# JAGIR SINGH & ANR v. JASDEV SINGH & ORS

- **Citation:** [1975] 3 S.C.R. 791
- **Court:** Supreme Court of India
- **Decided:** 1975-02-28
- **Case number:** Civil Appeal No. 737 of 1973
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/jagir-singh-anr-v-jasdev-singh-ors-6383
- **Pages:** 6

## Headnote

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JAGIR SINGH & ANR.
v.
JASDEV SINGH & ORS.
February 28, 1975 ·
79:1
LM. H. BEG, A. ALAGIRISWAMI AND N. L. UNTWALIA, JJ.]
Representa_tion of the People Act (43 of 1951) Section 123(3) and (3A)-
Corrupt practice-Proof o{.
'I_be appellants, who were the voters of the constituency, challenged the
election ~f ~e first respondent who was a nominee of the Akali Dal, to tire
State Legislative Assembly, on the ground that he was guilty of corrupt prac•
tice under s. 123(3) and (3A) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951.
The second respondent, who was
a nominee of the Congress and the
third respondent, who was an
independent candidate,
were unsuccessful
in the election. The charge of corrupt practice against the first respondent was
based <_>n the. publication of a poster. The High Court held, (i) that the poster
was printed from a document produced by the appellant's witness; (ii) that the
signature on that document was that of the first respondent; (iii) the document
produced by the court witness as the one from which the poster was printed
was manufactured for the purpose of election petition, and that its production
as well as the production of a tape-recorded conversation between the ls. respondent and the husband of the 2nd respondent, showed an anxiety on tho
part of the first respondent to steer clear of his signature on the document pr<>:
duced by the appellant's witness; and (iv) that such
anxiety
of the first
respondent
could
only
arise
because
he
had,
in
fact,
signed · the
document produced by the appellant's witness, as it was not his case that he
ever signed any blank paper. The High Court, however, dismissed the petition
holding that it was not sure of the existence of the offending posrer before the
poll.
Allowing the appeal to this Court,
HELD : ( 1} The conclusion of the High Court that the poster was not
printed before the pol! is completely non-sequitur, in view of the other findings
of the High Court which are borne out by the evidence on. record. The evi·
dence establishes that the printing of the poster was before the poll and that
it was the first respondent who got it printed.
[793C-D; 795A]
(a) The absence of a complaint by the second respondent does not lead to
the conclusion that the poster was not printed before the appeal. (793-D]
.
, (b) The tape-recorded conversation is absolutely imhelpful to the first respondent's case and it does· not establish that the first respondent was ~urp)ised
and bewildered at the fact that the document produced by the appellants witness
bore hi~ signature. [795D-E]
Ci) The evidence also established that the 'poster was distJ:ibuted in vari<_>US
villages at the ins~nce of the first . respondent. The reasop given by th~ High
Court for disbelieving the oral telil1mony of one of the witnesses ~gardmg the
distribution name1y, 'that he was an Akali and that his
testimony . could not
be accepted and he would be the last person to support the congress candidate'
ii; the very reason that the evidence of that witness should have been accepted
against the first respondent. [796A-D]

## Text

l
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JAGIR SINGH & ANR.
v.
JASDEV SINGH & ORS.
February 28, 1975 ·
79:1
LM. H. BEG, A. ALAGIRISWAMI AND N. L. UNTWALIA, JJ.]
Representa_tion of the People Act (43 of 1951) Section 123(3) and (3A)-
Corrupt practice-Proof o{.
'I_be appellants, who were the voters of the constituency, challenged the
election ~f ~e first respondent who was a nominee of the Akali Dal, to tire
State Legislative Assembly, on the ground that he was guilty of corrupt prac•
tice under s. 123(3) and (3A) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951.
