# STATE OF KERALA v. M. T. JOSEPH - **Citation:** [1977] 2 S.C.R. 178 - **Court:** Supreme Court of India - **Decided:** 1976-11-25 - **Case number:** Civil Appeal Nos. 587-696 & 598-600 of 1976 - **Bench:** A. N. Ray, M. H. Beg, Jaswant Singh - **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/state-of-kerala-v-m-t-joseph-7023 - **Pages:** 4 ## Headnote Kera/a Land Reforms Act J 963-Kerala Government Land Assig11111wt Act 1960-Sec. 8--Whether after a person acquires title '" Government land any further restrictfons can be imposed. The Government of Travancore sanctioned a scheme for the reclamation of the Yimbana Lake upon terms and conditions contained in a document dated 4-10-1963. The document provided that one Joseph his father on payment of Rs. 10 /- per acre which was to be recovered in 10 equal i'llSlalments would be given possession of ce11ain tracts of land which they undertook to reclaim. The said agreement was modified by an order dated 12-2-1941 and a fresh agreement was executed in July 1941. The said agreement provided that till the remittances of all amounts clue to the Government by way of land value are paid the executant shall have no right of alienation in respect of the property in question and that till then the property shall remain with the Government as sole owner. lt further provided that, until the entire land value is paid by the executan~ and until the assignment of the land and issue of Patta is completed, the excutant undertook not to do any act which might reduce the value of the property. Joseph complied with the conditions laid down in the agreement and acquired full ownership rights by fulfilling the said terms. br 1957, Joseph executed a deed of settlement of this land. Thereafter Kerala Land Reforms Act of 1963 was passed so that the State Land Bo;ird started pro:eedings for the surrender of the land. The question before the I.and Board was whether the whole land should be treated as a single unit belonging to Joseph or whether it may be divided and treated as separate units of persons in whose favour Joseph made the settlement. If the children of Joseph had acquired rights under the settlement each of them could be treated as entitled to compem:ation for a separate unit. The State relied on section 8 of the Kcrala Government Land Assignment Act 1960 which provides that all provisions, restrictions conditions and limitations contained in any Patta or other document evidencing an assignment of Government land shall be valid and take effect according to their tenure, any rule of law or usage to the contrary notwithstanding. Dismissing the appeal, HELD: The terms in the 1941 agreement operated as a restraint: upon the alientation of the rights only so long as all the amounts due to the Government by way of land revenue were not paid up. Since, in the present case the entire amount had been paid by 10 yearly instalments before the year 1957 and since the Government had effected the mutation in its record acting upoH the r-cttlement of 1957 in favour of the children of Jo~cph, it could not be said that there was any patta or other documents containing any condition to which section 8 of the Act applied. The children derived rights under the deed. of settlement and therefore, each of them is entitled to compe>nsation for a scpara~c unit. [180 C-E] ## Text A B c D E F G H 178 STATE OF KERALA v. M. T. JOSEPH November 25, 1976 [A. N. RAY, C.J., M. H. BEG AND JASWANT SINGH, JJ.] Kera/a Land Reforms Act J 963-Kerala Government Land Assig11111wt Act 1960-Sec. 8--Whether after a person acquires title '" Government land any further restrictfons can be imposed. The Government of Travancore sanctioned a scheme for the reclamation of the Yimbana Lake upon terms and conditions contained in a document dated 4-10-1963. The document provided that one Joseph his father on payment of Rs. 10 /- per acre which was to be recovered in 10 equal i'llSlalments would be given possession of ce11ain tracts of land which they undertook to reclaim. The said agreement was modified by an order dated 12-2-1941 and a fresh agreement was executed in July 1941. The said agreement provided that till the remittances of all amounts clue to the Government by way of land value are paid the executant shall have no right of alienation in respect of the property in question and that till then the property shall remain with the Government as sole owner. lt further provided that, until the entire land value is paid by the executan~ and until the assignment of the land and issue of Patta is completed, the excutant undertook not to do any act which might reduce the value of the property. Joseph complied with the conditions laid down in the agreement and acquired full ownership rights by fulfilling the said terms. br 1957, Joseph executed a deed of settlement of this land. Thereafter Kerala Land Reforms Act of 1963 was passed so that the State Land Bo;ird started pro:eedings for the surrender of the land. The question before the I.and Board was whether the whole land should be treated as a single unit belonging to Joseph or whether it may be divided and treated as separate units of persons in whose favour Joseph made the settlement. If the children of Joseph had acquired rights under the settlement each of them could be treated as entitled to compem:ation for a separate unit. The State relied on section 8 of the Kcrala Government Land Assignment Act 1960 which provides that all provisions, restrictions conditions and limitations contained in any Patta or other document evidencing an assignment of Government land shall be valid and take effect according to their tenure, any rule of law or usage to the contrary notwithstanding. Dismissing the appeal, HELD: The terms in the 1941 agreement operated as a restraint: upon the alientation of the rights only so long as all the amounts due to the Government by way of land revenue were not paid up. Since, in the