# STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH v. LAXMISHANKAR MISHRA AND ORS. ETC

- **Citation:** [1979] 3 S.C.R. 630
- **Court:** Supreme Court of India
- **Decided:** 1979-03-29
- **Bench:** D. A. Desai, A. P. Sen
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/state-of-madhya-pradesh-v-laxmishankar-mishra-and-ors-etc-7656
- **Pages:** 6

## Headnote

Madhya Pradesh Local Authorities School Teachers (Absorption in Government Service) Rules, 1963, Rule 3(b)-lnterpretation of the words "should have
worked on the post for a minin1um period of 7 years''.
The Madhya Pradesh Local Authorities School Teachers (Absorption in
Government Service) Act provided for absorbing teachers serving in Middle ·
Schools and Primary Schools managed by local authorities
in Government
service.
The relevant rule for absorption enacted under the Act in rule 3 and rule
3 (b) reod "" follows :
"3(b) For absorption on the post of Head Master/Principal of a High/
Higher Secondary School, the person concerned should possess the
poet graduate
degree and should have worked on the post for a
minimum period of 7 years in the same institution and should have
10 years' teaching experience in any recognised institution of Madhya
Pradesh".
On the question of interpretation of the words "should have worked on
the post for a minimum period of seven years" the High Court was of the
view that the period during which a Head Master fPrincipal worked as inobarge
Principal ought to be taken into account for computing the period of 7 years.
Dismissing the special leave petitions by the State the Court,
HELD : 1, While computing the period of 7 years for the
purpose of
rule 3 (b) what is determinative is performing duties and discharging functions
of the post of Head Master /Principal irrespective of the c..apacity in whick the
p~.at was hold. [635. CJ
2. The absorption of a person as Principal under rnle 3 (b) does not depend
on rank but on the nature of functions and duties that is incumbent disch&rges
for a particular number of years (i.e.) the duties of a Principal for a period of
seven years. The language, in the instant case, indicates emphasis 011 work
being done while on the post irrespective of capacity. [635 B~CJ
Ramrattan v. State of M.P. and Ors., I.L.R. 1964 M.P. 242; State of Madhya
Pradesh v. Ookul Prasad, [1971] M.P.LJ. 609; Giria Shanker v. S.D.0. Barda
and Or.•., A.I.R. 1973 M.P. 104; distinguished.
3. On a pure grammatical construction of the expression. "should
have
worked on the post for a minimum period of seven years in the same institution",
it is clear that the person claiming to be absorbed must have worked on the
post of Head Master/Principal Of a HighjHigher Secondary School i0r a
minim11m period of 7 years, the emphasis being on the experience gained by
working on the said post. A person in charge of the post also worb and
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MADHYA PRADESH v. LAXMISHANKAR (Desai, J.)
631
di,.licharges the duties and functions of the post of which he has taken charge.
A
Even an officiating incumbent of the post does discharge the functions and
duties of the post. If the rule expressly did not make
any differentiation
between the persons working as a confirmed holder of substantive post and an
incharge or officiating holder of the post, there is nothing in the expression
itself which by necessary implication excludes service in any other capacity
except as a confirmed Hea<i Master/Principal in a substantive post.
(633 D-E, G-HJ
B
Qonfirmation in a post being one of the glorious uncertainties of service as
observed by this Court in S. B. Patwardhan's case, it is rational to believe that
the framers of the rule did not want to attach any importance to the capacity
in which the post is held but the emphasis was on working on the post meaning
'thereby discharging 'the duties and performing the functions assigned
to the
'
post. [634 C-D]
C
S. B. Patwardhan and Ors. etc. v. State of Maharashtra and Ors., (1977] 3
SCR 775; applied .
CML APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Special Leave Petition (Civil)
Nos. 4062-4066 of 1978.
From the Orders dated 11-1-1978 of the Madhya Pradesh High
Court in M.P. Nos. 390, 391, 393, 395 and 397 /75.
AND
SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 4069 of 1978.
D
From the Order dated 5-1-78 of the Madhya Pradesh High Court
E
in M.P. No. 580/75.
S. K. Gambhir for the Petitioners in a

## Text

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630
.STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH
v.
LAXMISHANKAR MISHRA AND ORS. ETC.
March 29, 1979
[D. A. DESAI AND A. P. SEN, JJ.)
