# J. K. VASA VADA & ORS v. CHANDRAKANTA CHIMANLAL BHAVSAR & ANR - **Citation:** [1976] 1 S.C.R. 499 - **Court:** Supreme Court of India - **Decided:** 1975-08-28 - **Bench:** A. Alag!Riswami, Untwalia Ands. Murtaza Fazal Ali - **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/j-k-vasa-vada-ors-v-chandrakanta-chimanlal-bhavsar-anr-6622 - **Pages:** 6 ## Headnote c D E F G H States Reorganisation Act, 1956-Sec. 115(7)-B'onibay States Reorganisa· tion Act, 1960-Sec. 81(!'b) and Sec. 87-Change in conditions of service to the disadvantage of allotted governn1erlt c111ployces-Approval of the Central Govern1ne11t _1111der earlier Re.·'organisation Act--Circufar of Central Govern• 1nent dated I Ith May, 1957. The appellants and the respondents were originally servants of the Sta·1e of Bombay and were allotted to the State of Gujarat on its formation on 1st of May, 1960. The State of Gujarat issued certain orders in the year 1962 and thereafter which P'rovided that passing of G.D.C. & A. examination was necessary for the purpose of getting a promotion to the higher grades. It also provided that persons v.1ho were already promoted would lose their incremen.ts and in sonle cases further increments \Vere stopped unless they passed the said examination. The respondents filed a Writ Petition in the High Court '?f Gujarat challenging the validity Of the said orders on the ground that the said orders varied the conditions of service of the respondents to their disadvantage without the approval of the Central Government. The respondents contended Jhut they had passed all the prescribed departn1ental examinations, as required by the Rules of the State of Bombay. The High Court of Gujarat struck down the said orders ort the ground that they varied the conditions· of service of the a1lotted employees to their disadvantage without the approval of the Central Government. ' On appeal by special leave, it was contended by the appellants : (1) In view of the circular of 1957, the conditions of service of the em~ ployeeS of the then Bombay States in so far as promotion is concerned could have been varied to their disadvantage. The said right of the State of Bombay was available to the State of Gujarat. (2) No circular similar to the 1957 circular was required to be issued under s. 81(6) of the Bombay State Reorganisation Act. The respondent<> contended that the circular issued on 11th May 1957 was unde.r the States Re?~ganisation Act of 1956 and cannot. therefore, apply in relation to the prov1s1ons of the Bombay States Reorganisation Act of 1960 which came into force subsequently. ' Allowing the appeal, HELD : ( 1) The condition of service applicable to the emnlovees of the State of Bombay included not merely the rules made under the proviso to Art. 309 of the Constitution. It also included a liabilitv to be subjected to any other rule that might be made under that nroviso till ls.t ,May 1960- by the State of Bon1bav. The reorganised State of Bornbav could have made rules making the G.n.c·. & A. examination a nccessarv qualification for promotion even though there was no such rule earlier. Therefore thf" condition-. of servicr of the servants of the reorganised State of Ron1baY befo:re 1st of May 1960 included a condition that thcv \Voulcl be subject to anr ·nlle made by that State in rei;;pect of their promotion. f503-AB, DFl (2) The power granted to the reorganised State of Dombav should be deemed .. to accrue to the successor States, that is, the States of Maharashtra and Guiarnt. f503El (3) ~~tion 87 of the Rombav State Reorganisation Act, 1960 nrovfde, that the provISions of Part II cJf the State Act shall not be deemed to have effected 500 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1976] I S.C.R. any change in the territories to which any Jaw in force immCdiately before A the appointed day extends or applies. Section 2(d) of the said Act defines "law'' a-, including any enactment. Ordinance Regulation. order, bye-law rule, scheme, notification or other instn1ment having the force of law in the wh0Ie or in any part of the State of Bombay. 'fhe circular of 11th May 1957 was, therefore, law, and \vould, therefore, continue to be in force in the new States of M aharasptra and Gujarat. The Gujarat Government, therefore, even in terms of the c!fcular of the Central Government dated I Ith ~1ay 1957 was competent to n1akc the rn ## Text ~ ,. ' 1 ~· . ' i 499 A J. K. VASA VADA & ORS. v. CHANDRAKANTA CHIMANLAL BHAVSAR & ANR. August 28, 1975 B [A. ALAG!RISWAMI, N. L, UNTWALIA ANDS. MURTAZA FAZAL ALI, JJ.J c D E F G H States Reorganisation Act, 1956-Sec. 115(7)-B'onibay States Reorganisa· tion Act, 1960-Sec. 81(!'b) and Sec. 87-Change in conditions of service to the disadvantage of allotted governn1erlt c111ployces-Approval of the Central Govern1ne11t _1111der earlier Re.