# KATRA EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY v. STATE OF UITAR PRADESH" ORS

- **Citation:** [1966] 3 S.C.R. 328
- **Court:** Supreme Court of India
- **Decided:** 1966
- **Bench:** P.B. Gajendragadkar, J.C. Shah, S.M. Sikri, V. Ramaswami, P. Satyanarayana Raju Jj
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/katra-educational-society-v-state-of-uitar-pradesh-ors-3709
- **Pages:** 11

## Headnote

Intermediate Educaiion Act ( U.P. 2 of 1921) as amended by Act 35
of 1958-Yalidity of ss. 16A to 161-Sections whether unreaso1uible, ducriminatory-Whetlrer within legislative power of State Legislature.
The appellant-a society registered
under the Societies Regislration
Act 21 of 1860--<>lnducled an educational institution at Allahabad in
Ultar Pradesh.
Management of the affairs of the society was entrusted
by the memorandum of association to an Executive Commiuee whose membership was confined to members of the Society.
Under the Intermediate
Education Act (U.P. Act 2 of 1921) provision was made for establishing
a Board with powers to regulate High School and Intermediate Education.
This Act was amended by U.P. Act 35 of 1958. By s. 7 of the amending
Act which came into force on January 23, 1959, ss. 16A to 161,
were
incorporated into U.P. Act 2 of 1921.
By leuer dated September 12,
1960, lhe Regional Inspector of Girls Schools called upon lhe Society
to submit and get approved a scheme of Adminislration of lhe institution
managed by it. The society thereupon presented a petition under Art. 226
of the Cons1i1u1ion for the issue of a wril quashing the orders of the
Regional Inspector and requiring the authorities not to enforce the provi.
sions of ss. 16A lo 161. The High Court dismissed the petition. In il.9
appeal to this Court it was contended on behalf of the Society that
(I) The amending Act of 1958 was inoperative to the exlent to which it
sought 10 impose controls upon the management of an educational institution registered under the Societies Registration Act and thereby directly
trenched upon legislative power conferred by Entry 44 of List I and Entries
10 and 18 of List Ill. (2) Section 16I
was
discriminatory inasmuch
as it conferred uncontrolled pow.,,r on the Regional Deputy Director of
Education. (3) The provisions of s. 168(3) read withs. 16D(3)(a) and
(b) were unreasonable. ( 4) Section 160( 4) invaded the society's right
to property guaranteed by Arts. 19 and 31 of the Constitution.
(5) The
provisions in question made unlawful d~crimination between private and
State institutions.
HELD :
(i) The impugned legislation does not fall under Enlry 44
of List I.
A
B
c
D
E
F
Board of Trustees v. State of Delhi, A.J.R. 1962 S.C.
458,
applied.
G
It cannot also he said that the pith and substance of the impugned
Act relates to charities and charitable institutions or to trusts and trustees.
The true nature and character of the Act falls within the express legislative power conferred by Entry 11 of List II and merely because it inci·
dentally trenches upon or affected a charitable institution or the powers
of the trustee. of the institution it will not on that account be beyond the
legislative authority of the State.
[333 E-GJ
H
(ii) Section 16F(4) is enacted in the interest of the students of the
Institution.
Vl'hen the Educational Authorities do not accept the .uitability of a person selected by the management on two successive occa328
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...
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330
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1966] 3 S.C.R.
to conduct examinations at the end of the High School and
Intermediate courses, to recognize institutions for purposes of its
examinations, and to do all such other acts and things as may
be requisite in order to further the objects of the Board. This Act
was amended by the U.P. Act 35 of 1958. By s. 7 of the amending
Act which came into force on January 23, 1959, ss. 16A to 161
were incorporated into U.P. Act 2 of 1921. Bys. 8 the State
Government was authorised to promulgate Regulations in respect
of matters rovered by ss. l 6A to 161.
