# VIRJI RAM SUTARIA v. NATHALAL PREMJI BHANV ADIA AND ORS

- **Citation:** [1969] 2 S.C.R. 627
- **Court:** Supreme Court of India
- **Decided:** 1968-11-04
- **Case number:** Civil Appeal No. 1180 of 1968
- **Bench:** G. K. Mitter, K. S. Hegde
- **Source:** https://unisonlegal.in/judgment/supreme-court-of-india/virji-ram-sutaria-v-nathalal-premji-bhanv-adia-and-ors-4575
- **Pages:** 8

## Headnote

Constitution of India, Art. 173-0ath to be taken by candidate
for
election to the Legislature-Form of oath prescribed in Third ScheduleOath taken in Gu;arati language-Use of expression 'Ra;ya Sabha' for
'Legislative Assembiy'-Oath whether taken in proper form-Effect on
election-Directory or mandatory.
The returned candidate at an election to the Gujarat Legislative Assembly held in February 1967 had taken his oath as prescribed by Art.
173 of the Constitution
in
the
Gujarati version of
the
relevant
form set out in the Third Schedule to the Constitution. In the said version
the term "Legislative Assembly" was translated as "Rajya Sabha". In
an election petition it was urged that the term "Rajya Sabha" was equivalent not to "Legislative Assembly" but to "Legislative Council", and therefore the oath was not taken by the returned candiJate in the proper form
and his election. was liable to be set aside.
The High Court having decided
against the election petitioner appeal against its judgment was filed in this
Court.
HELD : (i) The word 'sabha' means a gathering or a meeting or an
assembly of persons for a definite purpose.
Giving the word 'sabha'
the:
said meaning in the word 'Rajya Sabha' it would not be possible to hold
that the oath was not in compliance with the form
prescribed in Art.
173(a) of the Comtitution. No doubt by common parlance in many of
the States in Northern India the expression 'Rajya Sabha' has come
to
mean the Legislative Council of a State while the State Legislative Assembly is known as Rajya Vidhan Sabha. But in the. absence of any authoritative tran<:latiop of the expression "State Legislative Assembly" in Gujarati
the popular meaning of the expression could not give proper guidance. The
State of Gujarat has no Legislative Council of the State.
The Legislature
consists of one house only, namely, the State Legislative. Assembly. There
could therefore be no misaprirehension either in the person taking- the
oath or in. the Re.turninq Officer when he was acceotin!I. the nomination
paper with the oath in Gujarati form that the candidate who afterwa1ds
won the election was being nominated as a candidate to fill a seat in the
Legislative Council of the State and not in
the Legislative Ascembly.
[630 D-G]
As the essential requirements of the oath given in the form in the
Third Schedule were not deviated from in the Gujarati form used in this
case it could not be held that the oath subscribed in this case was not
in compliance with Art. 173 merely because of the popular meaning of
the word "Rajya Sabha".
(ii) Non.-compliance with th~ nrovisions of a statute or Constitution
will not necessarily render a proceeding invalid if by considering its nature.
it:i desi~n and t!ic consequellces which foliow from its non-observance one
is not led to the conclusion that the legislature or the Constitution-makers
intended that there should be no departure from the strict words used,
(633 G-HJ
628
SUPRE11E COURT REPORTS
[1969] 2 S.C.R.
In the present case the essential requirement of Art. 173 read with
Form Vil-A was that the person taking the oath or making the affinnation would bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution an.cl would
uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India.
The words which precede
this portion are merely descriptive of the person and of his nomination
as a candidate.
It is re,asonabie to think that a mere. misprint in the
form of the Oath or a n1ere inaccuracy in
rendering
the
expression
"Legislative Assembly" in Gujarati would not be fatal to the election of
the candidate, if otherwise valid. [634 Al
Kamarcia Nadar v. Kunju Thevar, [1959]
S.C.R.
583,
Murarka
Radhey Shyam Ram Kumar v.
Roop Singh Rathore, [1964] 3 S.C.R.
573; Ch. Subbarao v. Member, Election Tribunal,
Hyderabad,
[1964]
6 S.C.R. 213; State of U.P. v. Manbodhan Lal Srivastava, [1958] S.C.R.
533 and State of Punjab v. Sat Pal Dang ·and State of Punjab v. Dr.