Madhya Pradesh Local Authorities School Teachers (Absorption in Government Service) Rules, 1963, Rule 3(b)-lnterpretation of the words "should have
worked on the post for a minin1um period of 7 years''.
The Madhya Pradesh Local Authorities School Teachers (Absorption in
Government Service) Act provided for absorbing teachers serving in Middle ·
Schools and Primary Schools managed by local authorities
in Government
service.
The relevant rule for absorption enacted under the Act in rule 3 and rule
3 (b) reod "" follows :
"3(b) For absorption on the post of Head Master/Principal of a High/
Higher Secondary School, the person concerned should possess the
poet graduate
degree and should have worked on the post for a
minimum period of 7 years in the same institution and should have
10 years' teaching experience in any recognised institution of Madhya
Pradesh".
On the question of interpretation of the words "should have worked on
the post for a minimum period of seven years" the High Court was of the
view that the period during which a Head Master fPrincipal worked as inobarge
Principal ought to be taken into account for computing the period of 7 years.
Dismissing the special leave petitions by the State the Court,
HELD : 1, While computing the period of 7 years for the
purpose of
rule 3 (b) what is determinative is performing duties and discharging functions
of the post of Head Master /Principal irrespective of the c..apacity in whick the
p~.at was hold. [635. CJ
2. The absorption of a person as Principal under rnle 3 (b) does not depend
on rank but on the nature of functions and duties that is incumbent disch&rges
for a particular number of years (i.e.) the duties of a Principal for a period of
seven years. The language, in the instant case, indicates emphasis 011 work
being done while on the post irrespective of capacity. [635 B~CJ
Ramrattan v. State of M.P. and Ors., I.L.R. 1964 M.P. 242; State of Madhya
Pradesh v. Ookul Prasad, [1971] M.P.LJ. 609; Giria Shanker v. S.D.0. Barda
and Or.•., A.I.R. 1973 M.P. 104; distinguished.
3. On a pure grammatical construction of the expression. "should
have
worked on the post for a minimum period of seven years in the same institution",
it is clear that the person claiming to be absorbed must have worked on the
post of Head Master/Principal Of a HighjHigher Secondary School i0r a
minim11m period of 7 years, the emphasis being on the experience gained by
working on the said post. A person in charge of the post also worb and
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MADHYA PRADESH v. LAXMISHANKAR (Desai, J.)
631
di,.licharges the duties and functions of the post of which he has taken charge.
A
Even an officiating incumbent of the post does discharge the functions and
duties of the post. If the rule expressly did not make
any differentiation
between the persons working as a confirmed holder of substantive post and an
incharge or officiating holder of the post, there is nothing in the expression
itself which by necessary implication excludes service in any other capacity
except as a confirmed Hea<i Master/Principal in a substantive post.
(633 D-E, G-HJ
B
Qonfirmation in a post being one of the glorious uncertainties of service as
observed by this Court in S. B. Patwardhan's case, it is rational to believe that
the framers of the rule did not want to attach any importance to the capacity
in which the post is held but the emphasis was on working on the post meaning
'thereby discharging 'the duties and performing the functions assigned
to the
'
post. [634 C-D]
C
S. B. Patwardhan and Ors. etc. v. State of Maharashtra and Ors., (1977] 3
SCR 775; applied .
CML APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Special Leave Petition (Civil)
Nos. 4062-4066 of 1978.
From the Orders dated 11-1-1978 of the Madhya Pradesh High
Court in M.P. Nos. 390, 391, 393, 395 and 397 /75.
AND
SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 4069 of 1978.
D
From the Order dated 5-1-78 of the Madhya Pradesh High Court
E
in M.P. No. 580/75.
S. K. Gambhir for the Petitioners in all the S. L. Ps.
The Order of the Court was delivered b_y
DESAI, J. Mr. Gambhir, learned counsel
for
the
petitioner
infonr_ed us that a number of petitions are pending in the High
Court of Madhya Pradesh in which the question raised in the present
group of petitions is involved and as we are not inclined to
grant
leave, we would rather indicate our reasons by a speaking ord~r.
At the commencement of the British Raj both in the Raj ruled
area of India and the princely States institutions of higher education
were set up and manned under Government aegis. As the demand for
institutions of higher education increased with the
proliferation
of
State activity and need of white collar employees., these institutions
speedily mu\t1plied and they were generally set up and manned by
educational societies or local authorities.
