# RATTAN LAL GUPTA & ORS. ETC. ETC v. SURAJ BHAN & ORS. ETC. ETC - **Citation:** [1974] 2 S.C.R. 555 - **Court:** Supreme Court of India - **Decided:** 1973-11-29 - **Case number:** Civil Appeals Nos. 15921595 of 1971 - **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/rattan-lal-gupta-ors-etc-etc-v-suraj-bhan-ors-etc-etc-6167 - **Pages:** 7 ## Headnote A B c D E F G H 555 RATTAN LAL GUPTA & ORS. ETC. ETC. v. SURAJ BHAN & ORS. ETC. ETC. November 29, 1973 [P. JAGANMOHAN REDDY, s. N. DWIVEDI AND P. K. GOSWAMI, JJ.). A1otor Vehicles Act, 1939-S.41(3}-lf the Regional Transport Authority could grant·ptrmits wit~out first fixing the strength. There were two bus routes-the Shorter and the longer routes-both being overlapoin~. On the shorter route, the strength of the stage carriage pennit was fixed at 17 in 1950. In July 1958 the Rcitiona1 Transoort Authority decided to extend the shorter route by about six miles (which is ca1Jed the longer route). Jn March, 1959 the strength of the shorter route was increased from 17 to 25. The State Transport Apocllate Tribunal approved the .extension of the shorter route. The R.T.A. advertised for eight vacancies in the shorter route and a number of applicacations had been reccive,d. Certain ·objections were raised to the increase in the streAAth and to the _Wrong description of the route. Jn August 1961 the RTA decided that the only route that survived was the longer route. The existing permits for the shorter route were in the meantime converted into perinits for the longer route. When appeliati.ts in the third group had applied for permits on the shorter route, obiections were raised that the shorter route had ceased to exist. Overruling the ob.iections, the RTA mnted eight permits to the appellants, which decision was upheld· by the State Tran1port Appellate Tribunal in August, 1967. The Hight Court held {i) that without fixing the stren!!:th first on.the longer route permits could not be granted for it{ii) that the RTA should have first decided whether there were two routes or one and then fixed the strength of the route or 1outes and that not having been done in accordance with law there was no proper disposal of the applications for permits~ (iii) that the reduction of the strength of 25 to 9 on the shorter route as done by the RTA was illegal. Dismissing the appeals of the appellants in the first and second groups· and allowing the appeal of the third group. HELD : As the RTA had not fixed -the number of permits for the longer route the grant of. perm_its for the longer route was .invalid. [560-0J Jn March, 1959 the RTA had fixed the number of permits for the shorter route at 25. As 17 permits had already been granted, the RTA invited applications fer eigkt vacancies in June, 1959. So the strength was fixed long before the invitation of applications for permits. At on~ stage the. RTA had taken the view that tf. shorter route had merged in the longer route but later it rectified the mistake and held that the shorter route and the longer route existed separately. The latter view of the RTA was correct in the then prevailing circumstances. {560·H] A decision to extend the shorter route to a longer distance under the U.P. Motor Vehicles Taxation Act will not automatically merge the shorter route in the longer route. For that purpose it was necessary for the RTA to take an independent decision under t.i.e Motor Vehicles Act. But no such decision was taken. The RTA realised the mistake and rectified it in its meeting of May, 1965. The decision of the RTA dated May, 1965 that the shorter route still existed with a strength of 25 stage caniages and that the shorter route and the longer route were ~parate routes was correct. [561-C-D] · TheRTA couldnot reducethestrengthoftheshorterroute from25 to9. There were, tlterefore, eight vacancies on the shorter route and the RTA could validly grant eight permits to the appellants in the third group. The High Court was wrong in quashing the grant of permits to the appellants in the third group,· [561-B-F] R. Obilaswaml Naidu v. Transport Appel/at• Trlbunal,.Madra> [196911 S.C.R. 730, Mis Jaya Ram MotQr Service v. S. Ra;arathlnan, C.A. No. 95 ot 1965 decided oil 27-10-1967, Mohd. Ibrahim •le. v. State Transport App•/lat• Tribunal, M•dras, 556 SUPREME COURT REP OR TS [1974) 2 s.c.R. etc .. [1971] 1 S.C.R. 523 ## Text A B c D E F G H 555 RATTAN LAL GUPTA & ORS. ETC. ETC. v. SURAJ BHAN & ORS. ETC. ETC. November 29, 1973 [P. JAGANMOHAN REDDY, s. N. DWIVEDI AND P. K. GOSWAMI, JJ.). A1otor Vehicles Act, 1939-S.41(3}-lf the Regional Transport Authority could grant·ptrmits wit~out first fixing the strength. There were two bus routes-the Shorter and the longer routes-both being overlapoin~. On the shorter route, the strength of the stage carriage pennit was fixed at 17 in 1950. In July 1958 the Rcitiona1 Transoort Authority decided to extend the shorter route by about six miles (which is ca1Jed the longer route). Jn March, 1959 the strength of the shorter route was increased from 17 to 25. The State Transport Apocllate Tribunal approved the .extension of the shorter route. The R.T.A. advertised for eight vacancies in the shorter route and a number of applicacations had been reccive,d. Certain ·objections were raised to the increase in the streAAth and to the _Wrong description of the route. Jn August 1961 the RTA decided that the only route that survived was the longer route. The existing permits for the shorter route were in the meantime converted into perinits for the longer route. When appeliati.ts in the third group had applied for permits on the shorter route, obiections were raised that the shorter route had ceased to exist. Overruling the ob.iections, the RTA mnted eight permits to the appellants, which decision was upheld· by the State Tran1port Appellate Tribunal in August, 1967. The Hight Court held {i) that without fixing the stren!!:th first on.the longer route permits could not be granted for it{ii) that the RTA should have first decided whether there were two routes or one and then fixed the strength of the route or 1outes and that not having been done in accordance with law there was no proper disposal of the applications for permits~ (iii) that the reduction of the strength of 25 to 9 on the shorter route as done by the RTA was illegal. Dismissing the appeals of the appellants in the first and second groups· and allowing the appeal of the third group. HELD : As the RTA had not fixed -the number of permits for the longer route the grant of. perm_its for the longer route was .invalid. [560-0J Jn March, 1959 the RTA had fixed the number of permits for the shorter route at 25. As 17 permits had already been granted, the RTA invited applications fer eigkt vacancies in June, 1959. So the strength was fixed long before the invitation of applications for permits. At on~ stage the. RTA had taken the view that tf. shorter route had merged in the longer route but later it rectified the mistake and held that the shorter route and the longer route existed separately. The latter view of the RTA was correct in the then prevailing circumstances. {560·H] A decision to extend the shorter route to a longer distance under the U.P. Motor Vehicles Taxation Act will not automatically merge the shorter route in the longer route. For that purpose it was necessary for the RTA to take an independent decision under t.i.e Motor Vehicles Act. But no such decision was taken. The RTA realised the mistake and rectified it in its meeting of May, 1965. The decision of the RTA dated May, 1965 that the shorter route still existed with a strength of 25 stage caniages and that the shorter route and the longer route were ~parate routes was correct. [561-C-D] · TheRTA couldnot reducethestrengthoftheshorterroute from25 to9. There were, tlterefore, eight vacancies on the shorter route and the RTA could validly grant eight permits to the appellants in the third group. The High Court was wrong in quashing the grant of permits to the appellants in the third group,· [561-B-F] R. Obilaswaml Naidu v. Transport Appel/at• Trlbunal,.Madra> [196911 S.C.R. 730, Mis Jaya Ram MotQr Service v. S. Ra;arathlnan, C.A. No. 95 ot 1965 decided oil 27-10-1967, Mohd. Ibrahim •le. v. State Transport App•/lat• Tribunal, M•dras, 556 SUPREME COURT REP OR TS [1974) 2 s.c.R. etc .. [1971] 1 S.C.R. 523, Abdul Mateen !. Ram Kai/ash Pandey, [1963] 3 S.C.R. 523 and Baluram v. State Transport Appel/ate, Authority, M.P., C. A. No. 527/65 decided on 22-3-1968, referred to. CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeals Nos. 15921595 of 1971. From the Judgment and Decree dated the 30th September, 1969, of the Allahabad High Court in Civil Miscellaneous Writ Nos. 5210, 5246, 5398 and 5410 of 1964. CIVIL APPEALS No. 1628-1631OP1971. From the Judgment and Decree dated the 30th September, 1969 of the Allahabad High Court in Civil Miscellaneous Writ Nos. 3216 3217, 3218of1967 and 12of1968. CIVIL APPEALS Nos. 1634--1639 OF 1971. From the Judgment and Order dated the 30th September, 1969 of the Allahabad High Court in Civil Miscellaneous Writ Nos. 3892, 3135, 3136 3137, 3138 and 3139of1967. AND SPECIAL LEAVE PETITIONS (Ch'IL) Nos. 1 094-~095 OF 1971. From the Judgment and Order dated the 30th September, 1969 and 28th July, 1971 of the Allahabad High Court in Civil Miscellaneous Writ Nos. 3927of1967 and SCA No. 643-A of 1969 respectively. Yogeshwar Prasad, S. K. Bagga, S. Bagga, Rani Arora and Indira Manchanda, for the appellants (in C. A. Nos. 1592-1595/71) and Petitioner in (SLPs Nos. 3094 & 3095/71). H.K. Puri, for respondent No. I (in C.A. No. 1593) and respondent. ~n C.A. nos. 1628, 1629 and 1630/71) R. K. Garg and S. C. Agrawala, for respondent Nos. I (in C.A. No. J 594 and Appellants (in C.A. No. 1628-31 and 1634--39/71) A B c D E E. C. Aggravala and A. T. M. Sampath, for respondents N<>s.1 and z (in 1595) and respondent no. 3 (in C.A. No. 1634/71). F J.P. Goyal and V. C. Parashar, for intervener (in C.A. Nos. 1592.