·'organisation Act--Circufar of Central Govern• 1nent dated I Ith May, 1957. The appellants and the respondents were originally servants of the Sta·1e of Bombay and were allotted to the State of Gujarat on its formation on 1st of May, 1960. The State of Gujarat issued certain orders in the year 1962 and thereafter which P'rovided that passing of G.D.C. & A. examination was necessary for the purpose of getting a promotion to the higher grades. It also provided that persons v.1ho were already promoted would lose their incremen.ts and in sonle cases further increments \Vere stopped unless they passed the said examination. The respondents filed a Writ Petition in the High Court '?f Gujarat challenging the validity Of the said orders on the ground that the said orders varied the conditions of service of the respondents to their disadvantage without the approval of the Central Government. The respondents contended Jhut they had passed all the prescribed departn1ental examinations, as required by the Rules of the State of Bombay. The High Court of Gujarat struck down the said orders ort the ground that they varied the conditions· of service of the a1lotted employees to their disadvantage without the approval of the Central Government. ' On appeal by special leave, it was contended by the appellants : (1) In view of the circular of 1957, the conditions of service of the em~ ployeeS of the then Bombay States in so far as promotion is concerned could have been varied to their disadvantage. The said right of the State of Bombay was available to the State of Gujarat. (2) No circular similar to the 1957 circular was required to be issued under s. 81(6) of the Bombay State Reorganisation Act. The respondent<> contended that the circular issued on 11th May 1957 was unde.r the States Re?~ganisation Act of 1956 and cannot. therefore, apply in relation to the prov1s1ons of the Bombay States Reorganisation Act of 1960 which came into force subsequently. ' Allowing the appeal, HELD : ( 1) The condition of service applicable to the emnlovees of the State of Bombay included not merely the rules made under the proviso to Art. 309 of the Constitution. It also included a liabilitv to be subjected to any other rule that might be made under that nroviso till ls.t ,May 1960- by the State of Bon1bav. The reorganised State of Bornbav could have made rules making the G.n.c·. & A. examination a nccessarv qualification for promotion even though there was no such rule earlier. Therefore thf" condition-. of servicr of the servants of the reorganised State of Ron1baY befo:re 1st of May 1960 included a condition that thcv \Voulcl be subject to anr ·nlle made by that State in rei;;pect of their promotion. f503-AB, DFl (2) The power granted to the reorganised State of Dombav should be deemed .. to accrue to the successor States, that is, the States of Maharashtra and Guiarnt. f503El (3) ~~tion 87 of the Rombav State Reorganisation Act, 1960 nrovfde, that the provISions of Part II cJf the State Act shall not be deemed to have effected 500 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1976] I S.C.R. any change in the territories to which any Jaw in force immCdiately before A the appointed day extends or applies. Section 2(d) of the said Act defines "law'' a-, including any enactment. Ordinance Regulation. order, bye-law rule, scheme, notification or other instn1ment having the force of law in the wh0Ie or in any part of the State of Bombay. 'fhe circular of 11th May 1957 was, therefore, law, and \vould, therefore, continue to be in force in the new States of M aharasptra and Gujarat. The Gujarat Government, therefore, even in terms of the c!fcular of the Central Government dated I Ith ~1ay 1957 was competent to n1akc the rnle~ which they made in 1962 thereafter. [5030-H, 504A-l3] CIVIL APPELATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1856 of 1970. Appeal by special leave from the judgment and order dated the 24th June, 1969 of the Gujarat High Court in Special Civil Application No. 231 of 1968. V. M. Tarkunde, V. N. Ga11p11/e and P. C. Kapur, for the aprcllam. S. T. Desai, Rajen Yash Paul and R. B. Datar, for respoadents 1, 3, 4-6 & 8. M. V. Goswami, for respondents 11-54. M. N. Shroff, for respondent 9. S. T. Desai, P. H. Parekh and Manju Jaitley, foi: respondent 7 & Intervener (K. C. Swami & Ors.) The J u'dgment of the Court was delivered by B c D ALAGJRISWAMI, J. This appeal filed in pursuance of special leave E granted by this Court by certain officers of the Co-operation Department of the Government of Gujarat is ·against the judgment of the High Court of Gujarat in a writ petition filed by the respondents. The appellants as well as the respondents (hereinafter called petitioners) were originally servants of the State of Bombay and were allotted