# STATE OF RAJASTHAN v. RAMDEEN & OTHERS

- **Citation:** [1977] 3 S.C.R. 139
- **Court:** Supreme Court of India
- **Decided:** 1977-03-04
- **Case number:** Criminal Appeal No. 343 of 1976
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/state-of-rajasthan-v-ramdeen-others-7162
- **Pages:** 4

## Headnote

STATE OF RAJASTHAN
v.
RAMDEEN & OTHERS
March 4, 1977
139
[Y. V. CHANDRACHUD, P. K. GOSWAMI AND P. N. SHJNGHAL, JJJ
Code of .. Crilninal Procedure, 1973, s. 378(1) and (3)-}Vhether two
sep'!rate pellltons are 11cressary 1111der sub-section ( 1) and (3), or a co1nposl/e 111e111ora11dun1 of t p:1cal can contain prayer for leave to appall.
The State filed an application under s. 378(3) of the Cr.P.C., 1973, for
leave to appeal against the acquittal of the respondents, of the charges under
s. 302 and 3021149 I.P.C., by the Trial Court. The application, although
n1ade under s. 378 (3) contained all the requisites for a
memorandum
of
a~peal. The High Court granted the appellant leave to the appeal, but disrn1ssed the appeal filed thereafter, on the ground that it had not been hied
~ithin ninety days of the date. of judgment appealed from, and was therefore
lime-barred under Art. 114(a) of the Limitation Act, 1963.
Allov.'ing the appeal by special leave the Court,
HELD ( 1) The High Court has not laid down any rules in the matter of
application for leave t6 appeal by the State. The matter ·will have to
be
decided in ternlS of s. 378(1) and (3) of thi Code of Criminal Procedure,
1973. An appeal can be filed by the State within ninety days from the date
of the order of acquittal, and a prayer may be included in that appeal for
entertaining the appeal under sub-section (3) of section 378 Cr.P.C.
1'he
appeal may otherwise become time-barred if the High Court takes more than
ninety days for disposal of the application for leave, and refuses to exercise
its jurisdiction to condone the delay. The right conferred under the section
cannot be put in peril by an interpretation of section 378, Cr.P.C. which is
likely to affect adversely or even perhaps to destroy that right.
[141 C-HJ
(2) The fact that the appellrint's application mentioned section 378(3) is
not decisive of the true character of the application which to all intents anti
purposes \Vas a memorandum of appeal.
[142 C-D]

