# _,,I; •• SHAMBU NATH GOYAL v. BANK OF BARODA, JULLUNDUR

- **Citation:** [1978] 2 S.C.R. 793
- **Court:** Supreme Court of India
- **Decided:** 1978-02-02
- **Bench:** V. R. Krishna Iyer, D. A. Desai
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/i-shambu-nath-goyal-v-bank-of-baroda-jullundur-7428
- **Pages:** 5

## Headnote

793
Industrial Disputes Act 1947-Sec. 2(k)-Sec. 10-Before ll.ll industrial dispute is referred whether ll. written donand by the worlanan is csse11tialExistence of industrial dispute.
The appellant was a clerk in the Bank of Baroda. A charge sheet was
served upon him.
After holding departme~1tal enquiry he \Vlls dismissed from
service. An appeal filed by the workman against the dismissal was dismissed.
Thereafter, the matter was referred to conciliation. On failure of conciliation,
the Government referred the\ dispute to the Industrial Tribunal u•nder section
10 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The respondent raised a preliminary
objection before the Tribunal that as no demand in respect of the at?pellant was
made upon the management there was no industrial dispute in existence and,
therefore, the' reference made by the Government ut..1der section 10 wa:s incompetent. The Tribunal upheJdr the said preliminary objection on the ground
· that as no demand was nlade by the Government either oral or in '.vriting before approaching the conciliation officer there was no dispute in existence on
the date of the' reference.
Allowing the appeal,
HELD : 1.
Section 2(k) of the Act defines industrial dispute which requires that there should be a dispute connected with Jhe employment or nonemploymen.:t or terms of employment inter alia betv.:een the employers .and
\vorkmen.
The Act nowhere contemplates that the U1spule- 'vould come into
existence in any particular specific or prescribed manner. For coming into
existence of an industrial dispute a. written demand is not ,\ine qua 11011,
[795 B-C]
Beetliam v. Trinidaa Cement Ltd., [1960] I All E.R. 244 at 249, referred
w.
A
B
c
D
E
2. The key words in the defiuition of Industrial dispute are dispute or
difference.
The term industrial dispute connotes a real and substantial difference having some element of persistency and continuity till resolved and likely
,jf not adjusted to endanger the industrial peace of the undertaking or the comF
munity. To read into definition the requirement of written demand for bringing into existence an industrial dispute would tantamOLlnt to rc~writing the secti0n.
The power conferred by section 10(1) on the Government to refer the
dispute can be. exercised not only where the industrial dispute exists buu \vhcn
it is
also
apprehended. In making
a
reference under section
:O(l)
the
Government
is
doing an .administrative
act
and
the fact that it
has to form an opinion as to the factual existence of an industrial dispute as
a prelimina.ry step to the discharge of its function does not make it any the Jess
G
admii.iistra.tive in character.
[795 D-E, F-H, 796 A]
Madras State v. C. P. Sarathy, AIR 1953 SC 52 and Si11dhu Resettle1nent
Corporation Ltd. v. Industrial Tribunal, [1968] LLJ 834, referred to.
3. The question whether an industrial dispute exists on the date of reference
is a queEtion of fact to be determined on the material placed before the
Tribunal.
[796 DJ
4. In the present case the Tribunal completely misdirected itself V.'hen it
H
observed that no demand \\'as made by the workinan claiming re-instatement!
after dismissal.
When the enquiry was held it is an admitted position that
the workman appeared and claimed reinstatement.
After
his
dismissal
he
A
B
c
D
E
F
G
H
794
SUPREME
COURT REPORTS
[1978) 2 S·C·R·
~efe_rred an appeal to the appellate forum and contended that the order of
d1sm1ssul was \Vrong and that in any event he should be reinstated in service.
When the Union approached the Conciliation Officer, the Management appeared
and contested the claim for reinstaternent.
There is thus unimpeachable
evi~
dence that the concerned \VOrkman persistently demand~d reinstatement.
'
[796 E-H. 797 Al

## Text

·- - '(
r
_,,I; ••
SHAMBU NATH GOYAL
v.