By letter dated September 12, 1960 the Regional Inspector
of Girls Schools, Hird Region, Allahabad called upon the Society
to submit and get approved a Scheme of Administration of the
institution managed by it. The Society thereupon
presented
a petition under Art. 226 of the Constitution in the High Court
of Judicature at Allahabad for the issue of a writ quashing the
orders passed by the

## Text

KATRA EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY
v.
STATE OF UITAR PRADESH" ORS.
Janu11ry 17, 1966
[P.B. GAJENDRAGADKAR, C.J., J.C. SHAH, S.M. SIKRI,
V. RAMASWAMI AND P. SATYANARAYANA RAJU JJ.j
Intermediate Educaiion Act ( U.P. 2 of 1921) as amended by Act 35
of 1958-Yalidity of ss. 16A to 161-Sections whether unreaso1uible, ducriminatory-Whetlrer within legislative power of State Legislature.
The appellant-a society registered
under the Societies Regislration
Act 21 of 1860--<>lnducled an educational institution at Allahabad in
Ultar Pradesh.
Management of the affairs of the society was entrusted
by the memorandum of association to an Executive Commiuee whose membership was confined to members of the Society.
Under the Intermediate
Education Act (U.P. Act 2 of 1921) provision was made for establishing
a Board with powers to regulate High School and Intermediate Education.
This Act was amended by U.P. Act 35 of 1958. By s. 7 of the amending
Act which came into force on January 23, 1959, ss. 16A to 161,
were
incorporated into U.P. Act 2 of 1921.
By leuer dated September 12,
1960, lhe Regional Inspector of Girls Schools called upon lhe Society
to submit and get approved a scheme of Adminislration of lhe institution
managed by it. The society thereupon presented a petition under Art. 226
of the Cons1i1u1ion for the issue of a wril quashing the orders of the
Regional Inspector and requiring the authorities not to enforce the provi.
sions of ss. 16A lo 161. The High Court dismissed the petition. In il.9
appeal to this Court it was contended on behalf of the Society that
(I) The amending Act of 1958 was inoperative to the exlent to which it
sought 10 impose controls upon the management of an educational institution registered under the Societies Registration Act and thereby directly
trenched upon legislative power conferred by Entry 44 of List I and Entries
10 and 18 of List Ill. (2) Section 16I
was
discriminatory inasmuch
as it conferred uncontrolled pow.,,r on the Regional Deputy Director of
Education. (3) The provisions of s. 168(3) read withs. 16D(3)(a) and
(b) were unreasonable. ( 4) Section 160( 4) invaded the society's right
to property guaranteed by Arts. 19 and 31 of the Constitution.
(5) The
provisions in question made unlawful d~crimination between private and
State institutions.
HELD :
(i) The impugned legislation does not fall under Enlry 44
of List I.
A
B
c
D
E
F
Board of Trustees v. State of Delhi, A.J.R. 1962 S.C.
458,
applied.
G
It cannot also he said that the pith and substance of the impugned
Act relates to charities and charitable institutions or to trusts and trustees.
The true nature and character of the Act falls within the express legislative power conferred by Entry 11 of List II and merely because it inci·
dentally trenches upon or affected a charitable institution or the powers
of the trustee. of the institution it will not on that account be beyond the
legislative authority of the State.
[333 E-GJ
H
(ii) Section 16F(4) is enacted in the interest of the students of the
Institution.
Vl'hen the Educational Authorities do not accept the .uitability of a person selected by the management on two successive occa328
··-
•
•
. -
...
...
• ...

330
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1966] 3 S.C.R.
to conduct examinations at the end of the High School and
Intermediate courses, to recognize institutions for purposes of its
examinations, and to do all such other acts and things as may
be requisite in order to further the objects of the Board. This Act
was amended by the U.P. Act 35 of 1958. By s. 7 of the amending
Act which came into force on January 23, 1959, ss. 16A to 161
were incorporated into U.P. Act 2 of 1921. Bys. 8 the State
Government was authorised to promulgate Regulations in respect
of matters rovered by ss. l 6A to 161.