to the State of Gujarat on its formation on !st May, 1960. The petitioners alleged that they had passed all the prescribed departmental examinations as required by the rules of the State of Bombay and challenged the validity of certain orders of the Government of Gujarat. One of them was an order of May 10, 1962 which provided that persons already promoted would have to pass the examination of G.D.C. & A. within a period of three years and if they did not their increment would be stopped and if they have reached the maximum of the scale their pay would be reduced to the next lower stage, until they passed the examillation. It also laid down G.D.C. & A. as a necessary qualification for promotion. Another impugned order was dated June 18, 1965 which contained rules made under the proviso to Article 309 of the Constitution of India and laid down the qualification of G .D.C. & A. examination for promotion. They also complained against an order dated January 23, 1968 that they should draw no further increments and what had been paid to them earlier without giving effect to that order should be recovered. F G H ~ J . "' ·" ·~~;, '." ' ' ~ I t A B c r D F ...,_ ' ' l G ' 1 H J, K. VA'SAVADA v. CHANDRAKANTA (Alagiriswami, J.) 50 I It is unnecessary to set qut the impug~d orders in extenso. For the purposes of this case it is enough to say that the maiu grievance of the petitioners before the High Court of Gujarat was the laying down of the qualification of G.D.C. & A. for purposes of earning increments as weli as for promotion. They complained that under the rules in force in the State of Bombay they were not require'd to pass this examination either for earning increments. or for promotion and the rules and resolutions of the Government of Gujarat laying down the passing 'of the G.D.C. & A. examination ail a necessary qnalification for promotion as well as for earning increments contravened s. 81(6) of the Bombay Re-organisation Act, 1960 which is in pari materia with s. 115 (7) of the States Re-organisation Act, 1956. The appellants who were the respondents in the writ petition had passed the G.D.C. & A examination and therefore been promoted earlier than the respondents who were the petitioners and had therefore been impleadeld as parties to the writ petition. As regards the complaint about the petitioners not being allowed to get future increments till they passed the examination and reduction by one stage of persons who had reached the maximum in their grade and the recovery of the amounts which they had already drawn, they are no longe1' the subject matter of auy grievance because the State of Gujarat have removeld those grievances by Note 1 to Regulation 13(4)(iii) found in the order of the Government of Gujarat dated September 14, 1967 at pages 17 to 22 of the paper book. There is a certain amount of confusion in the records regarding this. As against the rule above referred to there is an order dated 23-1-1968 ordering recovery. But it was made clear during the course of the arguments that no recovery will bti makle. We are, therefore, concerned only with the question of the validity of the orders of the Government insofar as they laid Clown the qualification of p.D.C. & A. as one of the requisites for promotion to higher posts. Before the High Court it was contended on behalf of the State of Gujarat that immediately before the "appointed day" the petitioners were governed by the 1939 Bombay Rules, of which Note to Rule .6-A provided the passing of the G.D.C. & A. as a qualification for promotion. On the groimtl that what was prodnced was a typed compilation consisting of some circular letters and rules of the Cooperative Department and that the learned advocate appearing for the Government had not been able to tell the Court whether the rules were gazetted or otherwise. notified rules and whether they were made in any part.icular year and by what authority and under any particular provision of law and that it was not known when the 'note' to the rule was added the High Court held that it would not be proper to rely upon Rule 6-A and that a note to a rule had in any case no legal effect. In the course of arJ(llments before this Court the relevant rules were soq~ht to be produced. Based on the existence of those rules 502 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1976] 1 S.C.R, and on the decision of this Court in Mohd, Shujat Ali v. Union of lndial') it was argued on. behalf of the appellants that rules relating to promotion do not come within the scope of s. 81(6). The above d.;cision of this Cort was concerned withs. 