstances of each case." Proceeding further, the Court considered the circumstances which have to be taken into account in applying the provisions of paragraph 3 of Schedule III of the Citizenship Rules which raises a conclusive presumption that a citizen of India, who has. obtained a passport from a foreign country on any date, has before that date voluntarily acquired citizenship of that country. 1t was held that "by the application of the rule in paragraph 3, the authority must regard obtaining of a foreign passport on a (1) [1965] 2 S.C.R. 884. 404 St;PREME COURT REPORTS [1967[ 3 S.C.R. parlicular date as conclusive proof that the Indian citizen ha' voluntarily acquired citizenship of another wuntry before th:it date. But obtaining of a passport of a foreign country cannot in ail cases merely mean receiving the passport. If a pica is raised hy the citizen that he had not voluntarily obtained the pa,,porl, the citizen must be afforded an opportunity to prove that fact." Relying on these views of this Court, it was urged on behalf of the appclian: that, in this case, the appellant should have be~n given 'Ill opportunity by the Government of India to p1 ovc that he had not voluntarily obtained th.~ passport from the Pakistan Gov- ~rnment which was the basis of the decision of the Government of India dated 18th August, 1965 against the appellant. We. however. find that. on the facts of the present case. there was no occasion for the Governmen: of India to enter into any s'uch ~nquiry. · As we have mentioned carl"-:r, the appellant made two r~resentations to the Government of India. Though, in both tho$~ representations, he urged that he had not voluntari!y acquired the citizenship of Pakistan, he did not at any stage raise any plea that he had not voluntarily acquir.~ the passpor