# NATIONAL COAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION v. MANMOHAN MATHUR

- **Citation:** [1970] 3 S.C.R. 409
- **Court:** Supreme Court of India
- **Decided:** 1970-01-15
- **Case number:** Civil Appeal No. 1639 of 1966
- **Bench:** M. Hidayatullah, J. M. Shelat, C. A. Vaidialingam, A. N. Grover, A. N. Ray
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/national-coal-development-corporation-v-manmohan-mathur-5021
- **Pages:** 6

## Headnote

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Retrospective Legislation-Acquisition held invalid by High Court as
notificution required under s. 7 Coal IJearing Areas (Acquisition and De"·eJopment) Act (20 of 1957) not issued-No_tificaAfon deetn!!d to hare been
issued by provisions of Amending Act, 23 of.1969-Ef!ect.
A notification stating that ·1he respondent's lands \Vere needed for prospecting caal, was issued under s. 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act. 1894.
No objection under s. 5A of the Act was made by the respondent. Thereafter the Coal Bearing Areas (Acquisition and Development) Act. 1957.
came into force. Under s. 28 of the 1957-Act, all notifications and objections,made under the Land Acquisition Act were deemed to be notifications
and objections under the 1957-Act. Section 7 of 1957-Act requires the
issue of a notification before acquisition under s. 9 ( 1) of that Act. In the
present case, the Central Government acquired a certain area on behalf of
the appellant under s. 9 o'f the 1957-Act, from the area notified under
s. 4( 1) of the Land Acquisition Act without issuing th~ s. 7 notification.
~fhe respondent challenged the acquisition by a writ petiti.on and the High
Court allowed it. While the appeal against the judgment of-the High Court
was pending in this Court, the 1957-Act was amended hy the Coal Bearin~
Areas (Acquisition and Development) An1cndment Act, 1969. The consequences of the amendments introduced by the AmenJn1ent Act are that if
no ohj~ction had been preferred under s. 5A of the Land Acquisition Act
wi~hin the period specified, then it shall he deemed that a notification under
s. 7 of the Act 1957-Act has been issued; that no objection to the acquisition of the land under s. 8 of the 1957-Act has been preferred; and that
the Government could therefore make the acquisition under s. 9 of the 1957Act. Also, the effect of a decision of a court was removed as if the amended Act was in force at all material time.
HELD : Legislation making obligatory notifications fictional may not
be proper, but since Parliament was competent to make such fictions, the
acquisition could not be questioned. [414 A-BJ

