# STATE OF MADRAS v. T. NARAYANASWAMI' NAIDU AND ANR

- **Citation:** [1967] 3 S.C.R. 622
- **Court:** Supreme Court of India
- **Decided:** 1967-04-12
- **Case number:** CIVIL APPELLATE JuRrsmcTION: Civil Appeals Nos. 633 & 634 of 1966
- **Bench:** J. C. Shah, S. M. Sikri, V. Ramaswami
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/state-of-madras-v-t-narayanaswami-naidu-and-anr-3973
- **Pages:** 5

## Headnote

8
Madras General Sf.'/e.r Tax Act, (9 of 1939) S.r. 3 and 4-Goodr in
stock-Liabi/l'tv tn tax as lasl purchaseThe assessee, a dealer in cotton, claimed deduction of Sales~tax an
the ground that cotton worth that value were in stock on the last day
of the assessing year. The Commercial Tax Officer disallowed the claim
holding that as subsequent disposal had not been proved, it was liable
to be taxed as a last purchase. The Assistant Commissioner upheld the
order, but the Sales Tax Appellate
Tribunal
accepted
the
assessee's
claim. The Department's revision to the High Court was dismissed. Io
;;ppeal. to this Court,
HELD : The assessee was not liable
till the
purchase of declared
good• acquired the character of a last purchase within the Second Sched11l· .. " nf the Ace
It i:; truP that S •. 3 and 4 of the Madras General Sales
Tax Act, speak of "a year", i.e., the financial year, and it is only the turnover during that year that is liable
to taxation in the hands of the
assessee. but s. 4 has to b' read w;th the Second Schedule, and reading
s. 4. with the Second Schedule, it is clear that a dealer is not liable to pay
a t:.x on the purchases unti] the purchases acquire :the quality of being
last purchases inside the State.
Jn, other words. when he files a return
and declares the. stock in hand, the; stock in hand cannot be said to
have been acquired by last purchas~ because he may still during the next
assessment year, sel1 it or he may conSume it himself or the goods may
be destroyed, etc.
He would be entitled to claim before the assessing
authorities that the character of acquisition of the stock in hand was un·
dctcrmiried; in the light of subsequent events it may or may not become
the last purchase inside the State.
This construction
is in consoninc.:
l'ilh s. 15 of the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956.
[625E-G]
Abdu/sa/a11 Rowtlzer v. State of Kera/a, 12 S.T.C. 98, and Harnu.rji
Hirj;blioy v. Con1111ercfal Tax Officer, 13 S.T.C. 773, referred to.
CIVIL APPELLATE JuRrsmcTION: Civil Appeals Nos. 633 &
634 of 1966.
Appeals by special leave from the judgment and order dated
August 11. 1964 of the Madras High Court in Tax Cases Nos.
105 and 125 of 1963 (Revision Nos. 64 and 81).
G. Ramanujam and A. V. Rangam, for the appellant (in both
the appeals.
S. T. Desai and G. L. Sanghi, for the respondents (in both
the appeals).