The second respondent, who was
a nominee of the Congress and the
third respondent, who was an
independent candidate,
were unsuccessful
in the election. The charge of corrupt practice against the first respondent was
based <_>n the. publication of a poster. The High Court held, (i) that the poster
was printed from a document produced by the appellant's witness; (ii) that the
signature on that document was that of the first respondent; (iii) the document
produced by the court witness as the one from which the poster was printed
was manufactured for the purpose of election petition, and that its production
as well as the production of a tape-recorded conversation between the ls. respondent and the husband of the 2nd respondent, showed an anxiety on tho
part of the first respondent to steer clear of his signature on the document pr<>:
duced by the appellant's witness; and (iv) that such
anxiety
of the first
respondent
could
only
arise
because
he
had,
in
fact,
signed · the
document produced by the appellant's witness, as it was not his case that he
ever signed any blank paper. The High Court, however, dismissed the petition
holding that it was not sure of the existence of the offending posrer before the
poll.
Allowing the appeal to this Court,
HELD : ( 1} The conclusion of the High Court that the poster was not
printed before the pol! is completely non-sequitur, in view of the other findings
of the High Court which are borne out by the evidence on. record. The evi·
dence establishes that the printing of the poster was before the poll and that
it was the first respondent who got it printed.
[793C-D; 795A]
(a) The absence of a complaint by the second respondent does not lead to
the conclusion that the poster was not printed before the appeal. (793-D]
.
, (b) The tape-recorded conversation is absolutely imhelpful to the first respondent's case and it does· not establish that the first respondent was ~urp)ised
and bewildered at the fact that the document produced by the appellants witness
bore hi~ signature. [795D-E]
Ci) The evidence also established that the 'poster was distJ:ibuted in vari<_>US
villages at the ins~nce of the first . respondent. The reasop given by th~ High
Court for disbelieving the oral telil1mony of one of the witnesses ~gardmg the
distribution name1y, 'that he was an Akali and that his
testimony . could not
be accepted and he would be the last person to support the congress candidate'
ii; the very reason that the evidence of that witness should have been accepted
against the first respondent. [796A-D]
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 737 of 1973.
From the judgment and order (lated February 16, 1973 of the PunH
jab & Haryana High Court in Election Petition No. 38 of 1972.
G. ·B. Pai, S. K. Bagga, l. K. Mehta, S. Bagga and Yash Bagga,
for the appellant.
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SUPREME COURT REPORTS
lrapil Sibal Jasdev Singh and Hardev Sinfh, for respondent no. 1.
Bhagwant Singh, B. D. Sharma, M. P. Varma and S. R. Sriva3tQVa,
fo1 respondent no. 2.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
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ALAGIRISWAMI, J.
The appellant.s are two voters of the Dakala
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constituency who challenged the election of the 1st respondent to the
Punjab Legislative Assembly on many grounds out of which only the
charge of corrupt practice under section 123(3) and 123(3A) of the
Representation of the People Act now survives for consideration. Retpondents 2 and 3 are the ULsuccessful candidates. ·The charge- of corrupt practice is based on the publication of a pamphlet, about th•
nature of which there is no dispute and the contents of which are thertC
fore unnecessary to be set out. It is admitted that if the publication
of the pamphlet either by the successful candidate or his election asent
or anyone else at the instance of either of them is proved the election
has to be set aside.
The publication was sought to be proved by the evidence of C.W.1,
the proprietor of the printing press where it was printed, C.W. 2 in
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whose name it was printed as well as of P.W.l. The evidence of :R.W.
5 was relied upon to prove that the pamphlet was sent to the SubDivisional Magistrate as required under section 127A of the Representation of the People Act and received by her on the 12th March.
Ext. P.W.1/4 was put forward by the appellants as the manru;cript
whY.:h was usr-d for printing the pamphlet.
This is purported t.o be
signed by the successful candidate as well as C.W. 2, Jathedar Ram
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Singh, in whose name the pamphlet is published and P.W.1, Bcdi
Raghbir Singh.
On the other hand the printer, C.W. 1 produced another manuscriu~ Ext. C.W.1/1 as the one from which the pamphlet
was printed.