- 95 and respondent no. 4 (in 1634-37) and respondent Nos. 4 and. 5 (in C.A. Nos. 1638-39/71) The Judgment of the Court was delivered by GOSWAMI, J.-There are three groups of appeals witl.i certificate G directed against the judgment of the Allahabad High Court of 20th September, 1969. The first group (Civil Appeals Nos. 1592-1595 of 1971) is by Rattan Lal Gupta, Uma Sharan Sharma, Sewa Ram, Dharam Das Agarwal, Land Lines Pvt. Ltd., Smt. Kusum Lata and Tribhuvan Kumar; the last two being the widow and son of Madan Mohan Lal, deceased. The second group (Civil Appeals Nos. 16281631 of 1971) is by Suraj Bhan (in Civil Appeal No. 1628 of 1971) H and others. The third group (Civil Appeals Nos. 1634-1639 of 1971) is by Harish Chandra, Mahendra Kumar Tayal, Shanti Swarup Jain, Mitranand Kaushaik, Baru Mal Agarwal, Gur Prasad, Richpal A B c n F R. L. GUPTA v, SURAJ BHAN (Goswami, J.) 557 Singh and Bhagwan Singh Sambi. There are also two Special Leave Petitions Nos. 3094-3095 of 1971 which have not been admitted but by an order of this Court dated 7th February, 1972, the petitioners were allowed to intervene in these appeals. The facts relating to the appeals have got to be narrated in some detail. On October 13, 1950, a route for stage carriage permit described as Muzaffarnagar-Budhana-Kandhla (hereinafter the shorter route) was classified as 'B' class route and the strength of the permit was fixed at 17. On July 18, 1958, the Regional Transport Authority (briefly RTA) Meerut decided to extend the route by about six miles upto Issupurteel (hereinafter the longer route). 01) March, 23, 1959, the RTA increased the strength or the shorter route from 17 to 25 under section 47(3) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 (briefly the Act). As there were already 17 permits in operation, the RTA on June 13, 1969, advertised for 8 vacancies in the shorter route and fixed July 27, 1959, as the last date for receiving the applications and it appears 1117 applications were received. The State Transport Appellate Tribunal (briefly STA) approved the extension of the route to Jssupurteel on AugUst 8, 1959. The applications which were received in response to the advertisement were published in the U. P. Gazette of September 15, 1962. There were some other applications on June 16, 1963, including a second application of M. N. Kaushik. These were also published in the U. P. Gazette on June 16, 1963. Mohds. Ibrahim filed his objections to the applications published on September IS, 1962. He objected to the increase in the strength and to the route being wrongly described in the advertisement. On 2nd to 4th August, 1961, the RTA had decided that there waspnly one route upto Issupurteel and that applications presented either upto Kandhla or upto lssupurteel should be considerd as presented for the entire route rfa., the longer route. The RTA also held that MuzaffarnagarBudhana-Kandhla route ceased to exist in 195~ by referring to its earlier resolution N<). 71 of 18th July 1958 and that thereafter the only route that survived was the longer route upto Issupurteel. It appears most of the existin11 permits for the shorter route were in the meantime converted into the longer route under section 57 (8) of the Act. Suraj Bhan's application for a permit was published on November 2, 1.963. Meanwhile 7 renewal applications from the existing pe mit holders ".ere .received ~etween N;ovem~r 4, 1963 and May 18, l9M, in antic1p.a1Ion of expiry of their permits. The appellants in the first group obiected to these renewals and prayed for grant of fresh permits to G them for the lonaer route. On June 13, 1964, their objections to the " renewals as well as those for fresh permits were published in the Gazette. On July 4, 1964 some more applications were published for the longer route. To &ive some more details, thirteen applications for the lonacr totite were published on July I, 1961; twenty -seven on June )5, 1963 and two on November 2, 1963. Mohd. Ibrahim and H his union .of the existini operators objected to these applications. On ~8th. and 29th August, 1964,, tLe RTA co,nsidered only 11 renewal appltcattons and 12 fresh apphcations and other applications were not even put up before the RTA. The RTA ordered renewal' of 11 permits and rejected the objection to the renewal of!)le appellants in JO--M002SupCl/7~. · 558 SUPREME COURT REPOll.TS (1974) 2 S.c.R. the first lfOUp as well as their applications for fresh permits. The A ground given was that none of the objectors and 12 a,pplicants for fresh permits had turned up. The appellants in the first group appealed to the STA impleading 8 out of the 11 renewal permit hol· ders. The STA by its order dated November 10, 1964, set aside the order of the RTA dated 28th /29th August, 