# NEEL & NIRENJAN MAJUMDAR v. THE STATE OF WEST BENGAL

- **Citation:** [1973] 1 S.C.R. 675
- **Court:** Supreme Court of India
- **Decided:** 1972-05-23
- **Bench:** J. M. SllELAT, H. R. Khanna
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/neel-nirenjan-majumdar-v-the-state-of-west-bengal-5700
- **Pages:** 5

## Headnote

675
Genual €/auses Act, 1897-Ss. F, 24-Eflect of-Arms Act. 1959
repealing and re-enacting A..rn1s A.ct,
1818-l\fotification
issued urtdtr
k1tter Act, if continue wuJer tlie l959~Act-Am1s Ac,, •Q59-S. 2(1) (c)
PwMd, if 'anns'-West Bengal (Pl"evenl'ion of Vio,e1i· -A~,·•vitie,'Q .Act,
1970, s. 3(2)(d).
The combined effeci of section 6 and 24 of the General Clauses Act
is that a notification of 1923 issued under section 15 of the Arm' Act,
1878 prohibiting the acquisition, possession or carrying of -arn1~ other
than fire arms without a licence, not only continued to operate but has to
be deemed to have been en2cted under the Arms Act, 1959, which repealed
anil re-enacted the provisions of the earlier Act. The 1959 Act nowhere
contains an intention to the contrary signifying that the operation of the
repeated Act or of a notification issued thereunder was not to cbntinue.
[678C"F]
A sword is arms within the meaning of the definition of 'arms' in sectioa
2(1 )(c) of the Arms Act, 1959. In the present c.sc though the offence
of being in possession and carrying a s\IKlrd without lieence took place
after 1he commencement of the new Act of 1959, the notification issued
under the Act of 1878 was in force, hy virtue of section 24 of the General
Clauses Act, on the date of the alleged offence.
The offence thu> fell
under the arms Act, 1959, and that being •o, the .acts set out in the
grounds of detention served on the petitioner were covered by dame ( d)
of sec,ion 3(2) of the West Bengal (Prevention of Vi>Jlent Ao'ivities)
Act, 1970.
[677D·H; 6780-H; 679F]
ORIGINAL JURISDICTION: Writ Petition No. 77 or 1972.
Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India for. a writ in the
F
nature of habeas corpus.
G
H
S. K. Dhingra, for the petitioner.
Dilip Sinha and G. S. Chatterjee, for the respondent.

