# JANARDAN v. MAHARASHTRA STATE

- **Citation:** [1978] 3 S.C.R. 586
- **Court:** Supreme Court of India
- **Decided:** 1978-04-04
- **Case number:** Criminal Appeal No. 36 of 1972
- **Bench:** S. Murtaza Fazal Ali, P. N. Shinghal
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/janardan-v-maharashtra-state-7365
- **Pages:** 9

## Headnote

IJ0112b1;y Prevention of Ga1nbfi11g Act, (Boni. Act
IV
of
1887),
1887,
~
Section 6 read lVith Bon1bay Police Act, 1951 and S. 17 of Bombay
General
Clauses Act, 1886-Anibit, scope and interpretation of Section 6 of Gambling
Act-Whether the Assistant Con11nissioner of Police can validly issue search
warra111.
'fhe ar,pellant along with sixteen· others was convicted under section 4 of the
Gambling Act and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for two months and a
fine of Rs. 400/- or in default to suffer rigorous imprisonment for one month.
The appeUaut alone filed a revision before the High Court and an appeal to
this Court. by obtaining a certificate from the High Court. It was contended
that the 5carch warrant issued by the Assistant Commissioner which formed
the basis of his conviction was lega1ly invalid, and, therefore. the conviction
was not sustainable in law.
D:sn1issing the appeal, the Court
Per f~azal A Ii, J.
HELD : l. The conviction of the appelJant does not suffer from any infirn1ity and n1ust be upheld.
But having regard to the fact that the offence took
place more than ten years herein before, the interests of justice. do not require
that he should be sent back to ja!L
[592 B-C]
LWhilc maintaining the' sentence of fine awarded under both
the Courts
na1uely Secti0ns 4 and 5 of the Gambling Act, the sentences of imprisonment
were modified to the period already undergone]
2. It '"'-ould be seen fronJ__ a pen1sal of section 6 of the Gan1bling Act that
as the term 'Commissioner of Police' has not been defined any where in the Act
it cannot filer se include· an Assistant Commissioner and the provisions of the
Police Act which was passed long after the Gambling Act could not be pressed
into service, unless there was some other Act which could make the provisions
of the Pol-ice Act applicable to the Gambling Act.
Prilna facie, therefore, the
contention of the appellant seems to be tenable.
[589 G-H]
3. (a) Bombay General Clauses Act of 1886 was amended by Act I of
~
1904 which doubtless was an Act passed before the coming into force of the
- ,
Gambling Act Section 17 of the Bombay General Clauses Act \vhich remained unan1cnded even after the Amendment Act of 1904 runs thus :-
... r
"17(1) In any Bombay Act made after the con1menccment of this
Act it shall be sufficient for the purpose of indicating the application
of law to every person or number of persons for the time being execut~
ing the functions of an office, to mention the official title of the officer
at present executing the fu11ctions. or that of the officer by whom the
functions are commonly executed."
Analysing this definition it would appear that any official title of the officer
mentioned in any Act made after the General Clauses Act would deem by
fiction of law to include anv such official title referred to in any Act passed after
the General Clauses Act. Not only the official title but even the functions
executed by the said officer would also be deemed to .have been. exercised by
the officer designated in the subsequent Act The combined effect. therefore, of
f
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'
JANARDAN V. MAHARASHTRA STATE
587
"Section 6 o[ the (Jatnbling Act and Section 17(1) of the General Clauses 1\ct
A
'\vould be that lhe tcrn1 'Commissioner of Police' \\'OUld include all officers v,ibo
are executing: or perforn1ing the functions of the Commissioner of Police
as
defined or authorised under the latter Act, nan1ely, the Police Act.
[589 H. 590 CJ
(b) A perusal of section 11 of the Police Act leads
to
the
inescapable
.conclusion that an Assistant Commissioner appointed under sub-section ( 1) hi
to perforn1 such duties and functions as can be exercised under the L\ct or any
other JaVi--- for the titne being in force, which undoubtedly includes the Gambling
B
Act which was a lrl\v in force at the time when the Police Act v..·as
passed.