1964. Four writ petitions were filed in 1964 against the order of STA dated November 10, 1964. Tho appellants in the third group had applied for permits on the shorB ter route. Certain persons had objected to their applications on the grouad that the shorter route had ceased to exist. On May 6-8, 1965, their objections were overruled, and the RTA granted 8 permits to the said appellants. This order was upheld by the STA on August 29, 1967. There were 19 other writ petitions of 1967 and 1968 before the High Court which were also heard together. Of these five pctitiom were directed against the order of the STA of August 29, c 1967. Seven petitions were directed against the orders of both the RTA and of the STA made respectively on 6th to 8th May, 1965 [item 30 (a)] and on 29th August, 1967. Seven more petitions were directed against the. orders of the RTA of 6th to 8th May, 1965 [item (c)] and of the STA of 29th August, 1967. With reference to the first group of writ petitions, the High Court held that the strength of 25 had not been fixed by the RTA for the. D longer route. It further held that the grant of six permits forthwith on the longer route was illegal that since the number of applicants for permits on this route were in excess of the number of permits which could be granted, no grant could be made without first fixing the strength of the longer route. The High Court, therefore,. set aside tho ordCi' of the STA dated November 10, 1964. It also at the same time set aside that part of the order of the RTA'of 28th/29th August, 1964, E by which their applications for fresh permits Ii.ad also been rejected. Tho High Court also quashed the orders of the-RTA and STA dated May 6-8, 1965 and August 29, 1967 respectively. The High Court further observed that "until the shorter and the longer routes were held on legally relevant considerations to be separate for purposes of granting permits, all the pending applications whether for the extended or unextended.route should have been taken up together". p Since this was not done by the RTA nor by the STA, the orders of both were "vitiated by patent illegality as. regards applications for fresh permits". The High Court also noted that it was admitted by ~u the parties that the strength of 25 had been fixed fort.he unextended route and that no strength of the extended route had been fixed at all. That being the position, following the decisions of this Court in R. @bi/a.swami Naidu v. TransportAppe/late Tribunal, Madras(l) and G M/s Jay:i Ram Motor Service v. S. Rajarathinan (2), the ·High Court held that without fixing the strength first on the longer route permits could not be granted for it. On the question of routes, the High Court observed that the RTA should have first decided whether there were two routes or one route and then fixed th.e strength of the route or routes and that not having so done, in accordance with law, there was no proper disposal of the applications for permits. The High H Court further pointed out that the reduction of the streni:th of 25. to (1) 119691 ! S. C. R. 730. (2j C. A. No. 95 of 1965 decided on 27·10·'7. A B c D F G H R. L. GUPTA v. SURAJ BHAN (Goswami, J.) 559 9 in the shorter route in the manner done by the RTA was illegal. The High Court finally decided as follows : "In our opinion, the applications of all the petitioners and the contesting opposite parties could be properly considered by the Transport Authorities only after deciding the follow· ing questions on relevant considerations contained in sec· tions 47 (1) of the Act : (a) Whether it is necessary to notionally separate the whole route into two overlapping routes for the purposes of granting permits ? (b) What should be the strength on the whole route, or, if it is decided to fix two routes, one within the other, the respective strengths of the two routes"? The High Court gave also other appropriate directions in the de· cision. The learned counsel, Mr. Yogeshwar Prasad, at first made some submissions with regard to abatement of the writ applications before the High Court on account of non-substitution of the heirs and legal representatives of deceased, Madan Mohan Lal. But be finally did not press the same. The learned counsel, however, submitted that there was no defect or lack of jurisdiction in the order of the STA to merit interference by the High Court. He further submitted that the strength of the longer route was fixed and the longer route was in existence and the STA was perfectly justified in granting the permits by their order of November 10, 1964. Mr. Garg, on the other hand, submitted that there was a shorter route and its strength was rightly reduced to nin,e and the nine permits were validly gcanted. His further contention is that in the absence of the strength being fixed for the longer route and of consideration of all the applications for the longer. route, grant of permits to Rattan