By letter dated September 12, 1960 the Regional Inspector
of Girls Schools, Hird Region, Allahabad called upon the Society
to submit and get approved a Scheme of Administration of the
institution managed by it. The Society thereupon
presented
a petition under Art. 226 of the Constitution in the High Court
of Judicature at Allahabad for the issue of a writ quashing the
orders passed by the Regional Inspector of Girls Schools and requiring the State of U.P., the Director of Education, the Regional
Inspector of Girls Schools and the Board of High School and Intermediate Education, who were respectively respondents Nos. 1 to 4,
not to enforce the provisions of ss. I 6A to 161 as originally enacted
or aa modified by the Removal of Difficulties Orders issued under
•· 9 of the amending Act. Jt was submitted by the Society that ss.
16A to 161 were not within the competence of the State Legislature,
and also because they infringed the fundamental rights of the
Society guaranteed by Arts. 14, 19(1) (c), 19(1) (f) and 31 of the
Constitution. It was urged that by the Act unreasonable restrictions were imposed on the management of educational institutioas and the Act conferred unguided and untrammelled powen
upon executive authorities, no distinction having been made between
"well-managed and badly-managed" institutions. The High Court
rejected the contentions raised by the Society. With special leave.
the Society has appealed to this Court.
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The effect of ss. 16A to 161 which were added to the U.P.
...
Act 2 of 1921 by the amending Act 35 of 1958 is briefly this. For
every institution there shall be a Scheme of Administration which
shall amongst other matters provide for the constitution of a Committee of Management vested with authority to manage and conduct
the affairs of the institution, and which shall describe the powers,
G
duties and functions of the Headmaster or the Principal and of the
Committee of Management in relation to the institution and that
the Headmaster or the Principal of the institution and two teache~
thereof selected by rotation according to seniority shall be exoffici9 members of the Committee with a right to vote : (s. 16A).
\..
In the case of an institution recognized at the date of commence11
ment of the Intermediate Education (Amendment) Act, 1958, a
draft of the Scheme of Administrntion shall be prepared and submitted to the Director for his approYal: (s.16B); and if the Scheme
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JC, B, SOC!BTY v, U. P, STATB (Shah, J.)
331
of Administration is not submitted within the time allowed, the
Director shall take action in accordance with cl. (a) or (b) of sub-s.
(3) of s. 16 D: (s. 16C). The Director is authorised to inspect
recognized institutions and to remove defects or deficiencies found
on inspection or otherwise and if the management fails to comply
with any directions the Director may, after considering the explanation or representation, if any, given or made by the management,
refer the case to the Board for withdrawal of recognition or recommend to the State Government to proceed against the institution
In the manner provided by sub-s. (4) of s. 16. Jf on receipt of
a recommendation, the State Government is satisfied that the affairs
of the institution are being mismanaged, or the management of
the institution has wilfully or persistently failed in the perfor·
mancc of its duties, or the institution is being conducted otherwise
than in accordance with the Scheme of Administration, or the draft
of the Scheme of Administration has not ·been submitted within
the time allowed, the State Government may by order provide
for exercising control over such institution by an
Authorized
Controller for such period as may be specified by the Government,
and on the making of such order the institution and its management shall, so long as the order continues, in force, be conducted
and carried on in accordance with the provisions of the order,
and every person having any function of management of such
institution shall comply with such directions. Where the manage
ment or any person having any function of management does
not comply with or refuses to carry out any direction given by the
Authori7.ed Controller, that Officer may, with the previous approval
of the State Government and for such period as the State Govern·
ment may fix, take over the management of the institution including
management of the land, buildings, funds and other assets belonging to or vested in the institution, to the exclusion of the management or any such person and wherever the Authorized Controller
so takes over the management he shall have in relation to the
management of the institution all such powers and authority a>
the management would have if the institution were not taken over
under sub-ss. (4) or (5) : (s. 16D). Qualifications for appointment as Principals, Headmasters and teachers of different subjects
shall be prescribed by regulation and there shall be constituted in
every recognized institution a Selection Committee for selecting
candidates for appointment as teachers in the institution: (s. 16E).
