# N. KRISHNAIH SETTY v. GOPALAKRISHNA & ORS

- **Citation:** [1975] 1 S.C.R. 970
- **Court:** Supreme Court of India
- **Decided:** 1974-09-03
- **Case number:** Civil Appeal No. 1748 of 1967
- **Bench:** P. Jaganmohan Reddy, M. H. Beg, A. Alagiriswami
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/n-krishnaih-setty-v-gopalakrishna-ors-6273
- **Pages:** 4

## Headnote

Mysore Agriculturists' Relief Act, 1928 s. 14--Scdpe of.
Code of Civil Procedure (Act 5 of 1908), s. II-Applicability.
Under s. 14(1) of the Mysore Agriculturists' Relief Act 1928, no agricultural
land belonging to an agriculturalist shall be attached or sold in execution of any
decree or ~rder unless it has been specifically mortgaged for the payment of the
debt to which such decree or order relates.
The appellant filed a suit on a promissory note executed by the father of the
respondents.
There was an attachment before judgment, and after decree was
passed, the properties belonging to the family were sold in execution. The respondents were born thereafter. They filed a suit contending that the sale of the 1
properties in execution of the appellant's decree was void ab initio under the
Act.
The trial Court decreed the suit but the first appellate court allowed the
app~al on the ground that as the respondents were not born on the date of the
sale they could not challenge its validity.
The High Court restored the judgment of the trial court.
·
Dismissing the appeal to
thi~ Court.
HELO : ( l) The attachment before judgment was not valid and therefore
the sale in pursuanGe of that attachment was void. The suit filed by the appel.
Jant was not on the foot of a mortgage and therefore the sale in execution of the
appellant's decree is against the provisions of s. 14(1). The contention that &.
14(2) does no more than lay down the same procedure as 0. 38, C.P.C., and
therefore the attachment iis valid, is not correct. Section 14{2) permits an at·
tachment only in execution of a decree. [972 B--E]
(2) The respondents were entitled to file the suit questioning the sale.
A
void sale held in execution of a decree confers no title on the auction purchaser.
Therefore. the joint family to Ylhich the properties belonged did not lose their
title, but continued to be owners, and the ·respondents got a right to the property
as soon as they were born by right of birth. [972 E-G]
(3) The suit was not barred by res judicata because : (a) to the earlier suits
referred to the respondents were not ma:de· par1ies; and (b) those suits were filed
in the ~1unsiff's court and were therefore not decided by a court of competent
jurisdiction as the rrcsent suit was filed in the Subordtn<ite judge's court The
respondents were also not representatives of their father as contemplated in s.
11. C.P.C. [972 H-973 CJ