## Text

STATE OF MADRAS
v.
T. NARAYANASWAMI' NAIDU AND ANR.
April 12, 1967
[J. C. SHAH, S. M. SIKRI AND V. RAMASWAMI, JJ,J
8
Madras General Sf.'/e.r Tax Act, (9 of 1939) S.r. 3 and 4-Goodr in
stock-Liabi/l'tv tn tax as lasl purchaseThe assessee, a dealer in cotton, claimed deduction of Sales~tax an
the ground that cotton worth that value were in stock on the last day
of the assessing year. The Commercial Tax Officer disallowed the claim
holding that as subsequent disposal had not been proved, it was liable
to be taxed as a last purchase. The Assistant Commissioner upheld the
order, but the Sales Tax Appellate
Tribunal
accepted
the
assessee's
claim. The Department's revision to the High Court was dismissed. Io
;;ppeal. to this Court,
HELD : The assessee was not liable
till the
purchase of declared
good• acquired the character of a last purchase within the Second Sched11l· .. " nf the Ace
It i:; truP that S •. 3 and 4 of the Madras General Sales
Tax Act, speak of "a year", i.e., the financial year, and it is only the turnover during that year that is liable
to taxation in the hands of the
assessee. but s. 4 has to b' read w;th the Second Schedule, and reading
s. 4. with the Second Schedule, it is clear that a dealer is not liable to pay
a t:.x on the purchases unti] the purchases acquire :the quality of being
last purchases inside the State.
Jn, other words. when he files a return
and declares the. stock in hand, the; stock in hand cannot be said to
have been acquired by last purchas~ because he may still during the next
assessment year, sel1 it or he may conSume it himself or the goods may
be destroyed, etc.
He would be entitled to claim before the assessing
authorities that the character of acquisition of the stock in hand was un·
dctcrmiried; in the light of subsequent events it may or may not become
the last purchase inside the State.
This construction
is in consoninc.:
l'ilh s. 15 of the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956.
[625E-G]
Abdu/sa/a11 Rowtlzer v. State of Kera/a, 12 S.T.C. 98, and Harnu.rji
Hirj;blioy v. Con1111ercfal Tax Officer, 13 S.T.C. 773, referred to.
CIVIL APPELLATE JuRrsmcTION: Civil Appeals Nos. 633 &
634 of 1966.
Appeals by special leave from the judgment and order dated
August 11. 1964 of the Madras High Court in Tax Cases Nos.
105 and 125 of 1963 (Revision Nos. 64 and 81).
G. Ramanujam and A. V. Rangam, for the appellant (in both
the appeals.
S. T. Desai and G. L. Sanghi, for the respondents (in both
the appeals).
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Sikri, J. These appeals by special leave are directed against
the judgment of the Madras High Court in Tax Cases Nos. 105
c
D
E
F
G
H
A
B
c
D
'
G
H
MADRAS V. NARAYANASWAMI (Sikri, ./.)
623'
and 125 of 1963. The High Court by its common judgment dated
August 11, 1964, confirmed the orders of the Sales Tax Appellate
Tribunal.
A common point of law is involved in both the cases and it
will suffice if we give facts in Tax Case No. 105 of 1963 (Civil
Appeal Nos. 633 of 1966) in which the respondent was one
T. Narayanaswami Naidu, hereinafter referred to as the assCSiee.
The assessee is a dealer in cotton and cotton seeds.
Before the
Additional Commercial Tax Officer, Coimbatore, he claimed to
deduct the sum of Rs. 12,32,756.45 as the value of purchase>
other than the last purchases of cotton.
The Commercial Tax
Officer exempted Rs. 10,11,534.40 but disallowed the remaininr;
amount on the ground that cotton worth Rs. 2,27,250.00 was in
stock on March 31, 1961. He found that subsequent disposal in
the next year had not been proved and, therefore, it was liable
to be taxed as a )ast purchase.
In holding this he followed the
decision of the Kerala High Court in Abdulsalam Rowther v.
State of Kera/a(').
The Appellate Assistant Commissioner
(Commercial Taxes) upheld the order, but the Sales Tax Appellate Tribunal, dissenting from the decision of the Kerala High
Court in A bdulsalam Rowther v. State of Kera/a('), accepted the
appeal of the assessee and demanded the case to the Appellate
Assistant Commissioner for disposal afresh in the light of observations made by it.
The Department filed a revision under s. 38
of the Madras General Sales Tax Act, hereinafter referred to as
the Madras Act, and the High Court dismissed the revision.
The
State of Madras having obtained special leave, the appeal is now
before us.
The learned counsel for the appellant, Mr. Ramanujam, urges
that the decision of the Kerala High Court in Abdulsalam Rowther
v. Stute of Kera/a(') and of the Mysore High Court in Hornusji
Hirjiblwy v. Commercial Tax Officer(') laid down the law correctly, and the Madras High Court erred in dissenting from t!tese
decisions in the present case (now reported as State of Madras
v. T. Naravanaswami Naidu(').
Section · 4 of the Madras Act provides :
"4. Notwithstanding anything contained in section 3
the tax under this Act shall be payable by a dealer o~
the sale or purchase inside the State of declared goods
~t the rate and only at the point specified against each
~n the Second Schedule on the turnover in such goods
m each year, whatever be the quantum of turnover in
that year."
In other words, this section lays down that in respect of declared
goods we have to look at the Second Schedule in order to find
(!) 12 S.T.C. 98,
(2) 13 S.T.C. 771.
(3) !6 S.T.C. 29,
-~24
SUPRBMB COURT RllPORTS
[1967] 3 S.C.R.
out the point at which the tax would be payable by the dealer.
The Second Schedule describes the declared goods in respect of
which a single point tax only is leviable under s. 4.
Item 2 of
the Second Schedule is "Cotton, that is to say, all kinds of cotton
(indigenous or imported) in its unmanufactured state, whether
ginned or unginned, baled, pressed or otherwise, but excluding
cotton waste".
The point of levy is stated as "at the point of last
purchase in the State".
·
The question that arises is : what is the exact meaning of the
expression "at the point of last purchase in the State" ? In this
connection it may be mentioned that s. 14 of the Central Sales
Tall. Act, 1956, hereinafter referred to as the Central Act, declares certain goods as of special importance in inter-State trade
and commerce, and cotton is one of the goods included in s. 14.
Section 15 provides :
"15. Every sales tax law of a State shall, in so far
as it imposes or authorises the imposition of a tax on the