## Text

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409
A
NATIONAL COAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
v.
MANMOHAN MATHUR
January 15, 1970
B
[M. HIDAYATULLAH, C. J., J. M. SHELAT, C. A. VAIDIALINGAM,
A. N. GROVER AND A. N. RAY, JJ.]
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Retrospective Legislation-Acquisition held invalid by High Court as
notificution required under s. 7 Coal IJearing Areas (Acquisition and De"·eJopment) Act (20 of 1957) not issued-No_tificaAfon deetn!!d to hare been
issued by provisions of Amending Act, 23 of.1969-Ef!ect.
A notification stating that ·1he respondent's lands \Vere needed for prospecting caal, was issued under s. 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act. 1894.
No objection under s. 5A of the Act was made by the respondent. Thereafter the Coal Bearing Areas (Acquisition and Development) Act. 1957.
came into force. Under s. 28 of the 1957-Act, all notifications and objections,made under the Land Acquisition Act were deemed to be notifications
and objections under the 1957-Act. Section 7 of 1957-Act requires the
issue of a notification before acquisition under s. 9 ( 1) of that Act. In the
present case, the Central Government acquired a certain area on behalf of
the appellant under s. 9 o'f the 1957-Act, from the area notified under
s. 4( 1) of the Land Acquisition Act without issuing th~ s. 7 notification.
~fhe respondent challenged the acquisition by a writ petiti.on and the High
Court allowed it. While the appeal against the judgment of-the High Court
was pending in this Court, the 1957-Act was amended hy the Coal Bearin~
Areas (Acquisition and Development) An1cndment Act, 1969. The consequences of the amendments introduced by the AmenJn1ent Act are that if
no ohj~ction had been preferred under s. 5A of the Land Acquisition Act
wi~hin the period specified, then it shall he deemed that a notification under
s. 7 of the Act 1957-Act has been issued; that no objection to the acquisition of the land under s. 8 of the 1957-Act has been preferred; and that
the Government could therefore make the acquisition under s. 9 of the 1957Act. Also, the effect of a decision of a court was removed as if the amended Act was in force at all material time.
HELD : Legislation making obligatory notifications fictional may not
be proper, but since Parliament was competent to make such fictions, the
acquisition could not be questioned. [414 A-BJ
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1639 of
1966.
Appeal from the judgment and decree dated November 15.
1965 of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in Misc. Petition No.
66 of 1965.
Jagadish Swarup, Solicitor-Genera/, S. K. Dho/akia amd R. H.
H · Dhebar, for. the appellants.
W. S. Bar/ingay, D. p. Verma, R. Mahalingier and Ganpat
Rai, for the respondent.
410
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1970} 3 S.C.R.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Bidayatullah, C.J.
The National Coal Development Corpora·
lion Ltd. appeals against the judgment and decree of the High
Court of Madhya Pradesh, November 15, 1965, in an application
under Art. 226 of the Constitution. By the judgment under appeal
the appellants are restrained' from carrying on depillaring operations underneath the land of the respondent Manmohan Mathur
in village Chirimiri in District Surguja in Madhya Pradesh.
The facts are as follows : Chirimiri is a coal-bearing area.
On February 1, 1957 the Government of Madhya Pradesh, acting
in exercise of the functions of the Central Government under the
Land Acquisition Act, 1894 entrusted to it by the President under
Art. 258 ( l) of the Constitution, issued notification under s. 4(1)
of the Land Acquisition Act stating that the lands specified in
Chirimiri village were needed for the prospecting of coal seams for
development of collieries by the Central Government. On June 8,
1957 the Coal Bearing Areas (Acquisition and Development) Act
(XX of 1957) was enacted and was brought into force.
On
Augu<t 7, 1958 the Central Government purporting to act under
s. 9(]) of Act XX of 1957 issued a notification acquiring land
measuring 145-75 acres described in the notification. In that notitication it was stated that no objection was received after the noti-·
fication under s. 4 of the Land Acquisition Act.
On April 16,
1964 the appellant gave notice to the respondent that he should
vacate the said land within 30 days of the receipt of the notice and
any super-structure and material that may be on that land be removed. It was also stated that the mining rights in village Chirimiri
acquired by the Central Government had been vested in the appellant under an order of the Government dated September 30,
1958.
The respondent was also informed that there were coal
mines underneath his land and that the appellant would soon commence. depillaring operations.
The petition under Art. 226 was
then filed in the Madhy11 Pradesh High Court to restrain the appellant from enforcing the provisions of Act XX of 1957 against the
respor,dent.
Many arguments were advanced against the action of the Central Government and the appellant. One of them succeeded' on the
basis of which the appellant was restrained by ·a mandamus from
proceeding under Act XX of 1957.
The objection which succeeded was that no notification under s. 7 of Act XX of 1957 had
been issued by the Central Government and that the subsequent
action was, therefore, invalid.
To understand the objection which was sustained by the High
Court it is necessary to refer briefly to a part of the scheme o~ Act
XX of 1957. It will be noticed that the initial notification was under
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N. c. DEVP, CORP, v. MANMOHAN (Hidayatullah, C.J.) 411
A. s. 4(1) of the Land Acq_u_isition Act, 1894. That notification was
issued at a time when Act XX of 1957 was not enacted. Subsequently under s. 28 of Act XX of 1957 it was provided that every
notification issued under s. 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act before
the commencement of Act XX of 1957 whether by the Central
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Government or by a State Government should be deemed to be a
notification under s. 4 of Act XX of 1957. Similarly, it was provided that every notification issued under s. 6 of the Land Acquisition Act, before the commencement of Act XX of 195 7, whether
by the Central Government or by a State Government, should be
deemed to be issued under s. 9 of Act XX of 1957 and lastly it
was provided that any obiection preferred under s. 5 A of the Land
Acquisition Act, 1894 in respect of any land covered by any notification under s. 4 should be deemed to be an objection preferred
under s. 8 of Act XX of 1957. In other words, all notifications
and objections etc. made under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894
were by a fiction brought under Act XX of 1957. It may ,be
pointed out here that no objection under s. 5A of the Land Acqnisition Act, 1894 was made by the present respondent.