Apart from this the Assistant Com1nissioner could nlso perform those functions
which could be assigned to hi1n by the Commissioner under the
gc

## Text

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586
JANARDAN
l'-
STATE OF MAHARASHTRA
April 4, 1978
[S. MURTAZA FAZAL ALI AND P. N. SHINGHAL, JJ.]
IJ0112b1;y Prevention of Ga1nbfi11g Act, (Boni. Act
IV
of
1887),
1887,
~
Section 6 read lVith Bon1bay Police Act, 1951 and S. 17 of Bombay
General
Clauses Act, 1886-Anibit, scope and interpretation of Section 6 of Gambling
Act-Whether the Assistant Con11nissioner of Police can validly issue search
warra111.
'fhe ar,pellant along with sixteen· others was convicted under section 4 of the
Gambling Act and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for two months and a
fine of Rs. 400/- or in default to suffer rigorous imprisonment for one month.
The appeUaut alone filed a revision before the High Court and an appeal to
this Court. by obtaining a certificate from the High Court. It was contended
that the 5carch warrant issued by the Assistant Commissioner which formed
the basis of his conviction was lega1ly invalid, and, therefore. the conviction
was not sustainable in law.
D:sn1issing the appeal, the Court
Per f~azal A Ii, J.
HELD : l. The conviction of the appelJant does not suffer from any infirn1ity and n1ust be upheld.
But having regard to the fact that the offence took
place more than ten years herein before, the interests of justice. do not require
that he should be sent back to ja!L
[592 B-C]
LWhilc maintaining the' sentence of fine awarded under both
the Courts
na1uely Secti0ns 4 and 5 of the Gambling Act, the sentences of imprisonment
were modified to the period already undergone]
2. It '"'-ould be seen fronJ__ a pen1sal of section 6 of the Gan1bling Act that
as the term 'Commissioner of Police' has not been defined any where in the Act
it cannot filer se include· an Assistant Commissioner and the provisions of the
Police Act which was passed long after the Gambling Act could not be pressed
into service, unless there was some other Act which could make the provisions
of the Pol-ice Act applicable to the Gambling Act.
Prilna facie, therefore, the
contention of the appellant seems to be tenable.
[589 G-H]
3. (a) Bombay General Clauses Act of 1886 was amended by Act I of
~
1904 which doubtless was an Act passed before the coming into force of the
- ,
Gambling Act Section 17 of the Bombay General Clauses Act \vhich remained unan1cnded even after the Amendment Act of 1904 runs thus :-
... r
"17(1) In any Bombay Act made after the con1menccment of this
Act it shall be sufficient for the purpose of indicating the application
of law to every person or number of persons for the time being execut~
ing the functions of an office, to mention the official title of the officer
at present executing the fu11ctions. or that of the officer by whom the
functions are commonly executed."
Analysing this definition it would appear that any official title of the officer
mentioned in any Act made after the General Clauses Act would deem by
fiction of law to include anv such official title referred to in any Act passed after
the General Clauses Act. Not only the official title but even the functions
executed by the said officer would also be deemed to .have been. exercised by
the officer designated in the subsequent Act The combined effect. therefore, of
f
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JANARDAN V. MAHARASHTRA STATE
587
"Section 6 o[ the (Jatnbling Act and Section 17(1) of the General Clauses 1\ct
A
'\vould be that lhe tcrn1 'Commissioner of Police' \\'OUld include all officers v,ibo
are executing: or perforn1ing the functions of the Commissioner of Police
as
defined or authorised under the latter Act, nan1ely, the Police Act.
[589 H. 590 CJ
(b) A perusal of section 11 of the Police Act leads
to
the
inescapable
.conclusion that an Assistant Commissioner appointed under sub-section ( 1) hi
to perforn1 such duties and functions as can be exercised under the L\ct or any
other JaVi--- for the titne being in force, which undoubtedly includes the Gambling
B
Act which was a lrl\v in force at the time when the Police Act v..·as
passed.
Apart from this the Assistant Com1nissioner could nlso perform those functions
which could be assigned to hi1n by the Commissioner under the
gcncrnl
or
spccia! orders of the State Government.