BANK OF BARODA, JULLUNDUR
February 2, 1978
[V. R. KRISHNA IYER AND D. A. DESAI, JJ.]
793
Industrial Disputes Act 1947-Sec. 2(k)-Sec. 10-Before ll.ll industrial dispute is referred whether ll. written donand by the worlanan is csse11tialExistence of industrial dispute.
The appellant was a clerk in the Bank of Baroda. A charge sheet was
served upon him.
After holding departme~1tal enquiry he \Vlls dismissed from
service. An appeal filed by the workman against the dismissal was dismissed.
Thereafter, the matter was referred to conciliation. On failure of conciliation,
the Government referred the\ dispute to the Industrial Tribunal u•nder section
10 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The respondent raised a preliminary
objection before the Tribunal that as no demand in respect of the at?pellant was
made upon the management there was no industrial dispute in existence and,
therefore, the' reference made by the Government ut..1der section 10 wa:s incompetent. The Tribunal upheJdr the said preliminary objection on the ground
· that as no demand was nlade by the Government either oral or in '.vriting before approaching the conciliation officer there was no dispute in existence on
the date of the' reference.
Allowing the appeal,
HELD : 1.
Section 2(k) of the Act defines industrial dispute which requires that there should be a dispute connected with Jhe employment or nonemploymen.:t or terms of employment inter alia betv.:een the employers .and
\vorkmen.
The Act nowhere contemplates that the U1spule- 'vould come into
existence in any particular specific or prescribed manner. For coming into
existence of an industrial dispute a. written demand is not ,\ine qua 11011,
[795 B-C]
Beetliam v. Trinidaa Cement Ltd., [1960] I All E.R. 244 at 249, referred
w.
A
B
c
D
E
2. The key words in the defiuition of Industrial dispute are dispute or
difference.
The term industrial dispute connotes a real and substantial difference having some element of persistency and continuity till resolved and likely
,jf not adjusted to endanger the industrial peace of the undertaking or the comF
munity. To read into definition the requirement of written demand for bringing into existence an industrial dispute would tantamOLlnt to rc~writing the secti0n.
The power conferred by section 10(1) on the Government to refer the
dispute can be. exercised not only where the industrial dispute exists buu \vhcn
it is
also
apprehended. In making
a
reference under section
:O(l)
the
Government
is
doing an .administrative
act
and
the fact that it
has to form an opinion as to the factual existence of an industrial dispute as
a prelimina.ry step to the discharge of its function does not make it any the Jess
G
admii.iistra.tive in character.
[795 D-E, F-H, 796 A]
Madras State v. C. P. Sarathy, AIR 1953 SC 52 and Si11dhu Resettle1nent
Corporation Ltd. v. Industrial Tribunal, [1968] LLJ 834, referred to.
3. The question whether an industrial dispute exists on the date of reference
is a queEtion of fact to be determined on the material placed before the
Tribunal.
[796 DJ
4. In the present case the Tribunal completely misdirected itself V.'hen it
H
observed that no demand \\'as made by the workinan claiming re-instatement!
after dismissal.
When the enquiry was held it is an admitted position that
the workman appeared and claimed reinstatement.
After
his
dismissal
he
A
B
c
D
E
F
G
H
794
SUPREME
COURT REPORTS
[1978) 2 S·C·R·
~efe_rred an appeal to the appellate forum and contended that the order of
d1sm1ssul was \Vrong and that in any event he should be reinstated in service.
When the Union approached the Conciliation Officer, the Management appeared
and contested the claim for reinstaternent.
There is thus unimpeachable
evi~
dence that the concerned \VOrkman persistently demand~d reinstatement.
'
[796 E-H. 797 Al
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 646 o! 1971.
Appeal by Special Leave from the Award dated 25-10-1970 of
the Central Industrial Tribunal, Chandigarh in Reference No. 3/C of
1970 published in the Gazette of India, Part II, Section 3, Sub-section
(II) dated 28-11-1970.
M. K. Garg for the appellant.
Ex parte against the respondent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
DESAI, J.