Baldev Prakash & Ors., [1969] 1 S.C. R. 4 78, applied.

## Text

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VIRJI RAM SUTARIA
v.
NATHALAL PREMJI BHANV ADIA AND ORS.
November 4, 1968
(G. K. MITTER AND K. S. HEGDE, JJ.]
Constitution of India, Art. 173-0ath to be taken by candidate
for
election to the Legislature-Form of oath prescribed in Third ScheduleOath taken in Gu;arati language-Use of expression 'Ra;ya Sabha' for
'Legislative Assembiy'-Oath whether taken in proper form-Effect on
election-Directory or mandatory.
The returned candidate at an election to the Gujarat Legislative Assembly held in February 1967 had taken his oath as prescribed by Art.
173 of the Constitution
in
the
Gujarati version of
the
relevant
form set out in the Third Schedule to the Constitution. In the said version
the term "Legislative Assembly" was translated as "Rajya Sabha". In
an election petition it was urged that the term "Rajya Sabha" was equivalent not to "Legislative Assembly" but to "Legislative Council", and therefore the oath was not taken by the returned candiJate in the proper form
and his election. was liable to be set aside.
The High Court having decided
against the election petitioner appeal against its judgment was filed in this
Court.
HELD : (i) The word 'sabha' means a gathering or a meeting or an
assembly of persons for a definite purpose.
Giving the word 'sabha'
the:
said meaning in the word 'Rajya Sabha' it would not be possible to hold
that the oath was not in compliance with the form
prescribed in Art.
173(a) of the Comtitution. No doubt by common parlance in many of
the States in Northern India the expression 'Rajya Sabha' has come
to
mean the Legislative Council of a State while the State Legislative Assembly is known as Rajya Vidhan Sabha. But in the. absence of any authoritative tran<:latiop of the expression "State Legislative Assembly" in Gujarati
the popular meaning of the expression could not give proper guidance. The
State of Gujarat has no Legislative Council of the State.
The Legislature
consists of one house only, namely, the State Legislative. Assembly. There
could therefore be no misaprirehension either in the person taking- the
oath or in. the Re.turninq Officer when he was acceotin!I. the nomination
paper with the oath in Gujarati form that the candidate who afterwa1ds
won the election was being nominated as a candidate to fill a seat in the
Legislative Council of the State and not in
the Legislative Ascembly.
[630 D-G]
As the essential requirements of the oath given in the form in the
Third Schedule were not deviated from in the Gujarati form used in this
case it could not be held that the oath subscribed in this case was not
in compliance with Art. 173 merely because of the popular meaning of
the word "Rajya Sabha".
(ii) Non.-compliance with th~ nrovisions of a statute or Constitution
will not necessarily render a proceeding invalid if by considering its nature.
it:i desi~n and t!ic consequellces which foliow from its non-observance one
is not led to the conclusion that the legislature or the Constitution-makers
intended that there should be no departure from the strict words used,
(633 G-HJ
628
SUPRE11E COURT REPORTS
[1969] 2 S.C.R.
In the present case the essential requirement of Art. 173 read with
Form Vil-A was that the person taking the oath or making the affinnation would bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution an.cl would
uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India.
The words which precede
this portion are merely descriptive of the person and of his nomination
as a candidate.
It is re,asonabie to think that a mere. misprint in the
form of the Oath or a n1ere inaccuracy in
rendering
the
expression
"Legislative Assembly" in Gujarati would not be fatal to the election of
the candidate, if otherwise valid. [634 Al
Kamarcia Nadar v. Kunju Thevar, [1959]
S.C.R.
583,
Murarka
Radhey Shyam Ram Kumar v.
Roop Singh Rathore, [1964] 3 S.C.R.
573; Ch. Subbarao v. Member, Election Tribunal,
Hyderabad,
[1964]
6 S.C.R. 213; State of U.P. v. Manbodhan Lal Srivastava, [1958] S.C.R.
533 and State of Punjab v. Sat Pal Dang ·and State of Punjab v. Dr.
Baldev Prakash & Ors., [1969] 1 S.C. R. 4 78, applied.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1180 of
1968.
Appeal under s. 116A of the Representation of the People
Act, 1951 from the judgment and order dated Jain'uary 17, 18,
1968 of the Gujarat High Court in Election Petition No. 2 of
1967 .