115(7) of the States Reorganisation Act. There was in that case a circular of the Central Government dated May 11, 1957 to all State Governments stating, among other things, that so far as departmental promotion was concerned the decision of the Central Government was that "it would not be appro· priate to provide any protection in the matter". On the basis of that circular it was pointed out by this Court that so far as departmental promotion was concerned the State Governments mighl, if they so desired, change the conditions of service an1J for this purpose they might assume the previous approval of the Central Government as required by the proviso to s. 115(7) and as the Central Government had given its approval to any alteratio~ which the State Government might wish to i;rnkc in the conditions of service relating to departmental promotion they did not need to be protected, and held that the Andhra Rules anU Andhra Pradesh Rules regarding promotion did not contravene the proviso to s. 115 (7). In view of this decision the question whether there was any corresponding rule in the State of Bombay before the parties in this case were allotted to the State of Gujarat becomes academic. Whether there was or there was not any rule governing the parties while they were serving the Bombay State requiring that they should pass the G.D.C. & A. examination in order to qualify for promotion to higher posts the rule made by the Gujarat Government in 1962 should be held to be not hit bys. 81 (6) of the Bombay Reorganisation Act, 1960. It was, however, argued on behalf of the petitioners that the circnlar of the Central Government which was under consideration by this Court in the decision above cited was dated 11-5-1957 and cannot therefore apply in relation to the provisions of the Bombay Reorganisation Act, 1960 which came into force subsequently. But there is a fallacy in this argument. Section 81(6) reads: "Nothing in this section shall be deemed to affect, after the appointed day the operation of the provision or the provisions of Chapter I of Part XIV of the Constitution in relation to the determination of the conditions of service of persons serving in connection with the affairs of the State of Maharashtra or Gujarat. Provided that the conditioils of service applicahlc immediately before the appointed 'day to the case of any person provisionally or finally allot•ed to the State of Maharashtra or Gujarat under this section shall not be varied to his disadvantage except with the previous approval of the Central Government." (l) A. I. R. 1974 S. C. 1631. A B c D E F G H r • " A B c D E J. K. VA:SAVADA v. CHANDRAKANTA (Alagiriswami, !.) 503 The question, therclo1e, is what were the conditions of service applicable immediately befure the appointed day to the parties in this case? They were the rules and orders applicable to them when they were servants of the State of Bombay befor~ May 1, 1960. The conditions of service appucable to them mclutkd not merely the rules made under the proviso to Article 309 of the Constitution. It also included a liabihty to be subjected to any other ~ule that might be made under that proviso till May 1, 1960 by the State of Bombay. The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 was also applicable to them. It would be remembered that under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 the new State of Bombay includc!d not merely the pre-reorganisation State of Bombay but also areas of Kutch, Marathwada from the old Hyderabad State and the Vidharba region from the old Central Provinces and Berar. In respect of all Government servants who were allotted to the reorganised State of Bombay s. 115(7) of the States Reorganisation Act applied. It was under the proviso to that section that the above mentioned circular of May 11, 1957 was issued by the Government of InUia. Under that circular it was open to the reorganised State of Bombay to make any rules for promotion -of its servanls which were not applicable to them before the formation of the reorganised State of Bombay. In other words the reorganised State of Bombay had the right to make rules regarding those Government servants including the parties in this case. The reorganised State of Bombay could have made rules making the G.D.C. & A. a necessary qualification for promotion even thongh there was no such rule earlier. Therefore the conditions of service of tbe servants of the reorganised State of Bombay before lst of May, 1960 included a condition that they woulU be sub· ject to any rule made by that State in respect of their promotion. The power granted to the reorganised State of Bombay should be deemed to accrue to the successor States, that is, the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat. We may in this connection refer to s. 87 of the Bombay ReorganiF sation Act, 1960 which reads : G H "87. Territorial extent of laws.-The provisions of Part II shall not be deemed to have cJTected any change in the territories to which any law in force imme