## Text

970
N. KRISHNAIH SETTY
v.
GOPALAKRISHNA & ORS.
September 3, 1974.
[P. JAGANMOHAN REDDY, M. H. BEG AND A. ALAGIRISWAMI, JJ.]
Mysore Agriculturists' Relief Act, 1928 s. 14--Scdpe of.
Code of Civil Procedure (Act 5 of 1908), s. II-Applicability.
Under s. 14(1) of the Mysore Agriculturists' Relief Act 1928, no agricultural
land belonging to an agriculturalist shall be attached or sold in execution of any
decree or ~rder unless it has been specifically mortgaged for the payment of the
debt to which such decree or order relates.
The appellant filed a suit on a promissory note executed by the father of the
respondents.
There was an attachment before judgment, and after decree was
passed, the properties belonging to the family were sold in execution. The respondents were born thereafter. They filed a suit contending that the sale of the 1
properties in execution of the appellant's decree was void ab initio under the
Act.
The trial Court decreed the suit but the first appellate court allowed the
app~al on the ground that as the respondents were not born on the date of the
sale they could not challenge its validity.
The High Court restored the judgment of the trial court.
·
Dismissing the appeal to
thi~ Court.
HELO : ( l) The attachment before judgment was not valid and therefore
the sale in pursuanGe of that attachment was void. The suit filed by the appel.
Jant was not on the foot of a mortgage and therefore the sale in execution of the
appellant's decree is against the provisions of s. 14(1). The contention that &.
14(2) does no more than lay down the same procedure as 0. 38, C.P.C., and
therefore the attachment iis valid, is not correct. Section 14{2) permits an at·
tachment only in execution of a decree. [972 B--E]
(2) The respondents were entitled to file the suit questioning the sale.
A
void sale held in execution of a decree confers no title on the auction purchaser.
Therefore. the joint family to Ylhich the properties belonged did not lose their
title, but continued to be owners, and the ·respondents got a right to the property
as soon as they were born by right of birth. [972 E-G]
(3) The suit was not barred by res judicata because : (a) to the earlier suits
referred to the respondents were not ma:de· par1ies; and (b) those suits were filed
in the ~1unsiff's court and were therefore not decided by a court of competent
jurisdiction as the rrcsent suit was filed in the Subordtn<ite judge's court The
respondents were also not representatives of their father as contemplated in s.
11. C.P.C. [972 H-973 CJ
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1748 of 1967.
From the Judgment and Order dated the 6th January 1961 of the
Mysore High Court at Bangalore in Second Appe&l No. 129 of 1956.
S. C. Ma'ik A. S. K. Rao and M. R. K. Pil.'ai for the appellant.
K. Rajendra C!taudhury for the respondents Nos. 1-8.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
ALAGIRISWAMI, J. This is an appeal by certificate against the judgm~nt of the High Courl of Mysore in a second appeal. It arises out
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N. K. SETTY v. GOPALAKRISHNA (Alagiriswami, !.)
9H
of a suit filed by respondents I and 2 (who will hereafter be referred to
as plaintiffs) for a declaration that the sale held in execution of the
decree obtained by the appellant (who was the 9th defendant in the
suit) in 0. S. No. 31 of 1937-38 against their father and other members
of their family was void ab initio. 0. S. No. 31 of 1.937-38 had bee11
filed by the present appellant on the basis of a promissory note executed as already mentioned by the father of the plaintiffs and other
members of that family. In execution all the sixteen items of property
belonging to the family were sold. The sale was in pursuance of all
attachment before the judgment made on 25th September 1937. The
suit was subsequently decreed. In the suit the only plea taken was that
the defendants were agriculturists entitled to the benefit of the Mysore
Agriculturists Relief Act 1928. The plaintiffs filed the suit for a mere
declaration because they continued in possession of the properties
which had been sold in execution and purchased by defendants 10 and
11 in the suit and subsequently purchased by the appellant. The Trial
Court decreed the suit. It should be mentioned that the suit was filed'
on 14-5-1952. The plaintiffs were born respectively in the years 1944
and 1950. On appeal the District Judge held that the sale was void
but allowed the appeal on the ground that the plaintiffs were not born
on the date of the sale. A Division Bench of the Mysore High Court
allowed the Second Appeal and restored the judgment of the Triat
Court.
The main question for decision as to whether the execution sale
was void ab initio depends on the interpretation to be placed rn s. 14of the Mysore Agriculturists' Relief Act which reads as foilows:
"14. (l) Except as otherwise provided in sub-sections (2), (3)
and (4) no agricultural land belonging to an agriculturist
shall be attached or sold in execution of any decree or
order passed after this Act comes into force, unless it has
been specifically mortgaged for the payment of the debt
to which such decree or order relates and the security still
subsists. For the purposes of any such attachment or sale
as aforesaid
standing crops shall be deemed to be
movable property.
(2) T.he c;ourt may at the time of passing a decree for money
d1rectmg payment by instalments er at any time during the
course of execution of such decree direct the judgmentdebtor for sufficient cause to furnish security for the amount
of the decree and if he fails to furnish the security required
order the attachment of any agricultural land belonging
to the judgment-debtor.
(3) The procedure in respect of attachments ordered under sub;
section (2) shall be as far as may be in accordance with
the procedure relating to attachment befcrc judgment under
Order XXXVIII of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908.
SUPlEME COURT REPORTS
[1975] 1 s.c.R.
(4) No agricultural land ordered to be attached under subsection (2) shall be sold in pursuance of such attachment
unless the judgment-debtor is in arrears in respect of two
or more instalments under the decree."
We are in agreement with the view taken by the courts below and the
1Iigh Court that the attachment before judgment made in this case
was not a valid one and therefore the sale in pursuance of that attachment was void. We are unable to accept the argument on behalf of
the appellant thats. 14 does no more than lay down the same procedure
as Order 38 of the Code of Civil Procedure and therefore the attachment was valid. Sub-s. (1) of s. 14 lays down that no agricultural land
belonging to an agriculturist shall be attached ot sold in execution of
any decree or order unless it has been specifically mortgaged for the
·payment of the debt to which such decree or order relates. The suit
iiled by the appellant O.S. No. 31 of 1937-38 was not on the foot of a
mortgage and therefore the sale effected in execution of the decree
obtained by the appellant is clearly against the provisions of sub-s. (!).
'Sub-section (2) permits an attachment only in execution of a decree
and, therefore, there is no substance in the argument on behalf of the
.appellant that the attachment eftected before judgment at the instance
-of the appellant is similar to an attachment before judgment under
()rder 38 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
We are in agreement with the learned Judges of the High Court
that the view taken by the District Judge that as the plaintiffs were
not born on the date of the sale they cannot challenge its validity is
wrong. A void sale, as we have already held the sale in execution of
the decree obtained by the appellant in this case to be, confers no title
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·on the auction purchaser and, therefore, the joint family to which the
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properties belonged continued to be the owners of that property and
·did not lose their title thereto. The plaintiffs got a right to the property
as soon as they were born, not by way of succession but by right of
birth. Therefore, plaintiffs were certainly entitled to file a suit questioning the sale.
The only other argument on behalf of the appellant, which was
advanced before the High Court and rejected by it and was also put
forward before us, was that the plaintiffs' suit was barred by constructive res judicata. It appears that the appellant filed a suit O.S. No.
535 of 1944-45 for partition of items 1-15 against defendants I and 2
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and the widow and son of another of the original judgment-debtors,
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as also defendants 3 and 4. To that suit the plaintiffs were not parties.
Plaintiff No. 2 was not even born then. There was another suit, O.S.
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N. K. SETTY v. GOPALAKRISHNA (Alagiriswami, I.)
97 3:
No. 47 of 1942-43 filed by the I Ith defendant in respect of item l~.
To that suit also the plaintiffs were not parties. As neither plaintiff'
was born at the time of 0.S. No. 47 of 1942-43, they having been
born on 22-9-1944 and 19-9-1950, and the second·plaintiff was not
born at the time O.S. No. 535 of 1944-45 was filed, and the first plaintiff though born was not made a party there can be no question of
res judicata as against them. They are not representatives of their father
as contemplated ins. 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure. It also appears
that the earlier suits were filed before the Munsiff's Court and v.ere,.
therefore, not decided by a court of competent jurisdicticn as the
present suit has been filed in the Subordinate Judge's c~urt. We are,
therefore, satisfied that the appellant cannot succeed in his plea of
res judicata.
The appeal is, therefore, dismimd. The appellant will pay the costs
of respondents I and 2.
V. P. S.
Appeal dismissed.