. Shyamala Pappu and Vineet Kumar, for the appellant.
Bishan Narain and D. N. Misra, for the respondent No. 1.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
·Mitter, J. The only question raised in this appeal from a judgment and order of the High Court of Gujarat diimissing an election
petition is, whether the returned candidate was not qualified to be
chosen to fill a seat of the State Legislative Assembly inasmuch as
he did not subscribe to an oath or affirmation according to the
form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule to1he Constitution as prescribed under Art. 173 thereof.
The relevant facts may be stated as follows :
The notification of the Governor of Gujarat under s. 15(2)
of the Representation of the People Act of 1951
for
the
purpose of elections
to the Gujarat State Legislative Assembly
was issued on January 13, 1967. Nomination papers were filed
by several persons including the returned candidate and the scrutiny thereof was made on January 21, 1967. The poll took place
on February 18, 1967 and the result declared on February 27,
1967 showing the returned candidate winning comfortably by a
margin exceeding 3800 votes over his nearest rival.
One of the
grounds ·taken in the election petition was that immediately after
the scrutiny of the nomination papers, the third respondent to the
election petition had filed a written objection before the Returning
Officer contendin~ that the ret\1rned candidate had not taken oath
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VIRJI RAM V. NATHALAL (Mitter, J.)
629
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properly and on the same ground he along with respondents 2 and
4 were not qualified to. be chosen and their nomination papers
should be rejected.
This contenti'on was returned down by the
Returning Officer and was also negatived by the learned Judge
who heard the election petition and in this appeal the unsuccessful
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petitioner has only pressed this ground.
The relevant portion of Art. 173 of the Constitution reads as
follows:-
"A person shall not be qualified to be chosen to fill
a seat in the Legislature of a State unless he-
(a) is a citizen of India, and makes and subscribes
before some
person authorised in that behalf by the
Election Commission an oath or affirmation according
to the form set out for the purpose in the Third
Schedule;
(b) and(c)
"
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The Third Schedule contains various forms of oath or affirmation.
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From VII-A the relevant form for the present purpose is,
as
follows:
"Form of oath or affirmation to be made by a candidate for election to the Legislature of a State :-
"I, A. B., having been nominated as a c<iudidate
to fill a seat in the Legislative Assembly (or Legislative
Council), do swear in the name of God that I will
solemnly affirm
bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of
India as by Jaw established and that I will uphold the
sovereignty and integrity of India."
The returned candidate had filed three nomination papers
with
three
different
proposers
on
January
20,
1967.
Each
of
..the
three
nomination
papers
clearly mentioned that he was a candidate for election to fill a seat
in the Vidhan Sabha for the Gujarat State i.e. Legislative Assembly of the State. The nomination paper of the returned candidate
contained a fonn of oath or affirmation which was both in Gujarati
as well as in English. The English form followed word for word
Form No. VII as set out in the Third Schedule to the Constitution and the Gujarati fonn purported to set o~t the Gujarati
translation of the form of oath or affirmation. The relevant difference for the purpose of this appeal between the two forms lay in
this that the words "Legislative Assembly" in the forni in English
were translated in Gujarati form as "Rajya Sabha" and the appellant's contention before the High Court arid before us rested
630
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[!969] 2 S.C.R.
solely on the use of this word which according to learned counsel
went to show that the oath that was taken was for the purposes
of filling a seat not in the legislative assembly of the State
but in the Legislative Council of the State.
At the hearing
of the petition be.fore the High Court the returned candidate gave
evidence to the effect that he had taken the oath not according to
the words in the Gujarati form but according to the translation of
the words in the English form rendered by the Returning Officer.
The Returning Officer was merely called to produce some documents but he was not put on oath nor was he asked any question
to corroborate the testimony of the returned candidate.
The
High Court did not accept this testimony and we see no reason
to come to any different conclusion.
We must therefore proceed on the basis that the returned
candidate took the oath according to the words of the Gujarati
form.
It was argued before us that 'Rajya Sabha' means the
Legislative Council of the State and not the Legislative Assembly
of the State and consequently the oath taken did not fulfil the
requirements of Art. 173 (a) of the Constitution.