Qualifications which the Principal or Headmaster or teacher shall
possess, and the procedure for appointment of selected candidates
to the office of Principal or Headmaster or teacher are also to be
prescribed : (s. 16F). Every person employed in a recognised
institution shall be governed by such conditions of service as may
be prescribed by Regulations and any agreement between the mana·
gement and such employee insofar as it is inconsistent with the
provisions of the Act or with the Regulations shall be void: the
332
SUPREME COURT llEPOllTS
· [1966] 3 S.C.R.
Regulatior_i~ shall inter a/ia _Provide for the period of probation,
the coadU10ns of confirmation and the procedure and conditions
for promotion and punishment, scales of pay and
payment of
salaries, transfer of service from one rccogni7.ed institution to another, grant of leave and Provident Fund and other benefits and
maintenance of record of work and service etc. The Committee
of Management may not remove or dismiss from service or reduce
in rank or reduce the emoluments of any Principal, Headmaster
or teacher except with the prior approval in writing of the Inspector:
(s. 16G). Bys. 16H the provisions of ss. 16A, 16B, 16C, sub-ss. (2)
to (7) of s. 16 D and ss. 16E, 16F and 16G are not to apply to recognized institutions maintained by the State Government or the
Central Government and in
the case of recognized institutions
maintained by a local body, the State Government may declare
that all or any of those provisions shall not apply or shall apply
subject to such alterations, modifications or additions as it may
make. The Director may by notification in the Official Gazette
delegate all or any of the powers which he exercises under the Act
except certain powers: s. l 6I.
Some of these provisions have been amended from time to
time by orders issued under s. 9 of the amending Act. For reasons
which we will presently set out, we do not propose in this appeal
to enter upon the question whether the amendments were validly
made. We have referred to the act as it was originally enacted.
Counsel for the Society contends that the amending Act insofar as it incorporates ss. 16A to 161 in the U.P. Act 2 of 1921 is
beyond the legislative competence of the State Legislature, because
in substance it seeks to supersede the provisions of the Societies
Registration Act, 1860-a field of legislation which is exclusively
within the competence of the Parliament-and in any event because the Act insofar as it affects the powers of trustees of charitable institutions cannot be enacted without conforming to the
requirements of Art. 254.
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Management of the affairs of the Society was entrusted by Its
memorandum of association to the Executive Committee, but the
Society is required bys. 16A to submit a Scheme of Administration
providing for the constitution of a Committee of Management
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invested with authority to manage and conduct the affairs of the
Society, and of this Committee of Management the Headmaster
or the Principal and two teachers selected by rotation are ex officio
members. The Director has the power to inspect the School and
to interfeit with the management calling upon them to remove any
defect or deficiency found on inspection, and the State Government
H
is empowered to appoint an Authorized Controller to exercise with
respect to the institution and its management such functions or
control as may be specified in the order of the State Government.
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K. E. SOCIETY v. U. P. STATE (Shah, J.)
333
In the matter of appointment and removal of the Principal or the
Headmaster, and teachers the authority of the Executive Conimitttee- of the Society is restricted. Management of the affairs since
the enactment of the amending Act ha_s therefore to be carried on
not in accordance with the memorandum of association of tile
Society, but in accordance with and subject to the provisions of ss.
16A to 161 as added by the amending Act.
Power of the State Legislature to legislate under the head
"education including Universities" in Entry 11 of List II of the 7th
Schedule would prima facie include the power to impose restrictions on the management of educational institutions in matters
relating to education. The pith and substance of the impugned
legislation being in regard to the field of education within the
competence of the State Legislature, authority to legislate in respect of the maintenance of control over educational institutions
imparting higher secondary education and for that purpose to make
provisions for proper administration of the educational institutions
was not denied. But it was said that the impugned Act is inoperative to the extent to which it seeks to impose controls upon the
management of an educational institution registered under the
Societies Registration Act and managed through trustees, and
thereby directly trenches upon legislative power conferred by Entry
44 of List I and Entries 10 & 18 of List III. This argument has
no substance. This Court has in Board of Trwtu1 v.