## Text

STATE OF RAJASTHAN
v.
RAMDEEN & OTHERS
March 4, 1977
139
[Y. V. CHANDRACHUD, P. K. GOSWAMI AND P. N. SHJNGHAL, JJJ
Code of .. Crilninal Procedure, 1973, s. 378(1) and (3)-}Vhether two
sep'!rate pellltons are 11cressary 1111der sub-section ( 1) and (3), or a co1nposl/e 111e111ora11dun1 of t p:1cal can contain prayer for leave to appall.
The State filed an application under s. 378(3) of the Cr.P.C., 1973, for
leave to appeal against the acquittal of the respondents, of the charges under
s. 302 and 3021149 I.P.C., by the Trial Court. The application, although
n1ade under s. 378 (3) contained all the requisites for a
memorandum
of
a~peal. The High Court granted the appellant leave to the appeal, but disrn1ssed the appeal filed thereafter, on the ground that it had not been hied
~ithin ninety days of the date. of judgment appealed from, and was therefore
lime-barred under Art. 114(a) of the Limitation Act, 1963.
Allov.'ing the appeal by special leave the Court,
HELD ( 1) The High Court has not laid down any rules in the matter of
application for leave t6 appeal by the State. The matter ·will have to
be
decided in ternlS of s. 378(1) and (3) of thi Code of Criminal Procedure,
1973. An appeal can be filed by the State within ninety days from the date
of the order of acquittal, and a prayer may be included in that appeal for
entertaining the appeal under sub-section (3) of section 378 Cr.P.C.
1'he
appeal may otherwise become time-barred if the High Court takes more than
ninety days for disposal of the application for leave, and refuses to exercise
its jurisdiction to condone the delay. The right conferred under the section
cannot be put in peril by an interpretation of section 378, Cr.P.C. which is
likely to affect adversely or even perhaps to destroy that right.
[141 C-HJ
(2) The fact that the appellrint's application mentioned section 378(3) is
not decisive of the true character of the application which to all intents anti
purposes \Vas a memorandum of appeal.
[142 C-D]
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
Criminal
Appeal
No.
343 of 1976.
A
B
c
D
E
(Appeal by Special Leave from the Judgment and Order dated
F
27-1-1975 of the Rajasthan High Court in D.B.
Crl. Appeal No.
575/74)
S. M. Jain, !. Makwana and D. Shandari, for the appellant.
Doongar Singh and S. K. Gambhir, for the respondents.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
G
GoswAMI, J. The respondents were tried by the Sessions Judge,
Merta (Rajasthan) for offences under sections 302, 302/149 and some
other minor sections of the Indian Penal Code.
Respondent Goparam was acquitted of all the charges.
The other respondents also
were acquitted of the charges under sections 302 and 3021149, IPC.
Respondent Sangram was convicted under section 304 Part II, IPC.
H
Respondent Dayalram was convicted under section 324 IPC.
Respondents Budharam and Ramdeen were convicted under section 323
ll>C.
140
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
{ 1977] 3 S.C.R.
. A
Being aggrieved by the judgment of the Sessions Judge, the State
B
of Rajasthan preferred an appeal against acquittal of the major charges
under section 378 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
The Sessions Judge delivered the judgment on March 30, 197 4
and the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, came into force from April
1, 197 4The appeal was, therefore, preferred under the new Code.
It appears that the State of Rajasthan preferred a petition for leave
to appeal under section 378(3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure,
1973, on June 27,
1974, which
was within the period of
limitation prescribed under article 114 (b) of the Limitation
Act,
1963. Article 114(a) of the Limitation Act, 1963, provides for
a
period of limitation for appeal from an order of acquittal under subC
section (1) or sub-section (2) of section 417 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (hereinafter to be described as the Old Code).
The Limitation Act being an act of the year 1963, does not naturally
refer to section 378 of the Code of Criminal Procedure Code, 1973.
Section 3 78 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, is equivalent
to section 41 7 of the Old Code with an important difference in case
of appeal against acquittal by the State.
Under the Old Code there
D
was no provis\on for taking leave of the High Court by the State for
presentation of an appeal to the High Court against an original or
appellate order of acquittal.
There was,
however, provision for
obtaining special leave to appeal under section 417 (3) of the Old
Code against an order of acquittal in any case instituted upon complaint.
With some changes about limitation, with which we are not
concerned, provision for special leave to appeal in any case instituted
E
upon complaint has been retained in the new Code.
Unlike in the
Old Code, section 378(3) provides that no appeal under sub-section
(1) or sub-section (2) thereof shall be entertained except with the
leave of the High Court. Such a provision for obtaining leave of the
High Court by the State was absent in the Old Code.
F
G
H
Since the State filed an appeal against acquittal in this case soon
after the coming into force of the new Code, the State of Rajasthan
preferred an application describing it as a petition for leave to appeal
under section 378(3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, with
a prayer "to accept this petition to
file an appeal in the present
case ...... " Although the application was described as one under
section 387(3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, all the facts and
other requisites for a memorandum of appeal, including the grounds
on which the appeal was founded, were given in as great a detail as
was necessary.
The High Court after hearing the State granted leave