We were not
referred to any official translation of the expression "Le!tlslative
Assembly" in Gujarati. The word "sabha" means ·a gathering or
a meeting or an assembly of persons for a definite purpose. Giving
the word "sabha" the said meaning in the expression 'Rajya
Sabha' it would not be possible to hold that the oath was not in
compliance with the form prescribed in Art. 173 (a) of the Constitution.
No doubt by common oarlance in many of the States in
Northern India the expression 'Rajya Sabha' has come to mean
the Legislative Council of a State while the State Legislative
Assembly is generally known as Rajya Vidhan Sabha. But in the
absence of any authoritative translation of the expression "State
Legislative Assembly" in Gujarati we cannot guide ourselves by
the popular rendering of the expression.
In this connection it
is necessary to mention that in the State of Gujarat there is no
Legislative Council of the State. . The legislature comists of one
house only, namely, the State Legislative Assembly.
There
could therefore be no misapprehension either in the person taking
the oath or in the Returnino: Officer when he was accepting the
nomination naner, with the oath in Gujarati form that the candidate who afte'Wards won the election was being nominated as a
candidate to fill a seat in the Legislative Council of the State and
not in the Legislative Assembly.
The High Court held that there was substantial compliance
with the requirements of Art. 173 (a) of the Constitution in the
circumstances surrounding the making and the subscribing of the
oath even if the compliance was not literal. We are in fuU agreement with that .view.
The essential requirement of Art. 173(a)
of the Constitution· for our present purpose is that in order to 1.r
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VIRJI RAM v. NATHALAL (Mitter, J.)
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qualified to be chosen to fill a seat in the LegislatUie of a State
a person (i) must be a citizen of India and (ii) must make ~nd
subscribe before a person duly authorised an oath or affirmatton
according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule.
Form VII-A contains the
following
essential requirements:
B
( 1) The person taking the oath or making the affirmation
must have been nominated as a candidate to fill a seat in the
Legislative Assembly or Legislative Council;
(2) That he will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by Jaw established; and
c
( 3) That he will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of
India.
The vital requirements therefore are (a) the securmg of a nomination, and ( b) decla'ration of bearing true faith and allegiance
to the Constitution and a promise to uphold the sovereignty and
integrity of India.
The securing_ of a nomination precedes the
D
making of a declaration. The real purpose of the oath is that the
person concerned must give an undertaking to bear true faith and
allegiance to the Constitution and uphold the sovereignty and
integrity of India. This is brought out by the statement of objects
and reasons to the Bill No. 1 of 1963 seeking to amend Arts. 19,
84 and 173 o.f the Constitution. The statement of objects and
E
reasons notes the recommendation of the Committee on National
Integration and Regionalism and its view "that every candidate for
the membership of a State Legislative or Parliament, and every
aspirant to, and incumbent of, public office should pledge himself
to uphold the Constitution and to preserve the integrity and sovereignty of the Union and that forms of oath in the Third Schedule
to the Constitution should be suitably amended for the purpose".
F - The Bill proposed to give effect to the recommendation by amending clauses (2), (3) and (4) of Art. 19 as also Arts. 84 and 173
and the forms of oath in the Third Schedule. The words in the
form of oath in Form VII-A.
"I will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India"
G
were
inserted
by
the
Constitution Fifteenth
Amendment
Act 1963 giving effect to the view of the said committee .
.
As t~e essential requirements of the oath given in the form
m the Third Schedule were not deviated from in the Gujarati form
used in this case, we cannot hold that the oath subscribed in this
case was not in compliance with Art. 173 merely because of the
H
popular meaning of the expression 'Rajya Sabha'.
The real question is, whether the deviation, if any, from the
form of oath in English as contained in the Third Schedule is so
632
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1969] 2 S.C.R.
vital as to lead to the conclusion that no proper oath was taken
by the returned candidate. There have been many instances where
this Court has held that a substantial compliance with the statute
or with the rules framed thereunder is enough even if there be no
literal compliance and in our view there is no reason to adopt a
different line of reasoning in the construction and interpretation
of the Constitution. In all such cases, one must consider the
real purpose of the provision whether statutory or constitutional,
to find out whether notwithstanding the apparently mandatory
form of the words used any deviation therefrom was to be struck
down.