State of
Delhi oi held that legislation which deprives the Board of Management of a Society registered under the Societies Registration Act
of the power of management and creates a new Board does not
fall within Entry 44 of List I, but falls under Entry 32 of List II,
for by registration under the Societies Registration Act the Society
does not acquire a corporate status. It cannot also be said that
the pith and substance of the Act relates to charities or charitable institutions, or to trusts or trustees. If the true nature and
character of the Act falls within the express legislative power conferred by Entry 11 of List II, merely because it incidentally trenches
upon or affects a charitable institution, or the powers of trustees
of the institution, it will not on that account be beyond the legislative authority of the State. The impact of the Act upon the rights
of the trustees or the management of a charitable institution is
purely incidental, the true object of the legislation being to provide
for rontrol over educational institutions. The amending Act was
therefore within the competence of the State Legislature and the
fact that it incidentally affected the powers of the trustees or the
management in respect of educational institutions which may be
regarded as charitable, could not detract from the validity of the
exercise of that power.
(1) AJ.R. 1962 S. C. 4S8.
334
SUPREME COURT
REPORTS
[1966] 3 S.C.R.
The plea that certain specific provisions were invalid as
infringing Aris. 19, 31 and 14 may now be considered. Section
16F (4) was challenged as conferring an uncontrolled power upon
the Regional Deputy Director of Education.
By that provision.
whco a recommendation for appointment of a teacher or a Principal
or Headmaster made by the management has been rejecied and
another selection made is again disapproved after representation
of the management ii; considered, the Regional Deputy Director
of Education in case of a teacher, and the Director in case of a
Principal or Headmaster, may appoint any qualified person out of
the list of candidates applying for the vacancies and such appointment is made final.
It is clear that the selection of teachers and
principals or headmasters is in the first instance left to the Committee of Management. But the exercise of the power is subject to
approval of the Education Authorities. The Educational Authorities may reject the selection after considering the repr=ntation of
the management. The Selection Committee would then have
power to make another recommendation. If that second recommendation alio be not accepted after considering the representation
made by the management, power is conferred upon the
Educational Authoritie1 to make appointments of qualified persons
out of the list of candidates applying for the vacancies.
But the
person to be so appointed must possess the prescribed qualifications, and his name must be included in the list of candidates
applying for the vacancy. The provision is enacted in the interest
of the students of the institution.
Where the Educational Authorities do not accept the suitability of a person selected by the management on two successive occasions in respect of the same vacancy,
the Educational Authorities have been given the power to fill up
the vacancy. It is implicit in the provision that the power has to
be e11ercised by the Educational Authority in the interest of the
institution and for serving the cause of education, and it cannot
be said that the power conferred is uncontrolled.
It was then urged that the provisions of s. 16B(3) read with s.
16(d) (3) (a) & (b) are unreasonable provisions. Bys. 16 D power
is given to the Director to inspect recognized institutions and
to direct removal of defects. If the management fails to comply
with the directions made by the Director, that Officer may after
considering the explanation or representation, if any, given or
made by the management, refer the case to the Board for withdrawal
of recognition or recommend to the State Government to proceed
against the institution under sub-s.
(4) and the powers which the
State Government may exercise after being satisfied that the affairs
of the in~titution are being mismanaged or that the management
has wilfully or persistently failed in the performance of its duties,
include the power to appoint an Authorised Controller to ~anage
the affairs of the institution for such period as may he specified by
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K. E. SOCIETY V. U. P. STATE (Shah, J.)
