# PRADUMAN KUMAR v. VIRENDRA GOYAL (DEAD) BY L. RS

- **Citation:** [1969] 3 S.C.R. 950
- **Court:** Supreme Court of India
- **Decided:** 1969
- **Case number:** Civil Appeal No. 648 of 1966
- **Bench:** J. c. SHAH, A. N. Grover
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/praduman-kumar-v-virendra-goyal-dead-by-l-rs-4704
- **Pages:** 5

## Headnote

Transfer of Property A.ct (4 of. 1882) s. 114-Relief against forfeiture-Opportunity given-Trial Court-Failure to avaU-Appellate Courfs
Jurisdiction.
In a lease of land, it was covenanted that in the event of default of
payment of rent for two consecutive years, the tenancy rights will stand
fol'feited. As the rent remain due and in arrears for two years, the landlord
filed a suit for the eviction of the tenants and for payment of the arrears
of rent and compensation.
The tenants claimed relief against forfeiture
of their tenancy rights under s. 114 of the Transfer of Property Act and
deposited in Court an amount Jess than the amount due. The Trial Court
decreed the suit holding that the conditions relating to deposit in Court
of rent in arrear, interest thereon, and costs of the suit were not complied
with.
The tenants appealed and offered to pay balance of rent due together with costs of the suit and the appeal and interest, and deposited an
amount much larger than due.
The appellate court allowed the appeal
holding that the tenants were entitled to the benefit of s. 114 when they
we're willing and ready to pay more than what was due, and there were
valuable constructions on the plots and the respondent's dispossession
would put them to a great Joss.
The High Court dismissed the appeal
against this decision. In appeal before this Court, the landlord contended
that the jurisdiction under s. 114 to relieve against forfeiture could only
be e>:ercised by the Court of First Instance; that the tenants having failed
to avail of the opportunity given by the Trial Court to pay the amount
due with interests and cbsts, the appellate court had no jurisdiction to
grant another opportunity; and that the discretion was not properly exercised in this case.
Repelling the contentions, this Court :-
HELD : The covenant of forfeiture of tenancy for non-payment of
rent is regarded by the Courts as merely a clause for securing payment
of rent. and unless the tenant has by his conduct disentitled himself to
equitable relief the Courts grant relief against forefeiture of tenancy on
the tenant paying the rent due, interest thereon and costs of the suit.
Jurisdiction to relieve against forefeiture for non-payment of rent may
be exercised by the Court if the tenant in a suit in ejectment at th~ hearing
of the suit pays the arrears of rent tOllOther with interest thereon and full
costs of the suit. In terms s. 114 makes payment of rent at the hearing
of the suit in ejectment a condition of the exerdjse of the Court's jurisdicw
tion but an appeal being a rehearing of the suit, in appropriate cases, it
is open to the Appellate Court at the hearing of tho appeal to relieve the
tenant in default aaainst forfeiture.
Passin2 of a decree in ejectment
against the tenant by the Court of First Instance does not take away the
jurisdiction of the Appellate Court to grant equitable relief. [953 CJ
Failure to avail themselves of the opportunity does not operate as a
bar to the jurisdiction of the Appellate Court. The Appellate Court may,
having regard to the conduct of the tenant, decline to exercise its discretion to grant him relief against forfeiture. (954 Al
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PRADUMAN KUMAR v. VIRENDRA GOYAL (Shah,/,)
951
Chilukuri Tripura Sundaramma v. Chilukuri Venkates-Warlu
alias
Ramchandram and Others,
A.I.R. 1949 Mad. 841; Jenab Ve/lathi and
othm v. Smt. K. Kadervel Thayammal, A.I.R. 1958 Mad. 23l; Shrikishan·
la/ and Others v. Ramnath Jankiprasad Ahir and others, I.L.R. 1944 Nag.
877; Budhi Ballabh and other> v. Jai Klshen Kandpal, 1963 A.LJ. 132,
Bhagwant Rambhau Khese v. Ramchandra Kesho Pathak,
A.I.R. 1953
Born. 129; Namdeo Lokman Lodhi v. Narmadabai and others, [1953]
S.C.R. 1009, 1025, referred to.