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The turmoil since independence and especially in the last one and
H
a ha'f decade in the world of academicians led to the reversal of the
policy of Gc.~ernment directly setting up educational institutions and
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632
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1979] 3 s.c.R.
in fact whatever they had set up, being slowly handed over to educational sociellc5 and/or local authorities, and it has turned a full circle.
The grievar.ce of the teachers in such school
manifested
in the
demand . for taking over of such institutions by the State and all over
the country the transition has begun.
In MaJhya Pradesh the State regulated the functioning and standards of academic instruction in 'Higher Secondary Schools under
Madhya Praaesh Madhyamik Shiksha Adhiniyem, 1965. This supervisory role of the State hardly improved the situation with the Tesnlt
that tensions increased and the demand became louder that these
institutions should be taken over by the Government for its
direct
management and the teachers should be accorded the status of Government servants.
The State Government responded to this demand
by
enactin~
the Madhya Pradesh Local Authorities School Teachers (Abso'iption
in Government Service) Act, 1963
('the Act' for short). The Act
provided for absorbing teachers serving in Middle Schools and Primary Schools managed by local authorities in Government· service.
The rckvant rule for absorption is rule 3 of the Rules enacted
under the Act. In these petitions we are concerned with rule 3(b)
which reads as under :
"3 (b). For absorption on the pog of Head Master/
Principal of a High/Higher Secondary School, the person
concerned should possess the post graduate degree and should
have worked on the pest for a minimum period of 7 years in
the same institution and should have 10 years
teaching
experience in any recognised institution of Madhya Pradesh''.
While implementing the aforementioned
rule
there
arose
a
cleavage on the interpretation of the rule, the concerned teacher. contending that what is relevant is that working on the post for . a .minimum period of 7 years would for the purpose of computation of 7
·years include service even as incharge Head Master/Principal or
officiating service in the post whereas 'the State contended that the
(eacber claiming to be absorbed as Head Master/Principal
should
have worktd as a confirmed Head Master /Principal in a substantive
pest for the full period of 7 years. The State in accordance with its
interpretation declined absorption to a number of Head
Masters/
Principals \\h1ch led to the filing of a number of writ petitions in the
Madhya Pradesh High Court.
It appears that this question was first examined by the Madhya Pradesh High Court in Satyendra Prasanna Singh Yadav v.
State of
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MADHYA PRADESH v. LAXMISHANKAR (Desai, l.)
633
Madhya Pradesh & 3 Ors.('), in whlch the ijigh Court took the view
that the period during which a Head Master/Principal worked as
incharge Principal ought to be taken into account for computing the
period of 7 years. Following this decision the present group of petitions were allowed by a Division Bench of the Madhya Pradesh High
Court and an application for leave to appeal to this Court under
Article 133 of the Constitution was rejected. Hence the State
of
Madhya Pradesh has filed this group of petitions for special leave to
appeal. It may be mentioned that the earlier decision
which the
High Court seeks to follow appears to have been accepted by the
State of Madhya Pradesh.
Mr. Gambhir, learned counsel for the petitioner urged that the expression : "should have worked on the post for a minimum period of
7 years in the same institution" would, in the context of the rule and
the consequences flowing from it, mean only a substantive post on
which the Head Master/Principal was confirmed and the confirmed
holder of t!1e substantive post for a period of 7 years would be entitled
to absorption as envisaged by rule 3 (b). On a pure grammatical construction of the expression it would indisputably appear that the person
claiming to be absorbed must have worked on the post of Head Master/
Principal of a High/Higher Secondary School for a minimum period
of 7 years. Emphasis is on the experience gained by working on the
post of Head Master/Principal. A person incharge of the post also
works and discharges the duties and functions of the post of which he
has taken cl1arge. Even an officiating incumbent of the post does discharge the functions and duties of the post.