335
the Government. The provision is disciplinary and enacted for
~ecuring the best interests of the students. The State in a democratic set-up is vitally interested in securing a healthy system of
imparting education for its coming generation of citizens, and if
the m1magement is recalcitrant and declines to afford facilities for
enforcement of the provisions enacted in the interests of the students,
11 provision authorising the State Government to enter upon the
management through its Authorized Controller cannot be regarded
ns unreasonable.
Section 16B (3) authorises the State Government to take
action under s. 160 (3) in the event of the Scheme of Administration not being submitted. The basis of an effective exercise of the
controls
envisaged by the amending provisions is the Scheme of
Administration for educational institutions. If with a view to prevent enforcement of the
provisions of the Act the management
seeks to nullify the control envisaged by the provisions of the Act
by the State Government, a provision whereby compliance with the
requirements of the statute may be secured cannot also be regarded
as unreasonable.
It was then urged that property of the Society is taken away
under s. 160 ( 4) if the Scheme of Administration is not submitted
within the time allowed, and the Authorized Controller is appointed
by the Government pursuant to a recommendation made under
sub-s. (3) of s. 160. But on a plain reading of the terms of s.
160 (4) it is clear that the powers contemplated to be entrusted
to the Authorized Controller are merely of management. Management of the institution in respect of which an Authorized Controller
has been appointed has to be conducted and carried on in accordance
with the directions given by the Authorized Controller.
The
property continues to remain the property of the institution: only
the right of management of the recalcitrant managers is taken
away temporarily to secure compliance with the provisions of the
Act. Temporary deprivation of management to secure compliance
with the provisions of the Education Act does not amount to deprivation of property of the educational institution which may attract
the protection guaranteed by Art. 19 or Art. 31 of the Constitution.
It was the• urged that unlawful discrimination is made between
educational institutions maintained. by private citizens and institutions maintained by the State Government or the Central Government or local bodies. On that part of the case it may be noticed
that the petition filed by the Society is singularly defective: it is
baldly averred in the petition that the provisions of s. 16H are
ultra vires of the U.P. Legislature as they are discriminatory and
infringe the guarantee of the fundamental freedom under Art. 14
of the Constitution. Section 16H exempts all recognized educa.
336
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
(1966] 3 S.CR.
tional institutions maintained by the State Government and the
Central Government from the operation of certain specified provisions of the Act and in the case of recognized institutions
maintained by a local body the State Government may declare that
all or any of those provisions shall not apply or shall apply subject
to such alterations, modifications or additions as it may make.
Prima facie, there is a justifiable classification between the privately
managed educational institutions and those maintained by the
State Government, the Central
Government and local bodies.
To claim the protection of Art. 14 it must be shown that persons
differently treated are similarly situated and discrimination is made
with an uneven hand. In the petition, no particulars are furnished
as to why the classification made is not based on a rational basis
having relation to the objects sought to be achieved thereby. In
the affidavit which has been filed on behalf of the State by the Deputy Director of Education it is stated that since the termination of
the Second World War there was a marked increase in the number
of private schools imparting higher secondary education and there
were many complaints against the management of those schools, and
discontentment among the teachers was rife. A Committee appointed by the State Government to enquire into the conditions of the
private institutions was of the view that the managing committees of
the private schools as then constituted were unsatisfactory as many
of them were ridden by factions and they had failed to give a sense
of security to teachers, that it was necessary that teachers should
have a right of representation on such managing committees, and
that the Government should have power to supersede any managing committee for persistent and
serious dereliction of duty.
Another
Committee appointed by the Government of U.P. to
examine the progress of the scheme of reorganisation of secondary
education recommended that in the interest of better management
of non-Government institutions the head of the institution and
representatives of the teachers of the institution should be included
in the managing committee of each aided institution to support and
safeguard the legitimate interests of the teachers. The Government
had also received representations from time to time from associatioll!
interested in education that the service conditions of teachers should
be ameliorated and high handedness on the part of the management
of the recognized institutions should be checked. From the statistics collected by the Director it appeared that a situation had arisen
which required effective measures to be adopted for reasonably
rci;tricting the activities of the managing bodies of the recognized
institutions in the interest of the students and the teachers with a
view to harmonise the relationship between the teachers and the
management so as to bring about an atmosphere conducive to
efficient imparting of education.