Having regard to the circumstances that valuable constructions were
put up on the land and that the tenants had deposited much larger
amount than due, the discretion was rightly exercised in favour of the
tenant.
In an appeal with special leave, t

## Text

PRADUMAN KUMAR
v.
VIRENDRA GOYAL (DEAD) BY L. RS.
March ll, 1969
[J. c. SHAH AND A. N. GROVER, JJ.]
Transfer of Property A.ct (4 of. 1882) s. 114-Relief against forfeiture-Opportunity given-Trial Court-Failure to avaU-Appellate Courfs
Jurisdiction.
In a lease of land, it was covenanted that in the event of default of
payment of rent for two consecutive years, the tenancy rights will stand
fol'feited. As the rent remain due and in arrears for two years, the landlord
filed a suit for the eviction of the tenants and for payment of the arrears
of rent and compensation.
The tenants claimed relief against forfeiture
of their tenancy rights under s. 114 of the Transfer of Property Act and
deposited in Court an amount Jess than the amount due. The Trial Court
decreed the suit holding that the conditions relating to deposit in Court
of rent in arrear, interest thereon, and costs of the suit were not complied
with.
The tenants appealed and offered to pay balance of rent due together with costs of the suit and the appeal and interest, and deposited an
amount much larger than due.
The appellate court allowed the appeal
holding that the tenants were entitled to the benefit of s. 114 when they
we're willing and ready to pay more than what was due, and there were
valuable constructions on the plots and the respondent's dispossession
would put them to a great Joss.
The High Court dismissed the appeal
against this decision. In appeal before this Court, the landlord contended
that the jurisdiction under s. 114 to relieve against forfeiture could only
be e>:ercised by the Court of First Instance; that the tenants having failed
to avail of the opportunity given by the Trial Court to pay the amount
due with interests and cbsts, the appellate court had no jurisdiction to
grant another opportunity; and that the discretion was not properly exercised in this case.
Repelling the contentions, this Court :-
HELD : The covenant of forfeiture of tenancy for non-payment of
rent is regarded by the Courts as merely a clause for securing payment
of rent. and unless the tenant has by his conduct disentitled himself to
equitable relief the Courts grant relief against forefeiture of tenancy on
the tenant paying the rent due, interest thereon and costs of the suit.
Jurisdiction to relieve against forefeiture for non-payment of rent may
be exercised by the Court if the tenant in a suit in ejectment at th~ hearing
of the suit pays the arrears of rent tOllOther with interest thereon and full
costs of the suit. In terms s. 114 makes payment of rent at the hearing
of the suit in ejectment a condition of the exerdjse of the Court's jurisdicw
tion but an appeal being a rehearing of the suit, in appropriate cases, it
is open to the Appellate Court at the hearing of tho appeal to relieve the
tenant in default aaainst forfeiture.
Passin2 of a decree in ejectment
against the tenant by the Court of First Instance does not take away the
jurisdiction of the Appellate Court to grant equitable relief. [953 CJ
Failure to avail themselves of the opportunity does not operate as a
bar to the jurisdiction of the Appellate Court. The Appellate Court may,
having regard to the conduct of the tenant, decline to exercise its discretion to grant him relief against forfeiture. (954 Al
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D
E
II
G
H
A
B
c
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PRADUMAN KUMAR v. VIRENDRA GOYAL (Shah,/,)
951
Chilukuri Tripura Sundaramma v. Chilukuri Venkates-Warlu
alias
Ramchandram and Others,
A.I.R. 1949 Mad. 841; Jenab Ve/lathi and
othm v. Smt. K. Kadervel Thayammal, A.I.R. 1958 Mad. 23l; Shrikishan·
la/ and Others v. Ramnath Jankiprasad Ahir and others, I.L.R. 1944 Nag.
877; Budhi Ballabh and other> v. Jai Klshen Kandpal, 1963 A.LJ. 132,
Bhagwant Rambhau Khese v. Ramchandra Kesho Pathak,
A.I.R. 1953
Born. 129; Namdeo Lokman Lodhi v. Narmadabai and others, [1953]
S.C.R. 1009, 1025, referred to.
Having regard to the circumstances that valuable constructions were
put up on the land and that the tenants had deposited much larger
amount than due, the discretion was rightly exercised in favour of the
tenant.