111ere is also a tape-recorded conversation between the
1st respondent and Bhagwant Singh, the husband of the 2nd respondent, who was also her counsel in the election petition, from which the
1st respondent tried to make out that he was wholly unaware of and
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surprised at his signature in Ext. P.W.1/4. His main argument before
this Court was that the whole thing has been brought ~bout by collusion .
between the 2.nd respondent, Bedi Raghbir Singh P.W. 1, Nichhatar
Singh C.W. 1 and Jathedar Ram Singh C.W. 2. The learned JudJl;c
held:
(1) that he had no doubt that the pamphlet was printed
from Ext. P.W.
11/4;
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(2) that Ext. C.W. 1/1 had been manufactured for· the
purpose of this petition;
(3) that the figures "20 x 30=5000" on Ext. P.W. 1/4
4
are in the handwriting of Nicbbatar Singh;
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( 4) that the signature of the successful candidate on
Ext. P.W. 1/4 appears to be his;
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JAGJR SINGH v. J,ASDEV SINGH (Alagiriswami, !.)
793
(5) that the production of Ext. C.W.1/1 by ,Nichhatar
Singh and the tape-recorded conversation show an anxiety
on the part of l st respondent to steer clear of his signature on
Ext. P.W.J/4;
( 6) that this anxiety could be because he had in fact
signed such a poster as it was not his case t.hat he ever signed
:my blank paper; and
(7) that he was not, however, sure of the existence of
the poster.
We are of opinion that conclusions 1 to 6 of the learned Jildge set out
above are borne out by the evidence on record and do not therefore
consider it necessary to set out at length the evidence to support those
conclusions. Conclusion No. 7 is rather curious in view of his earlier
conclusions and his observation that from what he had stated earlier
i.e. conclusion 1 to _6, he was clear in his mind that the poster was not
printed before the poll is completely non sequitur. The learned Jud11c
then goes on to say that the strongest reason for this conclusion is the
absence of any complaint by respondent No. 2. and that the evidence
as to the distribution of the poster is oral and untrustworthy. That is
how he has disposed of the whole question regarding the printing of the
poster. We are unable to agree that absence of complaint by respondent No. 2 necessarily leads to that conclusion.
We are of opinion
that the conclusion arrived at by the learned Judge is wholly unsustainable especially in view of his categorical findings recorded earlier.
The 1st respondent's case was one of complete denial of the a!Je~a
tions in the petition regarding the printing of the poster. He did not
plead that the manuscript which was used for printing the poster, Ext.
P.W.1/4, was manufactured on a blank paper bearing his signature.
He did not even plead .that the pamphlet must or might have been
brought into e:xistenet by the petitioners or the 2nd respondent after the
date· of the poll for the purpose of the election petition. There is very
satisfactory evidence that the poster should have been printed on the
1st of March, 1972. Ext. C.W.1/1, which, as the learned Judge himself holds, has been brought into existence for the purpose of this petition bears that date.
After carefully going through the evidence of
C.W.1. Nichhatar Singh we are satisfied that he is a witness who is
anxious to help the 1st respondent and has brought Bxt. C.W.1/1 into
existence for the purpose of helping him.
Answers fav0urable to the
petitioners had to be extracted out of his unwilling mouth by cross examination. Even he has put the date on Ext. C.W. 1/1 as 1st of March
and his evidence is that it was printed on the 1st of March though he
mentions only the niqne of C.W.2, Ram Singh. He also says that he
had sent a letter, E~t. R.W.5/1, to the Sub-Divisional Magistrate.
Whether that letter was sent on the 1st of March, as is spoken to by
him, or on the 5th of Mari:h, the date which it bears, doe5 not affect
the substance of the question.
This letter has been received by the
Sub-Divisional Magistrate, Miss Deol on 12th March. The learned
Judge himself finds that it was received on 12th March. We "we care-
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SUP!lEME COURT REPORTS
(19751 3 s.c.R.
fully scrutinized it il.lld are satisfied that it has been signed by the SubDivisional Magistrate on the 12th of March. That has been entered
in the office diaiy on the 16th of March. Though it is .true that f.he
date 6th has been struck out and 16th has been put in, the 6th seems
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to have been put in due to a mistake. Looking into the entries in the
diary on the previous pages as well as subsequent pages we have no
doubt that the l 13th is the correct date. The entries on this date contain a number of documents received from various Government offkes
which bear the date 6th March.