[591 A-B]
4. Having regard to the con1bined reading of the provisions of section 17 4lf
the General Clauses Act and the Police Act the term 'Commissioner of Police'
appearing in section 6 of the Gambling Act would include c· .. en an
Assistant
Commissioner \Vho \Vas legally and Yalidly assigned the pO\Yers, functions and
duties of the Con1missioner of Police by the State Government under
section
10(2) of the Police Act. As the General Clauses Act \Vas a statute which was
passed before the Gan1bling Act can1e into force, section 17 of the
General
Clauses Act coul<l he called into aid to interpret the scope and ambit
of the
term 'Con1n1issioner of Police' as used in section 6 of the Gambling Act.
[591 E-F]
5. To contend that lhe power of assignn1ent of functions by the
Government given to the Commissioner of Police or the Assistant Commissioner of
Police· could be exercised only in respect of matters covered by the Police Act
.and not beyond that is to overlook the avowed object of section
17
of the
General Clauses Act ·which has been passed to resolve such anon1alies [1nd it is
not possible to construe the provisions of the Police Act in co1nplctc isolation by
ignoring the provisions of the General Clauses Act which undoubtedly applv
to the fac!s.:ln(l circun1stances of the present case.
[591 G-H. 592 Al
Per Shi111d1al_. J.
1. Sub-section (2) of s. 17 of the l30111b<1y
General
Clauses
Act.
1904.
specifically provides that the section applies also to all
Bo1nbay
Acts
mr11Je
before the con1mencen1ent of the Act. It would follow that section 17 ( l)
is
applicable to th~ present controversy under the Gambling Act of JR87.
Under
sub-~ection (1) it was therefore sufficient for the purpose of
indicaLing
the
application of a la\v to every person "for the time being executing the
functions of an office" to n1ention the official title of the officer ''at present executc
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ing 1he functions."
Accordingly it \vas enough to mention the "Commissioner
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of Police" by his official title for purposes of section 6 of the Gambling: Act as
he \Vas the functionary \Vho \Vas executing the functions referred
to
in the
section at the time when that Act can1e into force.
As section 17 of the Bombay General Clauses Act deals with the substitution of functionaries. it enabled
that functionary tu discharge the functions of the Commissioner of Police under
section 6(1) of the Gambling Act v.1ho \vas "for the time being executing the
function<>"' of that office.
Jn other words. as it \Vas the Commissioner of police
who ha<l the authority to issue the special warrant under section 6(.1) of the
Act v.·hen it cnn1e into force, it \VOuld be permissible for the Assistant Con1mis~
G
sioner of police to be substituted for that function:uy if it could be shown that
it was he who \vas executing the functions of the Comn1issioner of police on
the date of issue of the special \Varrant referred to above i.e. on Dccc1nber 25,
1967.
[593 D-GJ
2. Section 11(2) of the Bombay Police Act. 1961 provides that an 1\ssistant
Commissioner of Police shall exercise such pO\\'ers and perform such duties and
functions as can be exercised or performed under the provision of lhat Act or
any other law for the time being in force or as are assigned to hin1
by the
H
Commissioner under the general or special orders of the
State
Governn1ent.
The High Court has taken note in this connection of the State Government's
order dt.
'f\.f~rch 10, 1967. \vhich empO\vered a11 Commissioners of Police to
588
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1978] 3 S.C.R.
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assign to the Assistant Commission,ers of Police working under them any Qf
their powers, duties and functions not only under the Police Act but also uader
any other law for the time being in force.
It is also not disputed
that the
Commissioner of Police issued an order dated September 19, 1267 authorising
all Assistant Commissioners of Police working under
him
tO
issue
search
warrants under s. 6 of the Act to any Police Officer working under them not
below the rank of a Sub-Inspector. This was legally permissible and the High
Court did not commit any error in taking that view.
[594 A. C, E-F]
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CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No. 36
of 1972.
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From the Judgment and Order dated 8-11-1971 of the Bombay High
Court (Nagpur Bench)· at Nagpur in Criminal Revision Application
No. 39 of 1971.