to appeal on August 16, 1974.
The State thereafter filed again
a
petition of appeal on September
10, 1974.
This date is clearl)
beyond the period of ninety days prescribed under article 114(c) of
the Limitation Act, 1963. The High Court dismissed the appeal on
January 27, 1975 as time-barred.
In view of section 8 of the General Clauses Act, 1897, it is not
disputed before us that article 114(a) is aoolicable in this case. The
respondents, however, submit that the petition of appeal should have
.
,
RAJASTHAN v. RAMDEEN (Goswami, J.)
. 141
been presented within ninety days of the judgment of the Sessions
A
Judge which was on March 30, 1974.
Since that was not done and
there was not even an application for condonation of delay, the High
Court had no alternative then to dismiss the appeal as time-barred.
The respondents further add that it was the practice of the Rajasthan
High Court to present a memorandum of appeal after obtaining leave
of the High Court. It was, therefore, incumbent upon the appellant
to have preferred the petition of appeal within ninety days as
presB
cribed under the law.
The High Court also while refusing leave to
appeal to the Supreme Court observed in its order that "the practice
of this court is that separate memo of appeal has to be filed in all
matters relating to the grant of leave to appeal under section 378,
Cr. p. C.".
It is difficult to appreciate the reference to practice, by the High
C
Court, so far as appeals by State are concerned when the new Code
of Criminal Procedure, for the first time, provided for obtaining leave
to appeal by the State only from April 1, 1974.
It is admitted that
there are no rules laid down by the High Court in the matter of application for leave to appeal by the State.
It is, therefore, not possible
to decide the matter relying upon the so-called practice soon after the
provision has been introduced.
D
The matter will, therefore, have to be decided in terms of section
378(1) and (3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. Section
378(1), so far as it is material for our purpose, provides that the
State Government may direct the Public Prosecutor to present
an
appeal to the High Court from an original or appellate order of acquittal.
Sub-section (3) of that section provides that such an appeal
shall not be entertained except with the leave of the High Court.
Under the law it will be perfectly in order if a composite application
is made giving the necessary facts and circumstances of the case along
with the grounds which may be urged in the appeal with a prayer
for leave to entertain the appeal.
It is not necessary, as a matter
of law, that an application for leave to entertain the appeal should
be lodged first and only after grant of leave by the High Court an
appeal may be preferred against the order of acquittal.
If such a
procedure is adopted, as above, it is likely, as it has happened
in
this case, the appeal may be time-barred if
the High Court takes
more than ninety days for disposal of the application for leave. The
possibility that the High Court may always in such cases condone
the delay on application filed before it does not, in law, solve
the
legal issue.
The right conferred by section 378 (1), Cr.P.C., upon
the State to prefer an appeal against acquittal will be jeopardised if
such a procedure is adopted, for in certain cases it may so happen
!hat the High Court may refuse to exercise its discretion to condone
the delay.
The right conferred under the section cannot be put in
peril by an interpretation of section 378, Cr.P.C. which is likely to
affect adversely or even perhaps to destroy that right.
Besides, under article 114 of the Limitation Act, in an
appeal
from an order of acquittal by the State, the period of limitation is
E
G
H
A
B
c
D
E
142
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1977] 3 S.C.R.
ninety days from the date of the order appealed from; whereas in an
appeal from an order of acquittal, in any case instituted upon co:nplaint, the period is thirty days from the date of the grant of special
leave.
Thus there is a clear distinction between the two types of
appeals with regard to terminus a quo under article 114.
It is,
therefore, not necessary to wait until the grant of leave by the High
Court to present a memorandum of appeal against acquittal at the
instance of the State.
Thus appeal can be filed by the State within
ninety days from the date of the order of acquittal and a prayer may
be included in that appeal for entertaining the appeal under subsection (3) of section 378, Cr. P.C. If the leave sought for is not
granted by the High Court, the appeal is not entertained and stands
dismissed.
We are, therefore, clearly of opinion that the application
for
leave to appeal, which was made by the State in this case, is equivalent to a memorandum of appeal under section 373(1) read
with
sub-section (3) of that section of the Code of Criminal Procedure,
1973.
The fact that the application mentioned section 378(3), is
not decisive of the true character of the application which to all
intents and purposes was a memorandum of appeal.
There
was,
therefore, no need for presentation of a second petition of appeal nor
for an application for condonation of delay in this case.
The petition of appeal was filed within time and the High Court committed
an error of law in dismissing the same as time-barred.
In the result the appeal is allowed.
The order of the High Court
is set aside. The petition of appeal of June 27, 1974, shall be restored
to the file of the High Court and treated as a memorandum of
appeal under section 378(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973,
and, since leave had already been granted by the High Court, the
appeal will be disposed of in accordance with law.
M.R.
Appeal allowed.
~•