While examining the
relative positions of confirmed Deputy Engineers and Officiating Deputy
Engineers in .S. B. Patwardhan & Ors. etc. v. State of Maharashtra
& Ors., (2) this Court observed that the officiating Deputy Engineers
discharge identical functions, bear similar responsibilities and acquire
an equal amount of experience in the respective assignments. Viewed
from this angie, the confirmed holder of a substantive post would be
discharging the functions attached to the post and when some one is
placed in ilmt very post in an officiating capacity or directed to hold
charge of tbe post, he would be required to perform the duties and
discharge the functions of the post rendering identical service. If the
rule expressly did not make any differentiation between the persons
working as a confirmed holder of substantive post and an incharge or
officiating holder of the post, is there anything in the expression itself
which by nettssary inlplication excludes service in any other capacity
except as a confirmed H_ead Master/Principal in a substantive post? A
(!) Misc. Petition No. 368 of 1973, decided on 144-1976
(2) [1977] 3 S.C.R. 775.
2-330SCI/79
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634
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1979] 3 S.C.R.
..
confirmed holder of a substantive post may look tautologous because
one can only be confirmed in the substantive post.
Now, every High School or Higher Secondary School must
of
necessity have the post of Head Master/Principal and it was nowhere
suggested that there would not be a post of Head Master/Principal.
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If that would mean that there was always a substantive post of Head
Master/Principal it may be that the confirmed holder of the post may
be away and not in a position to discharge the duties and some one
may be appomted in an officiating capacity or may be directed to hold
charge but none-the-less such holder of the post will have to paform
duties and discharge functions attached to the post.
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Further, the emphasis in the expression is on working on the post
meaning thereby performing the duties and discharging the functions
assigned to the post and not the capacity in which the post is held.
Confirmation in a post being one of the glorious uncertainties of "ervice
as observed by this Court in S. B. Patwardhan's case, (supra)
it is
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rational to believe that the framers of the rule did not want to attach
any importance to the capacity in which the post is held but the emphasis was on working on the post meaning thereby discharging
the
duties and performing the functions assigned to the post.
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Our attention was drawn to State of Assam & Ors. v. Shri Kanak
Chandra Dutta('). We fail to see bow this decision can assist in deciding the question one way or the other. The question that came for
consideration of this Court was : whether the holder of a post designated as Moujadar in the Assam valley was holding a civil post in the
context of Article 311 of the Constitution ? After examining the duties
and functions attached to the post of Moujadar, this Court held that
a post can exist apart from the b9lder of the post and that Moujadar
is the holder of a civil post under the State and that it makes
no
difference that he is remunerated by way of a commission on the collection of Government dues and does not draw a salary. In fact, if at
all this decision helps, it would fortify the view which we are taking
that the post is independent of the holder thereof and the requirement
of the rule is that the person claiming to be absorbed must have
worked in the post of Head Master/Principal.
Perhaps there would have been some merit in the submission on
behalf of the petitioner if in rule 3 (b) the words used were "who held
the post" but the language in rule 3 (b) is so materially different and it
speaks that a person should have worked on the post. The State was
apparently wrong in introducing the element of rank for the purpose
(I) [1967] l S.C.R. 679.
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MADHYA PRADESH v. LAXMISHANKAR (Desai, !.)
63 5
<lf rule 3 (b). The controversy that surfaced in Ramrattan v. Siate of
Madhya Prad<sh & Ors.,( 1) and the subsequent decision in State of
Madhya Prc1desh v. Gokul Prasad, (2) which led to a reference to a
Full Bench in Girja Shankar v. S.D.O., Harda & Ors.,(8) on account
<lf the use of the expressions such as "person appointed to be incharge
of the current duties of the office" which indicated that such person
did not hold the rank and, therefore, could not discharge statutory
functions assigned to the post should not detain us.
The language
here indicates emphasis on work being done while on the post irrespective of •he capacity. The absorption of a person as Principal under
rule 3 (b) does not depend on rank but on the nature of functions and
duties that an incumbent discharges for a particular number of years,
i.e. the duties of a Principal for a period of 7 years .
It thus dearly transpires that while computing the period
of 7
years for the purpose of rule 3 (b) what is determinative is performing
duties and discharging functions of the post of Head Master/Prmcipal
irrespective of the capacity in which the post was held. The High Court
was, therefore, right in holding that the period during which the petitioners (respondents in these petitions) worked as in charge Head
Masters/Principals ought to be taken into account by the State Government for computing the period of 7 years.
These petitions are accordingly dismissed.
V.D.K.
{1) J.L.R. 1964 MP 242
(2) 1971 MPLJ 609
(3) AIR 1973 MP 104.
Petitions disrnis~·cd.
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