S. K. Mehta and K. R. Nagaraja for the appellant.
M. C. Bhandare and M. N. Shroff for the Respondent.
The Judgments of the Court were delivered by
FAZAL Au, J, This appeal by certificate granted by the Bombay
High Court raises an interesting question of law as to the ambit, scope
and interpretation of section 6 of the Bombay Preventmn ot vamoung
Act, 1887 (Act No. N of 1887) (hereinafter referred to as the Gambling Act) read with the Bombay Police Act, 1951 (hereinafter referred
to as the Police Act).
The appellant along with others was convicted under section 4 of
E
the Gambling Act and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for two
months and a fine of Rs. 400/- or in default to suffer rigorous imprisonment for one month. He was also convicted under section 5 of the
Gambling Act and sentenced to 7 days rigorous imprisonment and a fine
of Rs. 50/-. 16 accused besides the appellant were convicted but the
appellant alone filed a revision before the High Conrt and an appeal
to this Court by obtaining a certificate from the High Court.
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The facts of the case are not in dispute and counsel for the appellant
has not raised any question relating to the merits of the case. In fact,
all the three courts have concurrently found that the offence against
the appellant has been established beyond any doubt and in view of
the concurrent finding of facts by the courts below there is no question
of arguing the case on merits.
One of the important points of law which was urged before the High
Court as also before thi's Con.rt was that the search warrant issued bv
the Assistant Commissioner which formed the basis of the conviction
of the appellant was legally invalid, and, therefore, the conviction was
not substainable in law. It was also argued before the High Court that
the search warrant did not contain a full and complete description· of
the hut where the game was being played but the High Court has rightly
repelled this contention on the ground that the search warrant contained
full description of the place and this finding was not assailed before us:
also.
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JANARDAN v. MAHARASHTJl.A STATE (Fazal Ali, J.)
58 9
Thus, the entire case turns upon the validity of the search warran_t issued by the Assjstant Commissioner. In this connection,_ it was subm1tt~d
before us that under section 6 of the Gambling Act 1t was lawful for
the Commissioner of Police to issue a search warrant but in the instant
case admittedly the search warrant was not issued by the Commissioner
of Police but by the Assistant Commissioner. It was contended_ that as
the Commissioner of Police has not been defined in the Gamblmg Act
w as to include an Assistant Commissioner any warrant issued by the
Assistant Commissioner were legally invalid nnd could not be acted
upon.
The High Court appears to have met this argument on the
ground that under_ the provisions ?f the Police. Act the term 'Com~1s
sioner of Police' mcludes an Assistant Comm1ss1oner, and, therefore,
the provisions of section 6 of the _G~mbling Act_ w,ere full". complied
with inasmuch as the word 'Comm1ss10ner of Pohce would mclude an
Assistant Commissioner also .
Learned counsel for the appellant however submitted that the view
taken by the High Court is legally erroneous because the definition of
the term 'Commissioner of Police' in the Police Act could not be importted into section 6 of the Gambling Act. First, the term 'Commissioner
of Police, was not defined in the Gambling Act and secondly,
the
Gambling Act was passed long before the Police Act came into force.
Jn our opinion, the argument put forward by learned counsel for the
appellant merits serious consideration. It is no donbt true that the
Garn bling Act does not at all contain any definition of the word 'Commissioner of Police'. In this connection, the relevant part of section, 6
-0f the Gambling Act runs thus :-
"It shall be lawful for the Commissioner of Police in the
City of Bombay, and elsewhere for any Magistrate of the
First Class or any District Superintendent of Police or for any
Assistant superintendent empowered by Government in this
behalf, upon any complaint made before him on oath, that
there is reason to suspect any house, room or place to be used
a common gaming-house, and upon satisfying himself after
such enquiry as he may think necessary that there are gcod
grounds for such suspicion, to give authority, by special warrant under his hand, when in his discretion he shall think fit,
to any Inspector, or other superior officer of Police, of not less
rank than a chief constable .. .' ........... "
It would be seen from a perusal of section 6 of the Gambling Act
that as the term 'Commissioner of Police' has not been defined
any
where in the Act it cannot per se include an Assistant Commissioner
and the provisions of the Police Act which was passed long after the
Gambling Act could not be pressed into service, unless there was some
other Act which could make the provisions of the Police Act applicable to the Gambling Act. Prima facie, therefore, the contention of the
appellant seems to be tenable. Our attention has however been drawn
to the Bombay General Clauses Act of 1886 as amended by Act I of
1904 which doubtless was an Act passed before the coming into force
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SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[ 1978] 3 S.C.R.