We have no reason at all to doubt
th1~ genuineness of the entries in this diary. If Ext. R.W.5/1 was signed by the Sub-Divisional Magistrate on the 12th and entered in the
diary on the 16th they probabilise the receipt of that document at least
some days befote .the 12th. At no stage, except during the arguments
before this Court, were the entries in this diary sought to be impugnl~... C
Indeed ~efore tW, High Court it seems to have been urged on behalf
of the ht respondent that it was a diary maintained in the usual cow:se
of business. Taking therefore even Ext. C.W.1/1 as well as the evidence of C.W.l, Nichhatar Singh, into consideration we are satisfied
that this pamphlet should have come into existence on the 1st of March.
W1~ have also compared the signature of the 1st respondent in Ext.
P.W.1/4 witl1 many of his admitted signatures and are satisfied that
that signature is his and that is confirmed by the expert evidence of
Mr. Puri. There being no satisfactory epcplanation on the part of the
1st: respondent regarding the presence of his signature on Ext. P.W.1/4
it is to be concluded on the evidence of Nichhatar Singh and Jathedar
Ram Singh taken together that the 1st respondent had come to C.W.ll's
prnss and given Ext. P.W.1/4 for printing. Conclusion No. 3 of tile
learned Judge also supports this finding. We are not quite sure about
the presence of Bedi Raghbir Singh at that point of time. But we can
see: no cogent reason for disbelieving the evidence of C.W. 1 whose deposition clearly sbows that he was anxious to help the 1st respondent.
But in order to deny that Ext. P.W.1/4 was the manuscript which was
used for printing the poster he also had to manufacture Ext. C.W.l/ I.
That evidence even taken 1lt its -face value establishes that the printing
of the pamphlet was on the 1st-of March. If so it could have beJ::n
done only at the instance of the 1st respondent. It was not even put
to C.W.1 that it was done after the poll. Why Ram Singh should have
printed it if not a.t the instance of respondent No. 1 was never sought
to be explained.
Nor could respondent No. 2 have printed it.
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We have bestowed our anxious consideration on how the 1st resG
pondent came to sign. Ext. P.W. 1/4. Though Jathedar Ram Singh
trie:d to say that he did not know Nichhalar Singh C.W. 1 and therefore
Nichhatar Singh wanted the 1st respondent to undertake the respoin·
sibility of paying for the printing of the poster, it is clear that Nichhatar
Singh bad known Jathedar Ram Singh for some time and there was no
paiticular reason why even if the 1st respondent undertook to pay for
the printing he should sign it. It is said that it was because the 1st
H
respondent asked Nichhatar Singh to pfoouce that paper in his offic:e
and get the paymc:nt. This .eason does not seem. to be a. good enough
one for the 1st rr,spondent signing Ext. P.W.1/4. Be that as it ·m!LY
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JAGIR SINGH v, J'ASDllV .SINGH (Alagiriswami, l.)
795
we have. no. doubt that. Ext. P.W.1/4 bears 1st respondent's signature·
and the whole evidence establishes beyond doubt that the 1st respondent got the pamphlet printed. He probably did not expect that the
. manuscript would reach the hands of the 2nd respondent.
It is in this coBI1ection that it is necessary to refer to the tape-recorded conversation. The 1st respondent had stated before the High
Court that the transcript of the tape-recorded conversation can be taken ·
as correct in so far as what he had spoken was concerned. The other
person concerned in the tape-recorded conversation was Bhagwant
Singh, the husband of the 2nd respondent, who was also her advocate
before the High Court. Though he admitted his part in the conversation
it would not be admissible in evidence because he was not examined as .
a witness. What he has stated there cannot be taken as an admission on
behalf of the 2nd respondent. Such admission can only relate to matters in issue before the Court, admissions prejudicial to the case of the
2nd respondent.