One of the questions which came up for consideration in
Kamaraja Nadar v. Kunju Thevar(') was whether the election
petition ought to have been rejected merely because the deposit
provided for under s. 117 of the Representation of the People Act
was made in favour of the Election Commission and not in favour
of the Secretary to the Election Commission as provided for in
the said section. Turning down the argument advanced for
rejecting the election petition it was observed :
"What is of the essence of the provision contained
in s. 117 is that the petitioner should furnish security
for the costs of the petition, and shouli:l enclose along
with the petition a Government Treasury receipt showing that a deposit of one thousand rupees has been made
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by him either in a Government Treasury or in the
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Reserve Bank of India, is at the disposal of the Election Commission to be utilised by it in the manner
authorised by law ......... "
In Murarka Radhey Shvam Ram Kumar v. Roop Singh
Rathore(2 ) one of the points urged against the petitioner was
that there was non-compliance with the provisions of s. 81 (3) of . F
the Representation of the People Act because the copy of the
election petition served on the appellant was not a true copy of
the original filed before the Election Commission. Rejecting the
said contention it was said :
" .... the word "copy" in sub-s. ( 3) of s. 81 does
not mean an absolutely exact copy, but means that the
copy shall be so true that nobody can by any possibility
misunderstand it."
To the similar effect is the jud!!ITient in Ch. Subbarao v. Member,
Election Tribunal, Hyderabad(").
G
In State of U.P. v. Manbodhan Lal Srivastava(') one of the
ff
./ .
...
contentions urged on behalf of the respe>ndent who was reduced
Y
(!) [1959] S.C.R. 583.
(2) [19641 3 S.C.R. 573.
: n
(1964] 6 S.C.R. 213,
(4) (1958] S.C.R. 533.
) .....
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VIRJI RAM v. NATHALAL (Mitter, J.)
633
in rank after departmental enquiry, was that the order of the
Government was invalid for inon-compliance with the provisions
of Art. 320(3)(c) of the Co!lstitution which read literally made
it obligatory for the Government of India or a Government of a
State to consult the Union Public Service Commission or the
State Public Service Commission on all disciplinary matters affecting a person in service of the State. In turning down the above
it was observed by this Court :
" .... the use of the word "shall" in a statute,
though generally taken in a mandatory sense, does not
necessarily mean that in every case it shall have that
effect, that is to say, that unless the words of the statute
are punctiliously followed, the proceeding, or the outcome of the proceeding, would be invalid."
In State of Punjab v. Sat Pal Dang and State of Punjab v.
Dr. Baldev Prakash & Ors. (1) one of the points canvassed before
this Court was, whether the certificate by the Deputy Speaker on
a Money Bill was sufficient compliance with Art. 199 ( 4) of the
Constitution which provides that :
"There shall be endorsed on every Money Bill when
it is transmitted to the Legislative Council under article
198 and when it is presented to the Governor for assent
under article 200, the certificate of the Speaker of the
Legislative Assembly signed· by him that it is a Money
Bill."
It was contended that the provisions of the above clause were
mandatory and only the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly could
sign the Money Bill. It was pointed out by this Court that the
Speaker was not present when the Bills were passed and under
Art. 180 (2) the Deputy Speaker could act as the Speaker when
the latter was absent. This Court proceeded to examine the several tests to determine when the provisions of statute might be
treated as mandatory and when not, and emphasis was laid on one
of the distinctions, namely, in cases where strict compliance was
necessary to. be a condition precedent to the validity of the act
itself, the neglect to perform it as indicated was fatal.
The above cases are sufficient to show that non-compliance
with the provisions of a statute or Constitution will not necessarily
render a proceeding invalid if by considering its nature, its design
and the consequences which follow from its non-observance one
is not led to the conclusion that the legislature or the Constitutionmakers intended that there should be no departure from the strict
words used.
(I) [1969] I S.C.R. 478.
634
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1969] 2 S.C.R.
In this case, as we have already noted, the essential requireA
ment of Art. 173 read with Form VII-A was that the person taking the oath or making the affirmation would bear true faith and
allegiance to the Constitution and· uphold the sovereignty and
integrity of India. The words which precede this portion are
merely descriptive of the person and of his nomination as a candidate. It is reasonable to think that a mere mis-print in the form
B
of the oath or a mere inaccuracy in rendering the expression
"Legislative Assembly" in Gujarati would not be fatal to the election of the candidate, if otherwise valid.
In the result, the appeal fails and is dismissed with costs.
G.C.
Appeal dismissed
•