This appeal by special leave arises out of an award
made by Industrial Tribunal, Chandigarh in Reference No. 3/C of
1970 between S. N. Goyal, workman and the management of the Bank
of Baroda, by which the industrial dispute raised by the workman
complaining about his illegal dismissal from service and seeking reinstatement was rejected holding that in the absence of any demand having
been made by the concerned workman on the respondent bank and
consequently no industrial dispute having come into
existence
the
Government was not competent to refer the dispute to the Tribunal for
adjudication.
S. N. Goyal, workman was a clerk in the Bank of Baroda, B.O. Civil
Lines, Jullundur City.
A charge-sheet dated 31st July, 1965 was
served npon him whereafter an inquiry into charges was held and ultimately the workman was dismissed from service, against which
the
workman unsuccessfully appealed.
The industrial dispute arising out
of the diw1issal of the workman was espoused by Punjab Bank Workers
Union.
On the failure recorded bv conciliation officer. Government
of India made the reference in the ·following terms :
"Whether the action of the management of Bank of
Baroda in dismissing Shri S. N. Goyal a clerk of Civil Lines
Branch, Jullundur of the Bank was justified ? If not, to
what relief is he entitled ?"
The Union filed statement of claim.
The Bank of Baroda in its
written statement raised a preliminary objection that as no demand in
respect of Shri S. N. Goyal was made upon the management, there was
no industrial dispute in existence and therefore the reference 1nade by
tbe Gov.zrnment under s. 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act was incompetent.
There was another preliminary objection with which we are
not concerned in this appeal.
The first preliminary objection found
favour with the Industrial Tribunal which upheld the contemion that
as no demand either oral or in writing was mad·:: by the concerned
workman before approaching the Conciliation Officer, there was no
dispute in existence on the date of the reference and therefore
the
reference made by the Government was incompetent.
---- <
,.,>
s. N. GOYAL v. BANK OF BARODA: (Desai, J.)
795
Section 2(k) defines industrial dispute as under:
"industrial dispute" means any
dispute or difference
between employers and employers or between employers and
workmen or between workmen and workmen,
which
is
connected with the employment or non-employment or the
terms of· employment or with the conditions of iabour o(
any person;"
A bare perusal of the definition would show that where there is a
dispute or difference between the parties contemplated by the definition
an'd the disputes or difference is connected with the employment or noncmployment or the terms of employment or with the conditions of
Jabour of any person there comes into existence an industrial dispute.
The Act nowhere contemplates that the dispute would come into existence in any particular, specific or prescribed manner.
For coming
into existence of an industrial dispute a written demand is not a sine
qua non, unless of course in the case of public utility service, because
s. 22 forbids going on strike without giving a strike notice.
The key
words in the definition of industrial dispute are 'dispute' or 'difference'.
What is the connotation of these two words.
In Beetham v. Trinidad
Cement Ltd.('). Lord Denning while examinin~ the
definition
of
expression 'Trade dispute' in s. 2(1) of Trade Disputes (Arbitration
and Inquiry) Ordinance of Trinidad observed :
"by definition a 'trade dispute' exists whenever a 'difference' exists and a difference can exist long before the parties
become locked in a combat. It is not necessary that they
should have come to blows.
It is sufficient that they should
be sparring for an opening".
Thus the term 'industrial dispute' connotes a real and substantial
<.lifference having some clement of persistency and continuity till resolved and likely if not adjusted to endanger the industrial peace of the
Undertaking or the community.
When parties arc at variance
and
the dispute or difference is connected with the employment, or nonemployment or the terms of employment or with the conditions of
labour there comes into existence an industrial dispute. To read into
definition the requirement of written demand for bringing into existence an industrial dispute would tentamount to re-\vriting the section.
The reference in the case before us was made
under s. l 0 ( 1)
which provides inter alia that where the appropriate government is of
o_pinion that any industrial dispute exists or is apprehended it may at any
time by order in writing refer the matter for adjudication as therein
mentioned.
The power conferred by s. 10(1) on the Government to
re~er the dispute. c~n be exercised not only where an industrial dispute
exists but when tt ts also apprehended.