Lal Gupta and others was bad. Mr. Goyal drew our attention to the fact that in the absence of special orders of this Court his client waq granted permits by the RTA on June 3, 1973, on the longer route. The learned counsel, therefore, supports the judgment of the High Court. The controversies in these appeals centre round grant of stage carriage permits appertaining, as claimed, to two routes, one shorter and the other longer, mentioned above and both being admittedly overlapping. At first we shall consider the appeals relating to the longer route. It has been held in Mohd. Ibrahim etc. v. State Trans· port Appellate Tribunal, Madras, etc.,(1) following the earlier decisions in Abdul Mateen v. Ram Kai/ash Pandey (2), M/s Jaya Ram Motor S-rvice (3), Baluram v. State Transport Appellate Authority U.P.(') and R. Obi!aswami Naidu(') as follows l "The next question which falls for determination is the point of time when a Regional Transport Authority will -(I) [19711 I S.c.R.474.--- (l) [1963] 3 S.C.R. 523. (3) C.A. No. 9~/1965 decided on 27-10·1967. (4) C.A. 727/65 decided on 22-3-68. (5) [1969] I S.C.R. 730. 560 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1974] 2 S.C.R. under section 47(3) of the Act fix the limit of number of stage carriage permits. This Court in Abdul Mateen's case (4) said that the general order. by the Regional Transport Authority under section 47 (3) of the Act in regard to the limit of number of stage carriage permits can be modified only by the Regional Transport authority when exercising the jurisdiction under section 47(3) of the Act. The RegiPnal Transport Authority while acting under section 43 of the Act in regard to the grant of permits ha• no jurisdiction and authority to modify any order passed by the Regional Transport Authority under section 47 (3) of the Act. In other words, the limit fixed by the Regional Transport Authority under section 47(3) of the Act cannot be altered by the Regional Transport Authority at the time of grant of permits. It is, therefore, established that the determination oflimit pf number of permits is to be made before the grant of permits. That is why section 48 of the Act is prefaced with the words "subject to the provisions of section 47 of the Act" meaning thereby that the jurisdiction of the Region:il Transport Authority to grant permits is subject to the determination of the li:nit d m:mkr 0f permits under section 47 (3) of the Act. Tc:, Comt stoke! the legal position in Al/s Jay a Ranz 111.otor s·errf.:-<.: ·s c-~:-.c(.:) and said 'It is therefore clear that the authority hr1s first to fix the limit and after having done so consider tl1e appli· cation or the representations in connection therewith in accordance with the procedure'iaid down in section 57 of the Act'. Again in the case of R. Obilaswami Naidu (I) this Court considered the submission in that case as to whether the Re3ional Transport Authority could decide the number of permits while considering applications for permits. This Court did not accept the submission because such a view could allow an operator who happened to apply first to be in a commanding position with the result that the Regional Transport Authority would have no opportunity to choose between competing operators and public interest might suffer. In the same case it is again said that the determination of the number of stage carriages · for which stage carriage permits may bO, granted for the route is to be done first and thereafter applications for permits are to be entertained". As the R. A. had not fixed the number of permits for the longer route. we agree with the High Court that the grant of permits for the longer route is invalid. But the legal position in regard to the grant of permits on the shorter route is different. Admittedly, on March 23, 1959, the RTA had fixed the number of permits for this route at 25. As 17 permits had already been granted, the RTA .invited application for eight vacancies on June 13, 1959. So the strength was fixed long before the invitation of applic~tions for permits. It is true that at one stage the RTA had taken the view that the shorter route had merged in the longer route; but later it rectified the mistake --. A B c E p G H A B c D E -~' ' F G H R. L, GUPTA v. SURAJ BHAN (Goswami, J.) 561 and held that the shorter route and the longer route existed separately. We think that the second view of the RTA was correct in the then prevailing circumstances. On July 18, 1958, the RTA resolved that "Muzaffarnagar-Budhana-Kandhla route be extended to GangeruIssupurteel". The extension was made under the U.P. Motor Vehicles taxation Act. At rio time the RTA has taken a decision for abolishing the shorter route. In its meeting on August 2·4, 1961, the RTA upheld the objection that the shorter route had ceased to exist. The RTA said, "Originally Muzaffarnagar-Budhana-Kan. dhla was the name of the route. Subsequently