In an appeal with special leave, this Court will not ordinarily
inte'rfere with an order made in exercise of the discretion of the Courts
below, specially when there was evidence that the tenants were guilty of
conduct disentitling them to relief against forfeiture for non-payment of
rent. [954 El
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 648 of
1966.
Appeal by special leave from the order dated December 4,
1964 of the Allahabad High Court in Second Appeal No. 3310
of 1964.
Sarjoo Prasad and J. P. Goyal, for the appellant.
R. K. Garg and A. N. Gayal, for respo.ndent No. 1.
R. K. Garg, D. P. Singh, S. C. Aganvala, Uma Dutt and
E
S. Chakravarti, for respondent No. 2.
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The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Shah, J. Under a deed dated October 28, 1949, Virendra
Goyal, the first respondf1!lt herein, obtained permanent tenancy
rights in 28 plots of land of the ownership of Lala Praduman
Kumar.
The tenant agreed to pay Rs. 250/- per annum as advance rent on the first day of January of each year, and in default
of payment of rent for two cqnsecutive years the tenancy rights
were to stand forfeited.
GoyaJ transferred his tenancy rights to
Lala Hukam Chand.
Pursuant to the lease severa1 tenements
were raised on the land demised.
The tenant failed to pay the rent accrued due for two years.
fhe appellant then s~rve~ a notice on January 4, 1960, terminat·
mg t~e tenancy and mst1!uted !In action in the Court of the City
Muns1ff, Saharanpur, agamst Vlfendra Goyal and Lala Hukam
Chand for a decree in ejectment and for an order for payment of
Rs. 545/11/- as rent and compensation.
Several contentions ~ere .raised in their written statement by
the defendants one of .which ~one is. material. The tenants prayed
~at they should be given rehef aga~t forfeiture of their tenancy
nghts under s. 114 of the Transfer of Property Act. In the Trial
952
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1969] 3 S.C.R.
Court the tenants deposited an amount of Rs. 1,099.34. The
Trial Judge held that the conditions relating .to deposit in Coun
of rent in arrear interest thereon, and costs of the suit were not
compiled with and decreed the plaintiff's claim. In appeal to the
District Court the tenant offered to pay the balance of the amount
of the rent due together with costs of the suit and appeal and interest at the rate of 6% per annum or such other rate as the Coun
may direct and deposit in Court Rs. 2,082.50 in the aggregate.
The ·]earned District Judge was of the view that the amount paid
by the tenants was in excess of the amount due by them and
obServed:
" .... the appellants have
deposited much more
amount than is due to the respondent as arrears of rent
the costs of the suit and of th.e appeal and the interest.
Tb.ere is no reason why benefit of section 114 of the
Transfer of Property Act be not given to the appellants
when they are ready and willing to pay much more
amount than is actually due to the respondent.
The
fact is that there are valuable constructiO!DS over the plot
and defendants dispossession would put them to a great
loss. It is for this reason that they are prepared to pay
the amount that may be demanded from them. I, therefore, find that the appellants are entitled to the benefit
of section 114 of the Transfer of Property Act and are
relieved against the forfeiture".
The second appeal against this decision was summarily dismissed
by the High Court of Allahabad.
In appeal to this Court counsel for the appellant contends :
(I) that jurisdiction under s. 114 of the Transfer of
Property Act to relieve against forfeiture for
non-payment of rent may only be exercised by
the Court of First Instance and not by the Coun
of Appeal;
( 2) that the Trial Court gave an opportunity to the
tenants to pay the amount of rent due together
with interest and costs, but the tenants failed to
avail themselves of the opportunity. In the circumstances the appellate Court had no jurisdiction to grant another opportunity to the tenants
to make the requisite payment and grant relief
against forfeiture of the tenancy;
( 3) that in any event, discretion was, in the circumstances, not properly exercised by the District
Court.
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PRADUMAN KUMAR V. VJRENDRA GOYAL/ (Shah, J.)
953
In our view, there is no substance in any of the contentions.