## Text

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NEEL & NIRENJAN MAJUMDAR
v.
THE STATE OF WEST BENGAL
May 23, 1972
[J. M. SllELAT AND H. R. KHANNA, JJ.]
675
Genual €/auses Act, 1897-Ss. F, 24-Eflect of-Arms Act. 1959
repealing and re-enacting A..rn1s A.ct,
1818-l\fotification
issued urtdtr
k1tter Act, if continue wuJer tlie l959~Act-Am1s Ac,, •Q59-S. 2(1) (c)
PwMd, if 'anns'-West Bengal (Pl"evenl'ion of Vio,e1i· -A~,·•vitie,'Q .Act,
1970, s. 3(2)(d).
The combined effeci of section 6 and 24 of the General Clauses Act
is that a notification of 1923 issued under section 15 of the Arm' Act,
1878 prohibiting the acquisition, possession or carrying of -arn1~ other
than fire arms without a licence, not only continued to operate but has to
be deemed to have been en2cted under the Arms Act, 1959, which repealed
anil re-enacted the provisions of the earlier Act. The 1959 Act nowhere
contains an intention to the contrary signifying that the operation of the
repeated Act or of a notification issued thereunder was not to cbntinue.
[678C"F]
A sword is arms within the meaning of the definition of 'arms' in sectioa
2(1 )(c) of the Arms Act, 1959. In the present c.sc though the offence
of being in possession and carrying a s\IKlrd without lieence took place
after 1he commencement of the new Act of 1959, the notification issued
under the Act of 1878 was in force, hy virtue of section 24 of the General
Clauses Act, on the date of the alleged offence.
The offence thu> fell
under the arms Act, 1959, and that being •o, the .acts set out in the
grounds of detention served on the petitioner were covered by dame ( d)
of sec,ion 3(2) of the West Bengal (Prevention of Vi>Jlent Ao'ivities)
Act, 1970.
[677D·H; 6780-H; 679F]
ORIGINAL JURISDICTION: Writ Petition No. 77 or 1972.
Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India for. a writ in the
F
nature of habeas corpus.
G
H
S. K. Dhingra, for the petitioner.
Dilip Sinha and G. S. Chatterjee, for the respondent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Shelat, J. The District Magistrate, Howrah passed on June
12, 1971 the impugned order of detention under sub-s. (1) read
with sub-s. (3) of s. 3 of the West Bengal (Prevention of Violent
Activities) Act, 1970 directing the petitioner's detention thereunder.
The order stated that the :Oistrict Magistrate was satisfied that it was neceSS!\fY to do so in order to preve.nt the petiti!>n~r from acting in a manner prejudicial to the maintenance of
pubhc order. On June 13, 1971, the petitioner was accordingly
arrested and detained in Dum Dum Central Jail.
676
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1973] l 5.C.R ..
1 he _grounds of detention served on the i;e!itioner at ·the time
of his arrest ~ead as follows :
·
(1) On 17-8-70 at about 02.00 hours, you and your
associates Bhaja alias Tarapaoa Ghosh,
Bablu,
Karlie and others attacked the members of R.G.
Party who were on duty near Jatadhari Park by
hurling bambs
towa~ds them.
When chased by
them, you and your associates again hurled bombs·
towards them and managed to escape and thereby
· disturbed public order.
(2) On 10-4-71 at about 16.00 hours, you and your
associates being armed with sword assaulted one
Basudeb Laha of 56/18, Banarjee Bagan Lane at
Sambhu Halder Lane near Jatadhari Park causing
injuries on his person.
When objected. by the
members of the public, you also terrorised them by
brandishing the sword.
(3) On 1-5-71 at 15.00 hours, you and your associates
Tapan, Kartic and others being armed with bombs
and other deadly weapons demanded money from
one Banshi Show of 28, Haraganj Road, P.S. Malipanchghora. When refused, you and your associates assaulted him. The local people and the
neighbouring shop keepers ottlected. At this you
and your associa'~·~s became more violent and terrorised them by throwing bombs towards them. Consequently. they became panicky and fled away.
D·
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Sub-s. (1) read with sub-s. (3) of s. of the Act authorises inter
a/ia a District M~gi~trate ·to direct detention of ·any person in respect of whom he is satisfied that such detention should be ordered
V
with a view to prevent him from acting prejudicially to the security
of the _State of West Bengal, or the maintenance of public order.
Sub-s. (2) of s. 3 contains a special definition of the expression
"acting in any manner prejudicial to the security of the State or
the maintenance of public order" to mean the acts enumerated in
els. (a) to ( e) thereof. Cl. ( d), which is the only relevant clause
G;
for purposes of this petition provides as follows :
"(d) committing, or instigating any person to
commit, any offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life or imprisonment for a term extending to
seven years or more or any offence under the Arms Act,
1959 or the Explosive Substances Aci, 1908, where the
commission of such offence disturbed, or is likely to dis- ·
turb, public order."
·
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NEEL & NIRENJAN v. WEST BENGAL (She/at, J.)
677
It is not disputed that the petitioner's alleged activities set out
in grounds (1) and ( 3) of the said grounds of .detention fell under
cl. (d) being offences under the Explosive Substances Act, 190~.
and also being such that they did or were likely to disturb public
·order. The only contention raised for our determination was that
activities set out in ground No. (2), namely, causing injuries with
a sword. would constitute an 0ffence under s. 324 of the Penal
Code, an offence neither punishable with death, nor Ii e imprisonment, nor imprisonment for a term of seven years.
Therefore.
ground No. <2l would be, it was urged, a ground which would
not fall under the said definition, and would, therefore. be an
extraneous ground rendering the impugned order invalid.
The contention in our view has no substance as the offence
alleged in ground No. (2) would fall under cl. (d) of s. 3(2) of
the Act inasmuch as it will be one punishable under the Anm Act,
LIV of 1959.
Under s. 2(l)(c) of the Arms Act, the wGrd 'arm;' infer a/ia
means articles of any description designed or adapted as w~apons
for offence or defence, and includes fireanns, sharpedged and
other deadly weapons. A sword is thus arms within the meaning
of this definition. Sec. 3 of the Act then prohibits, among other
things, possession of firearms or ammunition except under a licence
issued under the Act or the ruks made thereunder.