A table was incorporall:d
in paragraph-16 of the affidavit showing the number of recognized
educational institutions imparting higher secondary education.
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K. E. SOCIETY V. U. P. STATE (Shah, J.)
3 3 7
From an analysis of that table it is apparent that between the years
1956-57 and 1959-60 the number of State Government institutio11s
was less than 9% of the total number of the institutions, and the
number of Central Government institutions was Jess than 0 · 5 %
and that of local bodies' institutions approximately 2 · 5 %· The
institutions run by the State Government, Central Government
and local bodies were governed by definite rules laying down the
conditions of service of teachers and the institutions were run
through official agencies under conditions which were entirely
different from the conditions prevailing in the privately managed
institutions. Another table showed that there was year after year
great disparity between the percentages of successful candidates
trained in the Government and local body institutions, and nonGovernment institutions. The materials placed on the record by
the State, viewed in the light of complete absence of any details
furnished by the Society, are sufficient to indicate that the plea
of unlawful discrimination has no basis.
It was then urged that the State had accorded to the Society
and others similarly situated, as against the Anglo-Indian Schools
which are privately managed institutions, a discriminatory treatment
to the detriment of the former. But there is no specific allegation
in the petition in this behalf. From the table submitted in paragraph-18 of the affidavit of the Director of Education it appears
that the number of students appearing from the Anglo-Indian
Schools is very small, that no adverse reports were received against
the management of such institutions, and that there is a separate
Code of Regulations for the Anglo-Indian Schools in the State of
U.P. laying down the necessary conditions with regard to all the
important aspects of their educational activities and such institutions
are not governed by the U.P. Educational Code of 1958 which
applies to other recognized institutions. A plea of unlawful discrimination cannot be adjudged unless the petition contains a
full averment of the grounds on which equality is claimed, and the
denial of equality is pleaded as not based on a rational relation to
the object sought to be achieved by the statute which makes a
classification. We therefore do not propose to deal with this
question in this appeal.
There only remains to be considered the challenge to the
validity of s. 9 of the amending Act. By that section the State
Government has been authorized for the purpose of removing any
difficulties in relation to the enforcement of the Act to direct that
the Act shall take effect subject to such adaptations, whether by
way of modification, addition or omission as it may deem necessary
or expedient and may make such other temporary provision for
the purpose of removing any such difficulty as it may deem to be
necessary or expedient. The High Court was of the view that the·
legislative policy has been laid down in the amending Act and by·
JJS
SUPREME COURT
REPORTS
(1966) 3 S.CR
s. 9 power has been conferred on the State Government for the
purpose of removing any difficulties in relation to the enforcement
of the Act, and since this may be done only within a period of
twelve months from the date of the commencement of the Act and
the adaptations whether by way of modification, addition or omission may only be made for the purpose of removing any difficulties
in relation to the enforcement of the Act, no legislative power was
conferred thereby on the State Government, and on that account
the provisions are not invalid. The High Court also observed that
the period in respect of which various orders were passed had
expired and it was therefore immaterial for the purpose of the petition to consider whether s. 9 of the impugned Act is invalid. In
our opinion, on the averments made in the petition and the materials
brought before this Court, it is
unnecessary to enter upon the
·question as to the validity of s. 9 and the orders issued thereunder.
No specific Removal of Difficulties Order affecting the rights of
the Society has been brought to our notice. But we may state
-that nothing in this judgment may be understood as according
approval to the views expressed by the High Court on the validity
-of s. 9 or the ordes issued thereunder. We leave that question open
.to be canvassed when a suitable occasion arises.
The appeal fails and is dismissed with cost~
Appeal dismissed.
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D
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