From the material placed before the Government, Government reaches an administrative decision
whether there ex!sts . an industr!al dispute or an industrial dispute is
appri:hended and m either event 1t can exercise its power under s. 10(1).
But m makmg a reference under s. 10(1) the Government is doing
Ii
[1960] 1 Alt E.R. 244 al 249.
A
B
c
D
E
F
G
H
A
B
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II
796
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1978] 2 S.C.R.
an administrative act and the fact that it has to form an opinion as
to the factual existence of an industrial dispute as a preliminary step
to the discharge of its function does not make it any the less administrative in character.
The Court cannot therefore, canvass the order
of referenc.e closely to see if there was any material before the Government to support its conclusion, as if it was ~ judicial or quasi judicial
det6rrnination.
No doubt it will be open to a party seeking to impugn
the resulting award to show that what was referred by the Government
was not an industrial dispute within the meaning of the Act, and that,
therefore, the Tribunal had no jurisdiction to make the award.
But,
if the dispute was an industrial dispute as defined in the Act, its factual
existence and expediency of making a reference in the circumstances of
a parfaular case are matters entirely for the Government to decide
upon and it will not be competent for the Court to hold the reference
bad and quash the proceedings for want of jurisdiction merely because
in its opinion there was no material before the Government on which
it could have come to an affirmative conclusion of those matters, ( vide
Madras Staie v. C. P. Sarthy( 1). The Tribunal, however, referred to
the decision of this Court in Sindhi Resettlement Corporation Ltd. v.
Industrial Tribunal(2), in which this
Court proceeded to ascertain
whether there was in existence an industrial dispute at the date of reference, but the question whether in case of an apprehended
dispute
Government can make reference under s. 10(1) was not examined.
Buu that apart the question whether an industrial dispute exists at the
date of reference is a question of fact to be determined on the material
placed before the Tribunal with the cautions enunciated in C. P. Sarlhy's
case (Supra).
Jn the case before us, it can be shown from the record
accepted by the Tribunal itself that there was in existence a dispute
which was legitimately referred by the Government to the Industrial
Tribunal for adjudication.
Undoubtedly, it is for the Government to
be satisfied about existence of the dispute and the Government does
appear to be satisfied.
However, it would be open to the party
impugning the reference that there was no material before the Government, and it would be open to the Tribunal to examine the question,
but that does not mean that it can sit in appeal over the decision of
the Government and come to a conclusion that there was no material
before the Government.
In this case the Tribunal completely misdirected itself when it
0hserved that no.demand was made by the workman claiming reinstatement after dismissal.
When the it quiry was held, it is an admitted
position, than the workman appeared and
claimed
rcins•tatement.
After his dismissal he preferred an appeal to. the Appellate forum and
contended that the order of dismissal was wrong, unsupported
by
evidence and in any event he should be reinstated in service. If that
was not a demand for reinstatement addressed to employer what else
would it convey.
That appeal itself is a representation questioning
the decision of the Management dismissing the workmen from service
and praying for reinstatement.
There is furtl1er a fact that when
(l) A.l.R. 1953 S.C. 53.
(2) [19681 L.L.J. 843.
\ .__
r
.... ...
s. N. GOYAL v. BANK OF BARODA (Desai, J.)
797
~the Union approached the Conciliation Officer the Management appear·
ed and contested the claim for reinstatement.
There is thus unim·
peachable evidence that the concerned workman persistently demanded
re.instatement. If in th.is background t.Q.e Government came to the
conclusion that there exists a dispute concerning workman S. N. Goyal
and it was an industrial dispute because there was demand for rein·
statement and a reference was made such reference could hardly be
rejected on the ground that there was no demand and the industrial
dispute did not come into existence. Therefore, the Tribunal was in
error in rejecting the reference on the ground that the reference was
incompetent. Accordingly- this appeal is allowed and the Award of the
Tribunal is set aside and the matter is remitted to tribunal for disposal
according to law. The respondent shall pay costs of the appellant
in this Court. As the reference is very old the Tribunal
should
dispose it of as expeditiously as possible.
P.H.P.
Appeal allowed.
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