So far as
arms. other than firearms, are concerned, s. '\ empowers the Central Government, if it is of opinion that having regard to the circumstances prevailing in any area it is necessary or expedient in
the pubilic interest, that acquisition, possession or carrying of arms.
c;ther ithan firearms, should also be re~ulated, it may by notification direct that this section shall apply to the area specifi~d in such
notification, and thereupon no person shall acquire. have in his
possession or carry in that area arms of such class or description
as may be specified in that notification, except under a licence
issued under the provisions of the Act or the rules mat!e thereunder. Once, therefore, such a notification is issued under the Act
or the rules made thereuncbr, and that notification specifies any
arms, e.g., a sword, possession of or carrying such a sword without licence in the specified art:a would be an offence under ,the
Arms Act.
Sec. 25 ( 1) (b) provides that whoever acquires, ~as
in his possession or carries in any place specified by notification
under s. 4 any arms of such class or description as haye heen
'pecified in that notification in contravention of. th<lt sect10n shall
be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to
three years, or with fine or with both.
It however, appears that no such notification as contempl3.ted
by s.' 4 di. the 1959 Act has beetl issued. Btit, in 1913 such a
678
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
(1973] l S.C.R.
notification bearing reference No. Political (Police) Department
Notification No. 787 PL, dated March 9, 1923 was issued under
s. 15 of the earlier Indian Arms Aot, XI of 1878, which was in
terms similar to s. 4 of the present Act. The question is, w!Jether
Act XI of 1878 having been repealed, the said notification issued
under s. 15 thereof can still t~ said to be operative ? Sec. 46( 1)
of the Arms Act, 1959 repealed lb~ preceding Act of 1878.
Its sub-s. (2) provides that notwithstanding
such repeal
and
without prejudice to ss. 6 and 24 of the General Clauses Act, X
of 1897 a licence granted under ih~ repealed Act and in force
immediately before the commenc~ment of the new· Act shall continue, unless sooner revoked, for the unexpired period for· which
it had been gran1ed or renewed,
Sec. 46(2) thus saves only
licences issued under the Arms Act.
Sec. 6(b) of the General Clauses Act, however, provides that.
where any Central Act or regulatio\1 made after the commencement of 'the Act rci;eals any earlier enactment, then, unless a
different int~ntion appears, such repeal shall not "affect the previous operation of any enactment so repealed or anything duly
done 0r suffered hereunder".
Sec. 24 next provides that where
any Central Act is repealed and re-enacted with or without modification, then. unless it is otherwise expressly provided, any notification issued under such repealed Act shall, so far as it is inconsistent with the provisions re-enacted, continue in force and be
deemed to have been made under the provisions so re-enacted
unless it is superseded by any notification or order issued .under
the prnvisions so re-enacted.
The new Act nowhere contains an
intention to the contrary sie)lifying that the operation of the
repealed Act or of an notification issued thereunder was not to
continue.
Further, the. new Act re-enacts the provisions. of the
earlier Act, and s. 4 in particular, as already stated. has provisions
μractically identical to those of s. 15 of the earlier Act.
The
combined effect of ss. 6 and 24 of the General Clauses Act is that
the said notification of 1923 issiiia i:mder s. 15 of the Act of 1878
not only continued to operate but has to be deemed to have been
enacted under the new Act.
Possession of arms, such as a sword, without a licence or
contrary to the terms and conditions of such a licence would thus
be an offence punishable with imprisonment under the Arms Act,
1959. Though the possession of and carrying a sword were
al)e~ed to have b~en committed in 1970, that is, after the repeal
of the Arms Act, 1878, the said notification of 1923 issued under
the repealed Act would. despite its repeal,. continue to be in force
and its provisions would be deemed to have been enacted under
the .new Act by virtue of s. 24 of the Genera!' Clauses Act.
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NEEL & NIRENJAN V. WEST BENGAL (She/at, /.)
679
This was the construction placed upon these two sections by
this Court in the Chief Inspector of Mines v. Lala Karam Chand
Thapar, (') where the question as to the meaning of s. 24 of the
General Clauses Act arose. In that case, the directors of a colliery
company and its managing agents were prosecuted under the Mines
Act, 1952 for violation of .Caal Mines Regulations of, 1926 made
under Mines Act, 1923, which was repealed by 1952 Act. Repell:
ing the contention that the prosecution in respect of the violation
of those Regulations made under the repealed Act
was
unauthorised and invalid, the Court construed s. 24 of the General
Clauses Act to mean that when a11 earlier Act Is repealed by a
later Act, which re-enacted the provisions of the earlier Act, Regulations framed under the repealed Act continue in force and are
deemed to have been made under the provisions so re-enacted, anc.:
must be so construed as to have continuity of force, and are to.be
regarded as laws in force at the da!te of the offence within the meaning of Art. 20 ( 3) of the Constitution. In that case, the ]),reach
of those Regulations took place before the commencement of the
new Act. Even then. the prosecution ut1der the new Act was held
to be valid on the ground that the Regulations were deemed to
have been made under the new Act. In the present case, the
offence of being in possession of and carrying a sword without
licence took place after the commencement of the new t ct of
1959. The said notification, by virtue of s. 24 of the General
Clauses Act having to be deemed to have been made under s. 4
of the Arms Act, 1959, the notification was in force on the date
of the. alleged offence.
The offence thus fell under the Arms Act, 1959, and that being so, acts set out in ground No. (2) were covered by cl. (d)
of s. 3(2) of the Act. Consequently, that ground cannot be said
to be extreneous to the Act.
This being the only contention arising for our consideration
and it having failed, the petition fails and is dismissed.
K.B.N.
Petition dimiiYsed.
(I} [1962] I S.C.R. 9.