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of the Gambling Act, Section 17 of the Bombay General Clauses Act
which remained unamended even after the Amendment Act of 1904
runs thus:-
B
"17 (I) In any Bombay Act made after the commencement of this Act it shall be sufficient for the purpose of indicating the application of a law to every person or number of
persons for the time being executing the functions of an office.
to mention th(l official title of the officer at present executing
the functions, or that of the officer by whom the functions arc
commonly executed",
Analysing this definition it would appear that any oi!icial title of the
officer mentioned in any Act made after the General Clauses Act would
C
deem by fiction of law to include any such official title referred to in
any Act passed after the General Clauses Act.
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Frnthermore, not only the official title but even the functions executed by the said officer would also be deemed to have been exercised by
the oflicer designated in tire subsequent Act. The combined effect, therefore, of section 6 of the Gambling Act and section 17 (I) of the General
Clauses Act would be that the term 'Commissioner of Police' would
include all officers who are executing or perfmming the functions of
the Commissioner of Police as defined or authorised under the latter
Act, namely, the Police Act. It would thus be seen that sub-section ( 6)
of section 2 of the Police Act clearlv mentions that the term 'Commissioner of Police' would include' an Assistant Commissioner. Thus subsection ( 6) runs thus :
"2. In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the
subject or context :
*
*
( 6) .. , ...... , .. A Commissioner of Police including
an Additional Commissioner of Police, A Deputy Inspector
General of Police (including the Director of Police Wireless
and Deputy Inspector General of Police appointed under section 8A), a Deputy Commissioner of Police and Assistant
Commissioner of Police ............ "
Section 11 of the Police Act runs thus :
"11 ( 1) The State Government may appoint (or any area
for which a Commissioner of Police has been appointed under
section 7 such number of Assistant Com1nissioners of Police as
it may think expedient.
(2) An assistant Commissioner appointed under
subsection (I) shall exercise such powers and perform such duties
and functions as can be exercised or performed under the
provisions of this Act or any other law for the time being in
force or as are assigned to him by the Commissioner under
the general or special orders of State Government".
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JANARDAN v. MAHARASHTRA STATE (Fazal Ali, !.)
5.91
A perusal of section 11 of the Police Act leads to the inescapable conclusion that an Assistant Conunissioner apPointed under sub-section ( 1)
is to perform such duties and functions as can exercised under
the
Act or any other law for the time being in force, which undoubtedly
includ~ the Gambling Act which was a Jaw in force at the time when
the Police Act was passed.
Apart from this the Assistant Commissioner could also perform those functions which could be assigned to
him by the Commissioner under the general or special orders of the
State Government.
The provision for assignment of powers by the
Government to the Commissioner are contained in section 10(2) of the
Police Act which runs thus :
"10(2) Every such Deputy Commissoner shall, under the
orders of the Commissioner, exercise and perform any of the
powers, functions· and duties of the Commissioner to be exercised or performed by him under the provisions of this Act
or any other law for the time being in force in accordance with
the general or special orders of the State Government made
in this behalf".
The High Court has found as a fact that there was a notification
by the State Government dated 10th March, 1967 by which all the Assist1nt Commissioners of Police including that of Nagpur were conferred
'powers and functions of the Commissioner of Police.
Thus, in the
instant case at the time when the offence was cormnitted two things had
happened, (1) that in Nagpur where the offence had taken place t11ere
was a Commissioner of Police, and (2) that the Commissioner of Police
had been conferred the power by the Govermnent Notification to assign
his functions, PoWers and duties to the Assistant Commissioner.