•
There was, however, one other section, namely, s. 7 in A~
of 1957 to the following effect :
"7. Power to acquire land or rights iq er -0ver land
notified Ujtlder section 4.
-
(1) If the Central Government is satisfied that coal
is obtainable in the whole or any ;part of the land notified
under sub-section (1) of section 4, it may, within a period
of two years from the date of the said notification or
within such further period not exceeding one year in the
aggregate as the Central Government may specify in this
behalf, by notification in the Official Gazette, give notice
of its intention to acquire the whole or any part of the
land or of any rights in or over such land, as the case
may be.
(2) If no notice to acquire the land or any rights in
or over such land is given under sub-section (1) within
the period allowed thereunder, the notification issued
under sub-section (1) of section 4 shall cease to have
effect on the expiration of tiiree years from the date
thereof."
It is this notification which the High Court found missing and
therefQre all subsequent action under Act XX of 1957 was held
to be invalid.
It is not necessary to discuss the correctness or otherwise of
the view of the Hign Court because on August 11, 1969 Coal
412
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1970] 3 S.C.R.
Bearing Areas (Acquisition and Development) Amendment Act
XXIII of 1969 was enacted. By thi, amending Acts. 28(3) was
amended by removal of certain words and substitution retrospectively of other words.
The amending Act also added a new subsection, numbered 3A and also ena:ted s. 3 by which the validation of acquisitions found ineffective by" the Courts was made. It
js necessary to refer to the amending Act.
Sub-section 3 of s. 28, as amenlled by Act 51 of 1957 (to
which Act detailed reference is not necessary), reads as follows :
"Any objection preferred under s, 5A of the said
Act (Land Acquisition Act, 1894) in respect of any land
covered by any notification issued under section 4 of the
said Act (Land Acquisition Act, 1894) shall be deemed
to be an objection preferred under section 8 of this Act
to the relevant competent authority and may be disposed
of by him as if the objection had been made in relation
to a notification issued under section 7 of this Act in respect of such land; and the Central Government may at
any time make a declaration under s. 9 of this Act (Act
XX of 1957) in respect of such land or any part thereof."
By the amending Act XXIII of 1969 the portion beginning with
"in· respect of such land" and ending with "or any part thereof'
were substituted retrospectively by the words-
"in respect of such land or of any rights in or over
such land; and the Central Government may at any time
make a declaration under section 9 of this Act in respect
of land or any part thereof or any rights in or over such
land or part."
Simultaneously sub-section 3-A was introduced an!l that reads :
"3A. Where in respect of any land covered by any
notification issued under section 4 of the said Act, no
objection has been preferred under section 5A thereof
within the period specified in that section, then it shall be
deemed that a notification had been issued under section 7 of this Act in respect of such land or of any right~
in or over such land and that no objection to the acquisition of the land or any rights in or over land had been
preferred under section 8 of this Act, and accordingly
the Central· 9overnment may at any time make a declaration under section 9 of this Act in respect of the
land or any part thereof or any rights in or over such
land or part."
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N. c. DEVP, CORP, v. MANMOHAN (Hideyatu/lah, C.J.)
413
Finally by section 3 of the Amending Act acquisitions were validated. Section 3 reads :-
"3. Validation of certain acquisitions.
Notwithstanding any judgment, decree or order of
any court, every acquisition of land or the rights in or
over land made by the Central Government in pursuance
of the notifications of the Government of India in the
late Ministry of Steel, Mines and Fuel (Department of
Mines and Fuel) Nos. S.O. 1759 and S.0. 25, dated
the 7th August, 19S8, and the 22nd December, 19S9
respectively, made under section 9 of the principal Act,
shall be, and shall be deemed always to have ·been, as
valid as if the provisions of section 28 thereof as amended by this Act were in force at all material times when
such acquisition was made and shall not be called m
question in any court of law on the grownd only that
before issuing such notifications no notification was
issued under section 7 of the principal Act in relation to
the land or rights in or over such land covered by the
said notifications Nos. S.O. 17S9 and S.O. 25".
In view of this amendment it is obvious that now under the I
scheme of Act XX of 19S7, as amended by Act 51 of 19S7 and
Act XXIII of 1969 a notification under s. 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 is by fiction a notification under s. 4 of Act
XX of 1957; an objection under s. SA of the Land Acquisition
Act, 1894 is deemed to be an objection under s. 8 of Act XX of
19S7. It is also provided that if no objection had been preferred
under s. SA of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 within the period
specified in that Act, then it shall be deemed that a notification
has been issued under s. 7 of this Act in respect of the land and
further that no objection to the acquisition. of the land or any
rights in or over that land has been preferred under s. 8 of the Act
and accordingly the Central Goverrnnent may at any time make a
declaration under s. 9 of Act XX of 19S7"in respect of that land.
By section 3 the effect of a decision of a court is removed as if the
provisions of s. 28 of Act XX of l 9S7, as amended by Act XXIII
of · 1969 were in force at all material times.
~ed
counsel !or the respondent could not point to 1nything
by which the amendmg Act could be called in question. It was
conceded that it was within the competence of Parliament to create
the fictions it has created in the original Act XX of 19S7 l\lld again
by the amending Act XXIII of 1969. Learned counsel, however
s_aip that we must take a humane view of the. position of a perso~
like the respondent who would lose his all by the acqujsition and
that too through legislation which. makes the provisions fictional
rather than real. As to the first part we can only say that if the
414
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1970J 3 S.C.IL
law allows it, the court must award it and as to the second part
.A
, we say that this kind of legislation by making obligatory notifica-
~
lictional does not accord with our seDSll of propriety but
""we cannot say anything against it sirice Parliament undoubtedly
~ ~s~ses the power to make such fictions.
,.
11! the result the appeal must be allowed, but we make rio
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order about costs.
V.P.S.
Appeal allowed.