sale or purchase of declared goods, be subject to the
following restrictions and conditions, namely :-
(a) the tax payable· under that law in respect of
any sale or purchase of such goods inside the State
shall not exceed two per cent. of the sale or purchase
price thereof, and such tax shall not be levied at more
than one stage;"
Section 4 of the Madras Act was intended to comply with s. 15
of the Central Act.
The relevant portion of s. 3 of the Madras
Act, on which the learned counsel for the appellant relies, provides:
"3 ( 1) Every dealer (other than a casual trader or
ugent of a non-resident dealer) whose total turnover for
a year is not less than ten thousand rupees and every
casual trader or agent of a non-resident dealer, whatever be his turnover for . the year, shall pay a tax for
each )'ear at the rate of two per cent of his taxable
turnover:"
Section 2 ( p) defines "taxat>le turnover" to mean "the turnover
on which a dealer shall be liable to pay tax as determined after
making such deductions from his total turnover and in such· manner as ·may be prescribed", and "year" is defined to mean "financial year''.
"Turnover" is defined in s. 2(r) as follows:
" 'turnover' means the aggregate amount for which
goods are bought or sold, or supplied or distributed,
by a dealer, either directly or through another, on his
A
B
c
D
E
F
G
H
B
c
D
E
F
G
II
MADRAS v. NARAYANASWAMI (Sikri, J.)
625
own account or on account of others whether for cash
or for deferred payment or other valuable consideration,
provided that the proceeds of the sale by a person of
agricultural or horticultural produce, other than
te~,
grown within the State by himself or on any land m
which he has an interest whether as owner, usufructuary
mortgagee, tenant or otherwise, shall be excluded from
his turnover; .... "
The learned counsel for the appellant says that it is clear
from ss. 3 and 4 that a tax under the Madras Act is a yearly
tax. In other words, he says, that just as under the Indian Income
Tax Act each assessment year is a self-contained unit, so is the
assessment year a self-contained unit under the Madras Act. If
that is so, he argues, then what happens in
subsequent yea1>
cannot be taken into consideration for determining the taxability
of any purchase inside the State of declared goods. He says that
the taxable
event is the last purchase in the State during the
assessment year and if stocks are held at the end of the assessment
year it follows that the assessee holding the stocks is the last
purchaser in the State.
ln our opinion, this reasoning is fallacious.
It is true that
ss, 3 and 4 speak of "a year", i.e., the financial year, and it is
only the turnover during that year that is liable to taxation in
the hands of the assessee, but s. 4 has to be read with the Second
Schedule, and reading s. 4 with the Second Schedule, it seems
to us clear that a dealer is not liable to pay a tax on the ,purchases until the. purchases acquire the quality of being the last
purchases inside the State. In other words, when he files a return
and declares the stock in hand, the stock in hand cannot be said
to have been acquired by last purchase because he may still dur·
ing the next assessment year, sell it or he may consume
it himself or the goods may be destroyed, etc.
He would
be entitled to claim before the
assessing
authorities
that
the character of acquisition of the stock in hand was
undetermined; in the light of subsequent events it may or may not become the last purchase inside the State.
In our view this construction is in consonance with s. 15 l.lf
the Central Act. If the argument of the learned counsel for th~
State were to be accepted it would mean that the States could
with impunity levy purchase tax on declared goods at more than
one stage, i.e. on purchases in the hands of one dealer during one
a'sessment year and purchases of the same goods in the hands of
another dealer in a subsequent assessment year, and so on. Therefore, we agree with the Madras High Court that the assessee is
right in contending that he was entitled to claim deduction in
respect of the value of the stock of Rs. 2,27 ,250 as being the
purchas~s other than last purchases of cotton.
L7 Sup. Cl/67-1 O
626
SUP&l!MI! COUR.T &l!PO&TS
[1967] 3 S.C.R.
The Kerala High Court in Abdulsa/am Rowther v. Stale of
Kera/a('), following certain cases decided under the Income Tax
Act, was influenced by the consideration that an assessee could
not rely on subsequent events in order to escape taxation. That
may be so even under the Sales Tax Act, but, according to our
view, the assessee is not liable till the purchase of declared goods
acquires the character of a last purchase within the Second
Schedule referred to above.
In Hornusji Hirjibhoy v. Commercial Tax Officer(') the Mysore High Court also seems to have
been impressed by similar considerations.
The judgment under appeal draws a distinction between tax·
able event and a stage at which the levy of tax in the case of
declared goods is subject to sinlge point levy.
This may cause
confusion, and indeed, the High Court gives
one illustration,
which it found unnecessary to deal with.
The illustration given
is :
"One can visualise a case for example, where goods
mentioned above purchased on the 30th of March, 1960.
may be exported by the purchaser himself, outside the
State, on the 2nd of April, 1960. In that case the
goods could not be assessed in 1960-61 in the hands of
the exporting purchaser, because the taxable event did
not occur in that year; it could not be assessed in the
hands of the seller in 1959-60 because though the taxable event occurred that year, the single point stage was
not reached in that year. One possible way of dealing
with such a case is to assess it subsequently as escaped
turnover."
In our opinion, in this illustration, the assessee would be liable
in the financial year 1960-61 as the purchases became the last
A
B
c
D
E
purchases in that year.
F
In the result the appeal fails and is dismissed with costs.
The facts in Tax Case No. 125 of 1963 (Civil Appeal No.
634 of 1966) are similar.
That appeal is also dismissed with
costs.
The Appellate Assistant Commissioner (Commercial
Taxes) will now dispose of the cases remanded to him by the
G
Sales Tax Appellate Tribunal in the light of the judgment.
Y.P.
(I) 12 S.T.C. 98.
(2) 13 S.T.C. 773.
Appeal dismissed.
·•
·-