Jn
these circumstances, therefore, we do not find any difficulty in acceptin,g
the contention of the respondent that having regard to the combined
reading of the provisions of section 17 of the General Clauses Act and
the Police Act the term 'Commissioner of Police' appearing in section
6 of he Gambling Act would include even an Assistant Commissioner
who was legally and validly assigned the powers, functions and duties
of the Commissioner of Police by the State Government under section
10(2) of the Police Act. As the General Clauses Act was a statute
which wa's passed before the Gambling Act came into force. section l 7
o( the General Clauses Act could be called into aid to interpret the
scope and amoit of the term 'Commissioner of Police' as used
in
section 6 of the Gambling Act.
Learned counsel for the appellant however submitted that the
power of assigument of functions by the Government given to the Commissioner of Police or the Assistant Commissioner could be exercised
only in respect of matters covered by the Police Act and not beyond
that. I am however unable to agree with this contention which completely overlooks the avowed object of section 17 of the General Clauses.
Act which ha§ been passed to resolve such. anomalies and it is not
possible to constrne the provisions of the police Act
in
complete
isolation by ignoring the provisions of the General Clauses Act which
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SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1978] 3 S.C.R.
undoubtedly apply to the facts and circumstances of the present case.
For these reasons, therefore, the second contention put forward by the
appellant also fails.
I am, therefore, satisfied that the conviction of the appellant does
not sutler from any infirmity but having regard to the fact that the
offence took place more than 10 years hereinbefore I feel that the interests of justice do not require that the appellant should be sent back to
jail. I would, therefore, while upholding t_[ie conviction of the appellant
under sections 4 and 5 of the Gambling Act reduce the sentence of
imprisonment to the period already served maintaing the sentence of
fine awarded under both the counts, namely, sections 4 and 5 of the
Gambing Act. With this modification only the appeal is dismissed.
SHINGHAL, J., While} agree with the conclusion arrived at by my
brother Fazal Ali, I would like to state my reasons for the same.
This appeal by a certificate of the Bombay High Court is directed
against its judgment dated November 8, 1971, by which it dismissed
the petition for revising t11e appellate judgment of the Additional Sessions Judge of Nagpur upholding the conviction of the revision petitioner. The trial court convicted appellant Janardhan of an offence under
section 4 of the Bombay Prevention of Gambling Act, 1887, hereinafter
referred to as the Act, and sentenced hin1 to rigorous imprisonment for
two months and a fine of Rs. 400 /-, or in default of payment of fine
· to undergo further rigorous imprisonment for one month. The remaining accused (except accused No. 15) were convicted of an offence under
section 5 of the Act, and were sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for
7 days and a fine of Rs. 50/- each. This appeal relates to appellant
Janardhan.
It was alleged against the appellant that he was keeping a common
gaming house in a hut in Nagpur which was in his occupation. The
Assistant Commissioner of Police issued a special warrant of entry and
search under section 6 of the Act on December 25, 1967. which was
valid upto December 31, 1967, empowering the Police Inspector to
enter and search the appellant's hut as it was suspected to be used as
common. gaming house.
This was done by the Police Inspector on
Decen1ber'27, 1967, when he found that the other accused were indulging in gaming and the appellant was accepting the nal.
They were
accordingly apprehended and were challenged and convicted as aforesaid.
It. has been argued before us that t11e special warrant under section 6
of the Act, referred to above, could be issued only by the Commissioner
of Police, and not by the As·sistant Commissioner of Police, so that the
warrant under which the entry and the search were made in the appellant's hut was unauthorised and invalid and that the High Court erred
in taking a contrary view.
~
Section 6(1) (i) of the Act with which we are concerned in this
case provides for entry and search in gaming houses, inter alia, by tb~
following Police Officers,-
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JANARDAN v. MAHARASHTRA STATE (Shinghal, J.)
593
"6(1) (i) in any area for which a Commissoner of Police
A
has been appointed not below the rank of a Sub-Inspector and
either empowered by general order in writing or authorised in
each case by special warrant issued by the Commissioner of
Police, ........ "
~
The expression "Commissioner of Police" has however not
been
defined in the Act.