present case the entire amount had been paid by 10 yearly instalments before the year 1957 and since the Government had effected the mutation in its record acting upoH the r-cttlement of 1957 in favour of the children of Jo~cph, it could not be said that there was any patta or other documents containing any condition to which section 8 of the Act applied. The children derived rights under the deed. of settlement and therefore, each of them is entitled to compe>nsation for a scpara~c unit. [180 C-E] CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal Nos. 587-696 & 598-600 of 1976. (Appeals by Special Leave from the Judgment and order dated 13th of July 1975 of the Kerala High Court in CRP Nos. 1188, 1227, 1250, 1272, 1278, 1279, 1284-1287, 1309, 1312 and 1386/73). -KERALA V. M. T. JOSEPH (Beg, J.) 179 M. M. Abdul Khader., Adv.. Genl. and K. M. K. Nair, for the Apll_)ellan ts. T. S. Krislmamoorthy Iyer and P. K. Pilldi, for RR. excepting R. 8 in CA 587 /76. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by BEG, J.-These appeals by special leave raise the question whether .the Kerala High Court had correctly interpreted and applied Section S .of the Kerala Govt. Land Assignment Act, 1960 (hereinafter referred .to as 'the Act') to the cases before us. This provision reads as follows : "8. All provisions, restrictions, conditions and limitations over, contained in any Patta or other document evidencing an assignment of Government land shall be valid and take effect according to their tenor, any rule of law of usage to the contrary notwithstanding"'. The facts upon which the provision was sought to be applied are these: On 23 October, 1939, the Government of Travancore sanctioned a scheme for the reclamation of the Vimbana Lake upon terrns and conditions which were set forth in a document dated 4 October, 1939. The agreement provided that one M. T. Joseph and his father, -on payment of Rs. 10/- per acre, which were to be recovered in ten equal instalments, would be given possession of certain tracts of land which they undertook to reclaim. For the first two years after what is called the "Registry" of the names of the two lessees no tax was to be levied. The "Registry" was liable to be cancelled if adequate\ progress was not made within these two years. It appears that the agreement was modified by an order dated 12 February, 1941 and a fresh agreement was executed in July 1941 by M. T. Jo'5eph (now dead) who entered into possession of Keyal land, constructed the ring bunds at considerable expense, and brought the very large tracts of alnd to be reclaimed under paddy cultivation. In June 1957, M. T. Joseph •executed a deed of settlement of all this land, after he had acquired full ownership rights by fulfilling the terms of the agreement. The Act which is sought to be now applied was then passed. After that, the Kerala Land Reforms Act of 1963 was passed so that the '"State Land Board" started proceedings for the surrender of these lands in accordance with the provisions of the Land Reforms Act. The only question now before us is whether, by an application of section 8 of the- Act, the whole land is to be treated as a single unit belonging to M. T. Joseph (since dead), on the dispositions made by M. T. Joseph, under the deed of settlement executed by him on 15th June, 1957, distributing the land among his children, resulted in separate units for the purposes of compe111Sation for the land surrendered. If the children had acquired right under. the deed of settlement each of them could be treated as entitled to compensation for a separate! unit. If the deed was of no effect, the mere fact that the children were in . possession, under an authority from their father could not change the owner-ship of the land in the constructive possession of the father. We have bs;en taken through the deed of agreement of July, 1941, with the Government, which contains the following term, the effect of which has to be determined: A B c D E F G H A B c D E F G H 180 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1977] 2 s.c.R. . "Till the remittance of all amounts due to the Government by way tharavila (land value) etc. the executant shall have no right of alienation in respect of the schedule property and the property shall remain with the Government as sole owner. The executant shall remit the tax at the thirteenth thoram in the village office every year after the first two years of registry so loog as no default is made in the payment of instalment and obtain receipt therefor. Until the entire tharavila (land value under this agreement as st<1ted above is paid by the executant and until the assignment of the land and issue of patta is completed the executant undertakes not to do any act which may reduce the value of the propercy and if as stated above due to any reason the property is recovered from the executant he shall not put forward any claim for improvements etc. and the property shall be surr.ondct\~J to Government". It is clear to us that this term in the agreement operated as a restraint upon the alienation of rights onjy so long as all the amounts due to the Government as Tharavila had not been paid up. The whole amount had to be paid up in ten yearly instalments. It ha:s b~cn paid up before 1957. Furthermore, as the Kerala High Court found, the settlement of land on 15th June, 1957 had not merely been given effect to by a mutation in the relevant Government records but pattas had actually been given by the Government, actin~ upon the settlement of 1957, in favour of the children of M. T. Joseph. Hence. it could not be said that there was any patta or other document containing any condition to which Section 8 of the Act could apply. We find. from the Judgment under appeal, that seve;ral questions. which have no real bearing on the rights of the parties, were also argued. One of these questions was whether land could be acquired by adverse posse