Leaving such questions aside for the moment one
thing that is obvious is that Ext. P.W.1/4 had reached the hands of
the 2nd respondent during--the course of the trial and the evidence of
Bedi Raghbir Singh that Nichhatar Singh gave it t<? him to be produced
in the Court is not true.. This conversation was relied upon by the·
learned advocate appearing on behalf of the 1st respondent as esta\).;
lishing that the 1st respondent was surprised and bewildered at the fact
that Ext. P.W.1/4 bore· his signature. We can see no such indication.
It is to be n:membered that when this conversation was being taperecorded Bhagwant Singh was not aware of it and therefore was talking freely what was in his mind whereas the 1st respondent was quite
conscious of what was going. on and that he was merely laying a trap
in order to trap Bhagwant Singh into saying something in his (1st res
pondent's) favour without being aware of it. t:rhe tape-recorded conver_sation is absolutely unhelpful to the 1st respondent's case.
Though there are certain suspicious Jeatures in this case which the
learned advocate for the 1st respondent tried to magnify and blow out
of all proportion so as to obscure the real picture, .we are satisfied that
the central point in the case as to the responsibility of the 1st respondent in getting the offending poster printed ·has been established beyond
alt,i:eafonable doubt. Once that is done the question of distribution
falls into its proper place.
According to the petitioners
the posters were distributed in the
villages Lalauchhi, Bakshiwala, Jhiil, Dhanauri, Kutabanpur, Bluma
Kheri, Saidipur, Rajla, 'Khuda Dadpur, Bathoi Kalan and Chhitera.
The distribution in Lalauchhi is spoken to by P.W. 2, an advocate,
Mr. Balwant Singh., His evidence is attacked on behalf of the 1st respondent by -5aying that he was the junior under the 2nd respondent's
husband but it is seen that that was some time ago and he had even
appeared ·against the husband of the 2nd r.espondent in a personal case.
So his evidence cannot be attacked on this basis. The 1st respondent
examined two advocates to prove that on the particular day when he
was said to have distributed the poster in Lalauchhi he was in Patiala.
Their evidence has been rightly disbelieved by the learned Judge. The
learned Judge has stated that both these advocates have merely lent
7 96
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
ll 9751 3 S.C.Fl.
th1emselves to prove a false plea of alibi.
The only criticism which the
learned Judge has made of the evidence of Mr. Balwant Singh is that
he is an Akali and his testimony cannot be accepted at its face va:luc
as he would be the last person to support the Congress candidate. We
are of opinion that this is the very reason why Mr. Balwant Singh's
.evidence should be accepted and not the contrary. We.are therefore
satisfied on evidence that the conclusion of the learned Judge on th~
point coulp not be accepted and the distribution in village Lalauchhi
must be held to have been proved.
As regards the distribution in village Bakshiwala, it is spoken to
by P.W. 3, an employee of the C.I.D. Punjab. His father owns land
irn that village. The 1st respondent produced R.W. 19 to show that
Sucha Singh, P.W. 3, did not come to him and in support of this he
'produced his register. Ext. R. W. 19/L The learned Judge's comment
on this register is "The less said about this register the better". R.W.
19 also admitted that there was a scuffie in the village and Sucha Singh
was injured. The learned Judge has held that R.W. 19's eviden~~ is
such that much reliance cannot be placed on him. R.W. 21 also adniits about the injury to Sucha Singh. In this state of evidence the
learned Judge has not recorded any finding about the distribution. of
the poster in village Bakshiwala. We are of opinion that the distribution has been satisfactorily established.
We do not therefore fed it
necessary to deal with the question of distribution in the other villages.
The 2nd respondent is a Hindu lady married to a Sikh gentleman.
Such marriages between Hindus and Sikhs have been very common.
Indeed it appears that till recent times the first son of most Hindu families in Punjab became a Sikh.
Still politics has driven a wedge between brothers. It has led to unfortunate situations like the one in th1'
case where because the 2nd respondent happens to be a Hindu lady
it was sought to be taken advantage of by the 1st respondent for his
election purposes. even though he and the 2nd respondent's husband
would seem to have been good friends.
The appeal is allowed and the election of the 1st respondent is :held
void. The appellants will get their costs from the 1st respondent..
V.P.S.
Appeal allowed.
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