The Bombay General Clauses Act, 1904, does not also define the
expression "Commissioner of Police." Section 17 of that Act appears
under the rubric "Powers and Functionaries" and reads as follows,-
"17. (1) In any Bombay Act or Maharashtra Act made after
the commencement of this Act it shall be sufficient
for the purpose of indicating the application of a law
to every person or number of persons for the
time
being executing the functions of an oHice, to mention
the official title of the officer at present executing the
functions, or that of the officer by whom the functions are commonly executed."
Sub-section (2) of the section specifically provides that the section applies also to all Bombay Acts made before the commencement
of the Bombay General Clauses Act, 1904.
It
would therefore
follow that section 17 (1) is applicable to the present controversy.
Under sub-section (1) of section 17 it was therefore sufficient for the
purpose of indicating the application of a law to every person "for
the time being executing the functions of an office" to mention
the
official title of the officer "at present executing the functions".
Accordingly it was sufficient to mention the "Commissioner of Police"
by his official title for purposes of section 6 of the Act as he was the
functionary who was executing the functions referred to in the section
at the time when the Act came into force.
As section 17 of the
Bombay General Clauses Act deals with the substitution of functionaries, it enabled that functionary to discharge the functions of
the
Commissioner of Police under section 6(1) of the Act who was "for
the time being executing the functions" of that office.
In other words,
as it was the Commissioner of Police who had the authority to issue
the special warrant under section 6(1) of the Act when it came into
force, it would be permissible for the Assistant Commissioner
of
Police to be substituted for that functionary if it could be shown that
it was he who was executing the functions of the Commissioner
of
Police on the date of issue of the special warrant referred to above i.e.
on December 25, 1967.
•
It remains for consideration whether the A<Sistant Commissioner
of Police could be said to be execu'.ing the functions of the Commissioner of Police under section 6(1) of the Act at the time when he
issued the special warrant.
Reference in this connection may
be
made to section 11 (2) of the Bombay Police Act, 1951, which provides as follows,--
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594
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[ 1978] 3 s.c.R.
"11 (2) . An
Assistant Commissioner appointed under
sul.rsection (I) $II.all exercise such powers and perform
such duties and funct'ons as can be exercised or performed
under the provisions of this Act or any other Jaw for the
time being in force or as are assigned to him by the Commissioner under the General or Special orders of the State
Government.''
It was therefore permissible for the Assistant Commissioner
of
Police not only to exercise such powers and perform such duties and
functions as he could, in terms, exercise or perform under the provisions of the Bombay Police Act, or any other law for the time being
in force, but also the duties and functions assigned to him by
the
Commissioner of Police under the general or special orders of
the
State Government.
The High Court has taken note in this connection of the State Government Order No. AP0-2463-C-2896-(III)-
(E)-V, dated March 10, 1967, which empowered all Commissioner~
of Police to assign to the Assistant Commissioners of Police working
under them any of their powers, duties and functions not only under
the provisions of the Bombay Police Act, 1951, but also under any
other law for the time being in force.
The existence of such
an
order has not in fact been challenged before us.
The Assistant Commissioner of Poliee was therefore the functionary who could, by virtue
of sec'.ion 17 of the Bombay General Clauses Act, discharge the fonctions of the Commissioner of Police under section 6(1) of the Act
in the matter of issuing a special warrant like the one issued in
the
present case.
It is also not disputed that the Commissioner of Police
issued Order No. 2036 dated September 19, 1967, authorising
all
Assistant Commissioners of Police working under him to issue search
warrants under section 6 of the Act to any Police Officer working
under them not below the rank of a Sub-Inspector of Police.
As has
been shown, thls was legally permissible, and it is futile to contend
that the High Court erred in rejecting the appellant's contention
to
the contrary.
F
It however appears that in a matter like this, when a period
of
more than 7 years has gone by since the appellant's conviction,
it
would not be necessary to send him back to prison.
While therefore the appellant's conviction is upheld, the sentence is reduced
to
the imprisonment already undergone by him without, however, making any change in the sentence of fine and the imprisonment which
has been ordered in default of its payment.
With this modification
G
the appeal fails and j, d 'smisscd.
S. R.
.4ppenl dismissed.
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