Section 114 of the Transfer of Property Act provides :-
"Where a lease of immovable property has determined by forfeiture for non-payment of rent, and the
lessor sues to eject the lessee, if, at the hearing of the
suit, the lessee pays or tenders to the lessor the rent in
arrear., together with interest thereon and his full costs
of the suit, or gives such security as the Court thinks
sufficient for making such payment within fifteen days,
the Court may, in lieu of making a decree for ejectment,
pass an order relieving the lessee against the forfeiture;
and thereupon the lessee shall hold the property leased
as if the forfeiture had not occurred".
The covenant of forfeiture of tenancy for non-payment of rent
is regarded by the Courts as merely a clause for securing payment
of rent, and unless the tenant has by his conduct disentitled himself to equitable relief the Courts grant relief against forfeiture
of tenancy un the tenant paying the rent due, interest thereon
and costs of the suit.
Jurisdiction to relieve against forfeiture
for non-payment of rent may be exercised by the Court if the
tenant in a suit in ejectment at the hearing of the suit pays the
arrears of rent together with interest there<¥! and full costs of the
suit. In terms s. 114 makes payment of rent at the hearing of
the suit in ejectment a condition of the exercise of the Courts'
jurisdiction but an appeal being a rehearing of the suit, in appropriate cases it is open to the appellate Court at the hearing
of the appeal to relieve the tenant in default against forfeiture.
Passing of a decree in ejectment· against the tenant by the Court
of First Instance does not take away the jurisdiction of the appellate Court to grant equitable relief. This is the view taken by the
High Courts in India : see . Chilukuri Tripura Sundaramma v.
Chilkuri Venketes-War/u alias
Ramchandram
and
others(')
lanab Vellathi and others v. Smt. K. Kadervel Thayamma/( 2 );
Shrikishanlal and others
v.
Ramnath Jankiprasad
Ahir and
others('); Budhi Ba//abh and others v. /ai Kishen Kandpal(').
The High Court of Bombay in cases arising under the Bombay
Rents, Hotel and Lodging House Rates Control Act, 1947, has
also expressed the same opinion in Bhagwant Rambhau Khesc v.
Raml:handra Kesho Pathak(').
. "!f e do not think that there is any bar to the exercise of jurisd1ct1on by the appellate court merely because in the Court of First
Instance relief against forfeiture was claimed by the tenants and
they failed to avail themselves of the opportunity of paying the
amount of rent together with interest thereon and costs of the suit.
(I) A.I.R. 1949 Mad. 841.
(3) l.L.R. 1944 Nag. 877.
(5) A.LR. 1953 Born. 129.
(2) A.l:R. i 958 Mad. 2,2.
(4) 1963 A.L.J. 132.
954
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
(1969] 3 S.C.R.
Failure to avail themselves of the opportunity does not operate
A
as a bar to the jurisdiction of the Appellate Court. The Appellate
Court may, having regard to the conduct of the tenant, decline to
exercise its discretion to grant him relief against forfeiture.
The
questiQil is not one of jurisdiction but of discretion.
This Court
in Namdeo Lokman Lodhi v. Narmadabai and others(')
has
observed at p. 1025 :
B
" ...... in exercising the discretion (under s. 114
of the Transfer of Property Act), each case must
be
judged by itself, the delay, the conduct of the parties
and the difficulties to which the landlord has been put
should be weighed
against
the
tenant
.
.
It is a maxim of equity that a person who comes in equity
C
must do equity and must come with clean hands and if
the conduct of the tenant is such that it disentitles him
to relief in equity. then the court's hands are not tied to
exercise it in his favour".
The District Court has observed that valuable constructions
had beein put up on the land leased and the tenants had deposited
D
an amount very much larger than the amount due to the landlord.
Having regard to the circumstances the District Court was Jf the
view that discretion should be exercised in favour of the tenants.
The High Court summarily dismissed the appeal. The High Court
must be taken to have confirmed the view of the District Court.
In an appeal with special leave, this Court will not ordinarily
J!!
interfere with an order made in exercise of the discretion of the
Courts below. specially when ther1;i is no evidence that the tenants
were guilty of conduct disentitling them to relief against forfeiture
for non-payment 0f rent.
The appeal therefore fails and is dismissed with costs.
F
Y.P.
Appeal dismissed.
(t) [1953] S.C.R. 1009, 1025.