## CONSTITUTION 31D

### CONSTITUTION 31D — Saving of laws in respect of anti-national activities
- https://unisonlegal.in/statutes/constitution/31D

> 31D. [Saving of laws in respect of anti-national activities.].-Omitted by
the Constitution (Forty-third Amendment) Act,1977, s. 2 (w.e.f.13-4-1978).

1. Ins. by the Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1955, s. 3 (with retrospective effect).
2. Ins. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951, s. 5 (w.e.f. 18-6-1951).
3. Ins. by the Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1971, s. 3 (w.e.f. 20-4-1972).
4. Subs. by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, s. 4, for "the principles
specified in clause (b) or clause (c) of article 39" (w.e.f. 3-1-1977). Section 4 has been
declared invalid by the Supreme Court in Minerva Mills Ltd. and Others Vs Union of India
and Others, AIR 1980 SC 1789.
5. Subs. by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. 8, for "article 14, article
19 or article 31" (w.e.f. 20-6-1979).
6. The words in italics struck down by the Supreme Court in Kesavananda Bharati vs. State of
Kerala, AIR 1973, SC 1461.
7. Ins. by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, s. 5 (w.e.f. 03-01-1977).
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